16pf What are the personality classifications?
1、INTJ:
Suitable for occupation:
Management consultant, design engineer, event planner, product manager, etc.
Of all the types, you belong to the most independent one, and you are quite proud of it. No matter what field you set foot in, you can bring a new atmosphere. At work, you are a natural organizer, and intuition gives you an eclectic imagination, so that you can always see opportunities that others can't see. When you face the outside world, with the help of thinking function, you can make an accurate and objective judgment on the environment. In your opinion, everything has room for improvement, but it is difficult for you to focus on the same thing continuously.
2、INTP:
Suitable for occupation:
Designers, economists, philosophers, financial planners, R&D experts, etc.
Many people of this type have made some achievements in science, mathematics, economics and philosophy. What you are best at is abstract thinking, which is the cleverest of all types. Unlike simple thinking, intuition can make you understand things more deeply. You are extremely curious about knowledge, have a keen understanding, and always come up with all kinds of witty ideas when solving problems. Sometimes, you can judge the possibility at a glance, which is based on your strict logic and thinking order.
3、ENTJ:
Suitable for occupation:
Commanders, managers, technical trainers, programmers, engineers, leaders and so on.
You are used to knowing the world through intuition rather than feeling, so you pay more attention to the possibility of future development than to the facts that are visible or known in front of you. Driven by intuition, you are interested in knowledge and curious about new ideas (whether they are useful at present or not). You can always sit patiently and delve into profound theories, and you are willing to try to solve complex problems. You are far-sighted and insightful, and you pay attention to and value the possibility of vitality. At work, you are willing to solve various directional problems and care about bigger things rather than specific details.
4、ENTP:
Suitable occupation: debater, international marketer, marketing planner, investment broker, logistics consultant, etc.
You are very independent, good at analysis, and you can treat everyone around you objectively and fairly, which makes you have a good interpersonal relationship foundation and easy to move to management positions. What you often think about is what other people's work will do to yourself, not what your work will do to others. You always give people the impression that you are always right, because you will try your best to defend your views and beliefs. As long as others refute, you think others are wrong, and it is easy for you to support your point of view through debate. This is because of your cognitive mode of thinking, because you always follow the right and order and try your best to maintain it.
5、INFJ:
Suitable for occupation:
Human resource manager, editor, media planner, enterprise trainer, social science worker, consultant.
You are naturally concerned about others, which sometimes makes you feel extroverted. In fact, extroversion is not your own trait, but your emotional and psychological functions are at work, which makes you very friendly and kind in social interaction. Your individualism is not particularly obvious, but it doesn't mean that your inner views and beliefs are not firm enough, but because you want to win the support of others for your own views with the help of harmonious interpersonal relationships. Once you have successfully gained the understanding and support of others and reached a cooperation with others, you will integrate into the group with your own goals. You often pay attention to human development and happiness, and feel that you have the wisdom of "everyone is drunk and I wake up alone".
6、INFP:
Suitable for occupation:
Mediator, therapist, tutor, human resource development, psychologist, league construction consultant, artistic director, journalist, architect, etc.
You can stand out in any field of dealing with people, such as consulting, education, literature, art, science, psychology and so on. You have a gift for language. You can convince others with language and make others agree with your point of view, so as to achieve cooperation. This is also an important role you play in life-mediator. There is no doubt that you are very enthusiastic and always like to mediate some contradictions and conflicts, so you are trusted by everyone. Emotional thinking mode makes you eager to communicate and share, which has influenced many people.
7、ENFJ:
Suitable for occupation:
Speaker, writer, public relations, coordinator, small business manager, human resources training.
You are curious about all kinds of fresh ideas, like reading, have a wide range of academic interests, can accommodate all kinds of theories, perspectives and viewpoints, and are full of imagination about all kinds of possibilities outside reality. Your expressive ability is very strong, and you often prefer to say rather than write. Very suitable for dealing with people, good at communication and cooperation with people. I am kind, easy-going, flexible and compassionate, and I can express my feelings properly. In order to make a decision and handle things well, I will express my views and judgments directly.
8、ENFP:
Suitable for occupation:
Promoters, actors, broadcasters, lawyers, advertising marketing, development presidents, etc.
