? Qin Liangyu, a female general in the late Ming Dynasty: Fighting Zhang to the end.

Female generals in the late Ming Dynasty: North Korea was defeated in the late Ming Dynasty, and Qing soldiers outside the customs often looted the pass. There is social unrest in the customs and the people are poor. It is no exaggeration to describe the overall situation of the Ming dynasty with chills. At this time, in the process of local armed and anti-armed struggle, some famous generals and their excellent combat troops appeared. The white-pole soldier is a famous one. & gt The so-called "white armed soldiers" mainly hold white armed spears (spears). This white-armed spear was made by loyal generals and Sichuan generals in the late Ming Dynasty according to the local terrain characteristics. It uses white wood (undyed) as a long pole, with a blade on the hook and a hard iron ring on it. In combat, the hook can be cut and pulled, and the ring can be used as a hammer weapon. If necessary, you can use dozens of spears. The appearance of ash is similar to that of European Sophora japonica. It is milky white or pink, tough and elastic, and easy to process. Therefore, it is a practical and economical weapon in the era of cold weapons. & gt Yu, a native of Zhongzhou, is the father of Qin Gui. Since childhood, Yu's father has used the Art of War Department to help his children. He once said to Yu, "You are a weak woman. You should not be a fish." The original intention of Qin's father to let Qin Liangyu learn the art of war and martial arts was to enable Qin Liangyu to defend himself, but Qin Liangyu studied hard and never lost anyone. "Qin Liangyu and his brothers practice martial arts together and learn the art of war. Before the age of 20, he was good at "riding and shooting", especially at the military strategy taught by his father. So Qin Gui commented on Qin Liangyu with emotion and said, "Your brother is not as good as you. Qin Liangyu generously replied, "Your son can manage the soldiers, but Madam City and the female soldiers can't do anything about it. & gt& gt Ming Shenzong Wanli twenty-two years (1595), Qin Liangyu was twenty-one. At that time, Cao Gao, the pants brother of Zhongzhouwan, took a fancy to Qin Liangyu and was flatly rejected by Qin. Later, Cao Gao used Qin Liangyu to support the struggle against taxes, which harmed her and imprisoned her. After Qin Liangyu was released from prison, he held a contest to get married. Cao Gao also applied and was defeated by Qin Liangyu. Qin Liangyu fell in love with stonebridge's famous men at first sight. He deliberately lost to Ma Qiancheng and decided to marry Ma Qiancheng. In the 23rd year of Wanli (1596), Qin Liangyu was 22 years old and married Ma Qiancheng, the ambassador of Shiqiao Fu Xuan. Shizhu also belongs to Zhongzhou, not far from Qin Liangyu's family. This is a county dominated by Miao people, and the court set up Fu Xuan envoys to govern these Miao people who surrendered to Daming. Ma Qiancheng is not a Miao. His ancestral home is Fufeng, Shaanxi, and he is a descendant of Ma Yuan. Because of the outstanding achievements of his ancestors, he was appointed as the special envoy of Fu Xuan in Shibi, and his official position was passed down from generation to generation, and later passed on to Ma Qiancheng. & gt Shiqiao is located in a remote place, with fierce folk customs and rising from time to time in rebellion; Therefore, Fu Xuan's important responsibility is to train the army and maintain stability. So, shortly after their marriage, Qin Liangyu whispered, "There are many reasons today. Guizhou, Chu and Shu have made friends in the stone and silicon industry and want to train troops to protect the environment." And when a person makes meritorious service in Wan Li, he follows the high-impedance to innovate Hou Jiasheng. Why is he just consolidating my efforts? "Thousands of times are passive. Therefore, Qin Liangyu and Fu took advantage of the opportunity of rectifying land administration to train, and became a stone-silicon soldier, that is, a white-pole soldier, commanding, crisp and innocent in autumn. Most of the white-pole soldiers are organized by relatives and friends. After strict training, they have strong combat effectiveness. These hundred armed soldiers served as soldiers in wartime. In their spare time, they organized to reclaim wasteland, develop production, distribute some newly reclaimed land to the families of officers and soldiers and the masses, and widely plant grain and pasture. Female soldiers spin flowers and weave fabrics to supply military supplies. & gt The uniform white spearmen are refreshing, but what really makes the white spearmen famous in the world is the brilliant exploits that followed. From the founding of Qin Liangyu's army to her death, this army experienced more than 100 battles, among which the famous battles were Pingbo, Hunhe bloody battle and the battle of recovering four cities (Luanzhou, Yongping, Qian 'an and Zunhua). Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that the white pole soldiers are "famous all over the world". & gt In the 26th year of Wanli, Bozhou (now Zunyi) instigated Yang Yinglong to collude with nine local Miao tribes and raise the flag to rebel. They attacked everywhere, burning and looting, and they were very rampant. The imperial court sent Li Hualong, the governor of Sichuan, Guizhou and Huguang, to jointly suppress the rebel army, among which Ma Qiancheng and Qin Liangyu led 3,000 White Guards. Due to the special equipment and long-term strict mountain training, the white-pole soldiers were very handy in Bozhou War, and the army went straight into it. Finally, the insurgents mobilized all their forces to hold on to Bozhou City, and set up five checkpoints outside the city, namely, Dengkan, Sang Mu, Wujiang, Duhe and Loushanguan. Every checkpoint is guarded by elite soldiers, and Yang Yinglong wants to use it as an amulet. The attack on Dunkan was led by Qin Liangyu with 500 white soldiers as the main force. & gt Yang Chaodong, commander of Deng Kan's garrison, saw that the other side's troops were thin and ready to swallow them at one fell swoop, so he pulled all his 5,000 chosen men to the ground and arranged them in a dense formation. In the face of ten times his own enemy, Qin Liangyu is fearless. Riding a peach blossom horse and holding a spear, she led the white pole army into the enemy line majestically. Just think that she is hugging the left and the right, attacking the east and rushing to the west, and the enemy soldiers are dying everywhere, such as the autumn wind sweeping the leaves. However, the enemy was outnumbered and surrounded by waves. Qin Liangyu behind enemy lines is not chaotic. While slashing the enemy soldiers around her, she slowly moved closer to the enemy general Yang Chaodong. When she came near, after a fierce fight, she suddenly jumped on her horse. Before the people around her could see clearly, she had caught Yang Chaodong riding a horse, waving a spear in her right hand and holding the enemy general firmly in her left hand. When all the enemy soldiers saw the leader captured, they fell into a state of chaos. Qin Liangyu's white-armed soldiers attacked, but they didn't eat a bite. The enemy soldiers fled with casualties, and 5,000 troops fled. & gt After capturing Deng Kan, it successfully captured Sang Mu, Wujiang and Duhe, and reached Loushan Pass on the periphery of Bozhou. Loushanguan is a natural barrier outside Bozhou. The mountain is steep, and there is only one path in the pass, which can be described as "and one person can keep it, and ten thousand people can't force it." The main task of attacking Loushanguan fell to the white pole soldiers again. Due to the narrow road, it is impossible to pass a large number of military forces, so Qin Liangyu made a clever plan for her husband. Early this morning, Qin Liangyu and her husband, Ma Qian, tandem, attacked the pass along the right road. I saw two spears whistling up and down, and the enemy soldiers who blocked the pass fell one by one, and then the reinforcements on the road could not rush up. When Qin Liangyu and his wife fought side by side and the enemy soldiers gathered more and more, thousands of white-pole troops suddenly surrounded them from both sides of the pass, and the enemy soldiers fled in defeat. & gt It turns out that Qin Liangyu and his wife caught the enemy's attention while attacking head-on. Other white-pole soldiers climbed Shangguan with white-pole spears from the cliffs on both sides of the checkpoint, which gave the enemy an unexpected blow. After the capture of Loushanguan, the rebels lost their amulets, but the army rallied and captured Bozhou, the rebel stronghold. Yang Yinglong's family set themselves on fire and died, and the rebellion was