202 1 basic medical knowledge test-digestive system (202 1. 10.28)
A. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
B. Esophageal stenosis
C. Barrett's esophagus
D. atrial flutter
2. Multiple selection methods for the spread and metastasis of esophageal cancer;
A. Direct communication
B. Lymphatic metastasis
C. Hematogenous metastasis
D. Intrahepatic metastasis
3. The reasons for multiple choices of acute gastritis are:
A. Impact
B. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
C. emphasize
D. Deteriorated, coarse and irritating food
4. The characteristics of multiple-choice chronic superficial gastritis are:
A. The gastric mucosa is hyperemia and edema, showing reddish color.
B. The gastric mucosa changes from normal orange to gray or grayish green.
C the mucosal surface can be covered with grayish yellow or grayish white mucinous exudate.
D. submucosal vascular penetration
5. Multiple choice peptic ulcer complications:
A. bleeding
B. Perforation
C. Pyloric obstruction
D. Carcinogenesis
6. Multiple choices of metastasis mode of gastric cancer:
A. Lymphatic metastasis
B. Blood transfer
C. Peritoneal implantation
D. direct infiltration
Reference answer and analysis
1. Answer ABC. Analysis: This question examines the complications of internal medicine-digestive system-gastroesophageal reflux disease, which belongs to the memory question type. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease include upper gastrointestinal bleeding in option A (esophageal mucosal erosion and ulcer can lead to hematemesis and/or melena), esophageal stenosis in option B (repeated attacks of esophagitis lead to fibrous tissue hyperplasia and eventually scar stenosis) and Barrett esophagus in option C (that is, squamous epithelium in the lower esophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium, which is a precancerous lesion). Option D Atrial flutter is a circulatory system disease, not a complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
2. Answer ABC. Analysis: This question examines the diffusion and metastasis of internal medicine-digestive system-esophageal cancer, which belongs to the memory question type. The modes of diffusion and metastasis of esophageal cancer include: option A, direct diffusion (cancer tissue first infiltrates mucosa and muscularis, and then penetrates the esophageal wall and spreads to surrounding tissues and organs), option B, lymphatic metastasis (the main mode of metastasis of esophageal cancer), and option C, hematogenous metastasis (often to liver, lung, bone and other places in the late stage). Option D Intrahepatic metastasis is the mode of spread and metastasis of liver cancer, not the mode of spread and metastasis of esophageal cancer.
3. answer ABCD. Analysis: This question examines the etiology of internal medicine-digestive system-acute gastritis, which belongs to the memory question type. Acute gastritis is acute gastric mucosal inflammation caused by many reasons, including: ① infection; ② Drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are common); ③ Stress (severe trauma, major surgery, burns, etc.). ); ④ ethanol; ⑤ Deteriorated, coarse and irritating food; ⑥ Corrosive substances; ⑦ duodenal juice flows back into the stomach; 8 ischemia; Pet-name ruby radiation; Indications for mechanical trauma, etc.
4. answer AC. Analysis: This question examines the characteristics of internal medicine-digestive system-chronic superficial gastritis, which belongs to the memory question type. Chronic superficial gastritis: the gastric mucosa is congested and edematous, showing reddish color (A pair), accompanied by punctate bleeding and erosion, and the surface can be covered with grayish yellow or grayish white mucinous exudate (C pair). Chronic atrophic gastritis: the gastric mucosa changed from normal orange to gray or grayish green (B error), the mucosal layer became thinner, the folds became shallower or even disappeared, and submucosal blood vessels were visible. The surface is granular with occasional bleeding and erosion (D error).
5. answer ABCD. Analysis: This question examines the complications of internal medicine-digestive system-peptic ulcer, which belongs to the memory question type. Complications of peptic ulcer: option A bleeding (the most common complication and the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding), option B perforation (X-ray shows that there is free gas under the diaphragm), option C pyloric obstruction (manifested as vomiting and overnight eating), option D canceration (change of pain rhythm and continuous positive fecal occult blood test suggest the possibility of canceration).
6. Answer ABCD. Analysis: This question examines the metastasis mode of internal medicine-digestive system-gastric cancer, which belongs to the memory question type. There are four ways to spread gastric cancer: first, lymph node metastasis: the most common way of metastasis, often to the left supraclavicular lymph node. B. Hematogenous metastasis: It occurs in the late stage, and the common metastatic organs are liver, lung, pancreas, bone, etc., with liver metastasis being the most common. C. Peritoneal implantation: Peritoneal implantation into ovary forms ovarian metastatic tumor, called Krukenberg tumor (Kukenberg tumor). D. direct infiltration: invasion of adjacent organs.