You are more enthusiastic in social life, more concerned about others and better at dealing with people. Compared with familiar friends, you prefer to deal with strangers and let others recognize you and support you through communication. You are sensitive to all possibilities and have the ability to excuse innovation, but it is difficult to complete it from beginning to end. Your life is full of endless projects, and you can always solve all kinds of difficulties skillfully. You are easily driven by impulse and passion, not willpower. You think inspiration is higher than being together, and you follow your own inspiration in everything you do.
9、ISTJ:
Suitable for occupation:
Auditors, engineers, computer programmers, geologists, accountants, etc.
Your personality values logic, analysis and decision-making. As long as you are extroverted enough, you may become an excellent manager. At the same time, you are likely to become a conscientious lawyer, because you will never take chances and never catch the loopholes and mistakes of the other side. It seems that all the work should be checked by you. You never overlook any details. You know exactly what should and should not be included. If necessary, you will help others without reservation, but under the action of logical thinking, you will resist any meaningless demands or expectations.
10、ISFJ:
Suitable for occupation:
Real estate agents, artists, interior designers, personnel management experts, customer service representatives, etc.
You attach great importance to the loyalty and trust between people and the sense of belonging and happiness of the team. In the interaction with others, your perceptual thinking can bring warmth and confidence to people. When you find a problem, you can also perceive the essence of the problem and make an accurate judgment and response based on experience. This shows that you are systematic and finish what you started. You are very patient, able to deal with details, adapt to daily practices and norms, and absorb and use all kinds of factual information.
1 1、ESTJ:
Suitable for occupation:
Executives, project managers, factory supervisors, insurance, bank officials, data analysts, etc.
You are used to seeing the world through your senses rather than intuition, so you are very concerned about getting specific information through different senses. You are used to talking about things, paying attention to practical efficiency, and being good at perceiving and memorizing various specific details. You are tolerant of all kinds of rules and regulations, and you are good at handling all kinds of stylized affairs, showing your pragmatic side. Your thinking is meticulous, considering practical and specific things. Your advantage is that you are practical and meticulous. You are used to solving problems through skilled skills or past experience, and you like to do work that can be immediate, eye-catching and have concrete results.
12、ESFJ:
Suitable for occupation:
Consuls, receptionists, sales representatives, public relations managers, marketers, catering operators, etc.
Your personality is realistic, conventional and eloquent, and you are keen to pursue things that help others and improve your life. You like to pay attention to all kinds of personal experiences, including your own, friends' and acquaintances', and you may even be moved by strangers' life experiences. You often regard the opportunity to serve others as an important feature of your ideal job. You have strong sympathy and empathy and don't want to see others suffer, so you always want to do your best to help others out of trouble.
13、ISTP:
Suitable for occupation:
Scientists, technical training, software development, securities analysts, etc.
Your personality is very keen on practice and applied science, especially in the field of machinery. Your sensory function can help you understand specific visible things, intuitively understand things, and judge what it can and cannot do. So your hands-on ability is very strong, and you have the talent of integrating theory with practice. At the same time, you are good at sorting out clues from complicated data according to basic principles, and finding meaning from messy information makes you creative. On the other hand, you are very concerned about the efficiency of doing things, and you will not waste your time on things that have no results.
14、ISFP:
Suitable for occupation:
Administrative personnel, tourism sales, chefs, medical personnel, adventurers, etc.
You know the reality very well. You can find the demand and try to meet it. Because you are an adventurer, you never want to be arranged by others. You prefer to try to change it yourself. At the same time, you also attach great importance to taste, difference, aesthetics and balance. You have strong hands-on ability, love nature and like to explore the unknown. Maybe you are not an eloquent person, but you can let others know and know yourself with practical actions. You are very low-key, so you often underestimate yourself.
15、ESTP:
Suitable for occupation:
Entrepreneurs, artisans, journalists, business consultants and personal finance experts.
You prefer to judge by thinking rather than emotion, so you know the logical consequences of an action or decision. This forms your character of pursuing maximum benefits, and also reflects the role you play in life-entrepreneur. This doesn't mean that you always like to haggle over every ounce, but that you can always consider practical problems and accept reality more easily, instead of deliberately beautifying everything you have experienced. You are good at mathematics and various theories, and you can show a tough attitude when necessary. When dealing with mechanical or other specific problems, you will be rigorous and practical, and will not complicate the problem.