completely quelled. Speaking of meritorious service, Shizhu Baiganbing has made outstanding achievements and is listed as the first meritorious army in South Sichuan Road. Qin Liangyu made great contributions to the war for the first time. In addition to being rewarded, the reputation of "female generals" spread far and wide, and hundreds of dry soldiers began to show their edge. & gt On the way to the team's triumph, Ma Qiancheng contracted summer heat due to the hot weather. After returning to Shi Si, due to poor reception, he offended Qiu Chengyun, the internal supervisor, and was convicted and imprisoned by Qiu Chengyun. In prison, without treatment and rest, Ma Qiancheng became seriously ill and died. After Ma Qiancheng's death, the court felt that he was innocent, so he still retained the hereditary position of his family history. At this time, Ma Xianglin, the heir of Ma's family, was still young. According to the system that the toast died and the son and wife attacked, Chao Yan appointed her to succeed her husband in view of Qin Liangyu's active combat and both civil and military skills. Qin Liangyu is a strong woman. She endured the grief of losing her husband, resolutely took over the burden left by her husband, continued to train white-pole soldiers, managed the people of Shizhu, and spared no effort to keep the peace and stability of Shijie. & gt twenty years have passed quickly. In Ming Shenzong at the end of Wanli period, Manchu rose between the white mountains and black waters in the northeast. In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (16 16), Nuerhachi, the leader of Jurchen, established the "Daikin" regime in Hetuala (now Xinbin County, Liaoning Province) and began to attack the Ming Dynasty. Two years later, in the battle of Salhu, the Ming army was defeated and the camp collapsed. The situation in Liaodong was critical, and Chao Yan readjusted the national military and military assistance. At this point, Qin Liangyu is 46 years old, still personally led 3000 white soldiers, together with his brother, brother, son, north garrison. In the forty-eight years of Wanli, Qin Liangyu's white-pole soldiers fought several tough battles with the Manchu army, which dampened the spirit of some Qing soldiers. In the battle of Shenyang, the Qin brothers led the white armed soldiers to cross the Hunhe River first and fought bloody battles with the Manchurian soldiers. Thousands of braided soldiers were killed in the war, and finally the Eight Banners Army, which has always been invincible, knew that there were such brave soldiers in the Ming army and was frightened for a long time. Qin Bangping died in the battlefield, Qin Minping broke through with blood, and more than 2,000 white-pole soldiers died in the battlefield. But it is also because of this that Qin Liangyu's white-pole soldiers are famous all over the world. When Qin Liangyu heard the news, he personally led hundreds of white armed soldiers to cross the river and enter the tight encirclement, desperately trying to rescue his younger brother and recapture the body. Later, the imperial court appointed Qin Liangyu as the commander-in-chief guarding Shanhaiguan, gave Qin Liangyu the second official uniform, made him his royal wife, appointed his son Ma Xianglin as the commander-in-chief, appointed Qin Bangping as the commander-in-chief, awarded the post of Director Min Ping, and rewarded all the soldiers in vain. & gt Later, the Ministry of War "proposed to recruit another 2,000 soldiers", so "Liangyu and Minping rushed back". When returning to the stone bridge; Just in time for the extravagant Chongming Uprising of Fu Xuan family in Yongning, the extravagant Chongming party member Fanlong occupied Chongqing. Heard that Qin Liangyu led the troops back to the stone bridge, immediately "golden silk". Qin Liangyu was furious. "I am deeply grateful to North Korea, and I want to serve the country. How can I associate with traitors! " After the news of delay came out, Qin Liangyu was awarded the position of viceroy, and he was worshipped as the company commander of Shibi as a reward. In April of the third year of the Apocalypse (1623), Liang Yusheng continued to lead the troops to attack luxury, even taking 48 villages of Zunyi, Yongning, Linzhou (now Gu Lin), Jiujietan, Hongyadun, Cannongji, Qingshan Dun and Jiangliao, and finally being occupied by the luxury army, the whole