16、ESFP:
Suitable for occupation:
Diplomats, labor coordinators, actors, insurance brokers, public relations personnel, etc.
You are used to judging by emotions. Driven by perceptual thinking, your interest and energy are mainly focused on people. So when you get along with others, you will be kind and friendly, considerate and decent, and you will be good at dealing with people. At the same time, you are also very accurate in judging people and can always make accurate comments. This also reflects the role you play in life-diplomat, which makes you have many friends, but it may make you hesitate to deal with principled issues.
Introduction to MBTI:
——MBTI, the most popular professional personality assessment tool in the world, is a compulsory and self-reported personality assessment test, which is used to measure and describe people's psychological activities and personality types in obtaining information, making decisions and treating life.
Philosophers from ancient Greece and India, as far away as Hippocrates in 450 BC and Pala Celsus in the Middle Ages, have long noticed that all people can be divided into four categories: conceptualized people, empiricists, idealists and traditionalists. There are striking similarities in the temperament of people of the same type.
192 1 year, psychologist carl jung, an authentic disciple of Freud, published his classic Psychological type theory. In his book, he designed a set of personality difference theory, which he thought would determine and limit a person's judgment at the same time. He divided this difference into introversion/extroversion, intuition/sensibility and thinking/feeling. At the same time, he believes that these differences are innate and relatively fixed in a person's life.
Jung listed perception and judgment as two basic functions of the brain. The former helps us to obtain information from the outside world, while the latter enables us to make decisions in a specific way. Their role in brain activities is controlled by people's lifestyle and energy sources, and they have different influences on people's external behaviors and attitudes. It is in this sense that personality is considered to be the innate nature of human beings.
In the 1940s, an American mother and daughter put forward a personality test model based on Jung's psychological typology theory. Isabel Myers and Catherine Briggs named this theoretical model after them, and called it Myers-Briggs indicator MBTI. Myers-Briggs indicator (MBTI): As a judgment and analysis of personality, it is a theoretical model. Four key elements-motivation, information collection, decision-making mode and lifestyle-are summarized and refined from the complicated personality characteristics, and analyzed and judged, so as to distinguish people with different personalities. The significance of MBTI personality classification model and theory lies in "explaining the differences between people" and optimizing decision-making and "reasonable intervention" decision-making process.
Psychologist David Chersi found that these four different temperaments were independently studied by people from different cultural backgrounds and different historical periods, and their descriptions of personality were strikingly similar. At the same time, he found that the combination of four personality tendencies in MBTI personality type system coincides with the four temperament summarized by ancient wisdom. These four combinations are:
Intuition (N)+ Thinking (T)= Conceptualist
Touch (S)+ perception (P)= empiricist.
Intuition (N)+ emotion (F)= idealist
Touch+judgment = traditionalist
Psychologists Briggs and Myers further developed carl jung's theory of eight personality types, and put forward Myers-Briggs personality classification, which divided individual measurement into 16 personality types, referred to as MBTI.
There are four dimensions in MBTI-extroversion (E, abbreviation, the same below) and introversion (I), true feeling (S) and intuition (N), emotion (F) and thinking (T), judgment (J) and perception (P). These subdivision dimensions can be combined like building blocks, among which the combination of four subdivision dimensions is called "personality type", and MBTI contains 16 different personality types.
Four-dimensional, paired combination, there are sixteen types. Types are represented by letters in each dimension, as follows:
ESFP、ISFP、ENFJ、ENFP
ESTP、ISTP、INFJ、INFP
ESFJ、ISFJ、ENTP、INTP
ESTJ、ISTJ、ENTJ、INTJ
What does MBTI's fire bring us?
1, looking for belonging, young people like to label themselves.
MBTI personality test can be explained and studied from the perspective of identity. According to allport's theory of self-development, individual's self-knowledge goes through three stages: physical self, social self and psychological self.
The formation of social self and psychological self is realized in the social norms set by the media and interpersonal communication with others. In information dissemination and social communication, individuals constantly improve their sense of identity.
In essence, the act of "labeling" is to gain "identity" and "group belonging". As a gregarious animal, people's pursuit of "group belonging" has even surpassed background experience and rational logical judgment. This is something rooted in people's subconscious. Even the most independent people want to find a group to chat with and pursue a kind of.
Another kind of people who are keen to live in groups will actively seek to live in groups in various ways. From the original constellations to MBTI, there are even various strange theories, which are their way of broadcasting themselves and seeking identity.
Heidegger said, "We are essentially members of the community. It is in the community that we learn how to be an individual." As a kind of social existence, human beings usually put themselves in a specific group in order to gain some connection with others and confirm their identity through this connection.
The persistence of astrology and fortune telling shows how eager we are to be understood. When someone can tell me information that fits my own situation (even in general terms), I am reprinted.
2. New development, identity differentiation under the Internet.
With the rapid transmission of information in the Internet age, the frequency and speed of group gathering and dispersion have been greatly enhanced, and the subject, foundation and motivation of identity have changed greatly, resulting in corresponding differentiation and conflict.
The identity of traditional social members is stable and restrictive, and individuals are limited by their groups and social environment, so their personal identity is relatively stable. However, in the Internet age, due to the virtual nature of the network, people can selectively "perform" in cyberspace. Personal identity is virtual and constructive, and the identity of social members is dynamic and infinite.
At the same time, time and space are also closely related to identity. At present, we are in what Manuel Caster, an American scholar, called "flowing space". Society is mobile, mobile, and members of society have less and less time to identify with it.
Compared with the traditional negative and belonging identity, the identity in the network society is positive and constructive. When positive social identity increases, self and group identity will have more dimensions, and social identity will be more decentralized.
According to the philosopher Gemont Bowman, the reliable symbol of group identity is gradually replaced by fluidity, instability and individualism. In the past, people used to label themselves with religion, family and enterprises. Now people don't need to be attached to groups, but demand more subdivision.
Empty nesters, Buddhists, frustrated youths, etc. It's all a fad, and young people need to find a fashionable word to package themselves. People even define themselves by "what car to drive, what clothes to wear, what perfume to wear and what music to listen to".
Specifically, people's images on social networks are sometimes even 108,000 miles away from their actual characters, but as the philosopher william james thought, "A person has as many social selves as he has in the eyes of people who know him." For those who can never see his true face, those who are labeled are himself.
For example, in the setting of MBTI, people will change their personality according to different needs and environments, and even change their personality types several times a month. This transformation has the characteristics of virtuality and artificial construction, and is actually an artificial "performance".
3. Personality stratification conflicts, and the uniqueness of individual personality is submerged.
However, when MBTI becomes a circle label, different personality types become an important source of people's sense of superiority.
The rare personality conforming to commercial times's law has become the top of the circle, while the huge emotional personality such as INFP and ISFJ has to retreat to the bottom of the circle. The personality test, which should give people a more equal view of complex human nature, has become an artificial stereotype, making it increasingly difficult to break the social circle.
Naturally, the division of circles is not completely useless. It brings simpler communication methods and language styles, such as talking about food and life when discussing with S-type personality, and talking about life and philosophy when meeting N-type personality. However, seemingly simple, behind it is an inert expression aphasia.
People are afraid to speak, afraid that no one will listen, and afraid that the mask of disguise will be seen through. Therefore, it is better to hide under the general personality type and cover up all true thoughts and emotions.
The compartmentalization of personality makes the uniqueness of individual personality submerged, and communication and expression no longer need thinking, as if everything is a template and routine. Paradoxically, even if MBTI can help us create an idealized character, when all the personalities of individuals are standardized, "personality" will disappear, because anyone can create the character you want.
At present, under the background of media mobility and socialization, the frequency and speed of group gathering and dispersion are greatly enhanced, and it is increasingly prominent that young people need to spy from the outside to the inside through personality tests such as MBTI.
As a new round of social currency, MBTI is essentially a fast and labeled classification, from which we can spy out the identity construction of emerging human beings in social communication.
However, we should understand that MBTI, as an unscientific and imprecise personality test method, is essentially the same as constellation theory. When we expect or label people with certain personality types, they will become stereotypes.