Sichuan was settled down. Luxury Chongming fled to Guizhou, colluded with Shuixi (now west of Yachi River in the upper reaches of Wujiang River), and opposed the security of the toast. An Bangyan established himself as the king of Luodian, recruited soldiers and occupied the land thousands of miles west of Guiyang. The court also ordered Qin Liangyu to lead the Baiji Army into the rebellion in Guizhou. The Baiji Army fought bravely and quickly put down the rebellion, killing Anbang Yan, but also losing Qin Minping's life. & gt in the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Huang taiji failed to attack Guan Yu, and led hundreds of braid troops to invade around the Great Wall in xifengkou. After the capture of Zunhua, the Ming court was shocked when they arrived outside Beijing and even Yongping four cities. The Qing soldiers took the opportunity to go straight to Tongzhou, and the situation in Beijing was very urgent. Today, the Ming court once again ordered the king to be diligent on the edge of a military town. After Qin Liangyu took the order, he led his Bai Weijun to the capital day and night to "contribute money" to make up for the shortage of military supplies caused by the imperial court's years of war. Qin Liangyu's troops and Qing soldiers met outside the capital, and before they could camp, they started an all-out attack. Qin Liangyu, 55, dances with a white spear, as if "snowflakes are flying, pears are falling, where the blade passes, the soldiers are either on the ground or separated from their hands and feet"; All the white armed soldiers, without exception, were fierce as tigers, and the Qing soldiers fled. Soon, Qin Liangyu successively recovered Luanzhou, Yongping, Qian 'an and Zunhua, and rescued the siege of Beijing. Deeply moved, Emperor Chongzhen specially summoned Qin Liangyu on the Beijing platform, praised his beauty, rewarded sheep wine with colorful coins, and personally wrote four chapters of poems to show his achievements: > Eight arrays of learning houses, with a military emblem in Yuanyang sleeve. Why does the general want to be a husband? & gt Shu Brocade is cut by itself, and the peach blossoms sprout immediately. There are many strange people in the world who will travel thousands of miles on the battlefield. & gt Lu Sufeng vowed never to leave meals or drink blood without rouge. & gt The song of triumph will soon be cleared, and it is not the time for Zhaojun to go out. & gt As the broom swept Hu, there was a cheer. Let's have a look at him. On the pavilion in the year of Lin, Dan Qing first drew a picture of beauty. & gt After the Ming army recovered the four cities of Yongping, the imperial court left Ma Xianglin and Qin Yiming to guard both capital city and ordered Liang Yusheng to return to Sichuan to "specialize in treating Shu thieves". & gt Ten years later, the insurgents entered Sichuan, and Qin Liangyu, who was over 60 years old, went into battle again, with the same style. She led the White Guards to victory, lifted the siege of Taiping, strangled Luo Rucai in Wushan and beheaded Dongshan Tiger in Tanjiaping, which made our army suffer a lot in Sichuan. However, due to repeated military disasters in Sichuan, the state treasury was empty and food was in short supply, and the lost troops could not be replenished; The rebels were powerful and flooded into Sichuan and Sichuan, and the officers and men could not win the whole battle. Qin had no choice but to return the insurance to Shiqiao. & gt At this time, the capital city has been breached by the rebel army led by Li Zicheng, and Ming Sizong hanged himself in Jingshan Park. The Ming Dynasty finally collapsed in the stormy weather, and Li Zicheng entered the capital city, trying to firmly control Sichuan and Shu as a stronghold. Zhang Dong's expedition to the west covered almost the whole of Sichuan, but he was helpless about Shijiao, a tiny place. Sixty-eight-year-old Qin Liangyu, with battle-hardened white armed soldiers, fought to the death until Zhang fell, but the rebels failed to set foot in the north of the city. After the Duanyang Festival in the fifth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, 75-year-old Qin Liangyu just stepped off the Peach Blossom Horse after reviewing the white-pole soldiers, and his body suddenly tilted and passed away. This military parade became a farewell gift for her and her white pole soldiers. & gt