? The function and efficacy of leopard bone, what side effects are there?
Leopard bone-national compilation of Chinese herbal medicines
Pinyin bag incarnation
Alias Sichuan four-legged leopard bone
From the bones of cats and other leopards.
Sweet, pungent and warm in nature.
Meridian tropism belongs to liver and kidney meridians.
Function: expelling wind and dredging collaterals, strengthening tendons and bones. Used for rheumatism, joint pain, and soreness of feet and knees.
Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 6 yuan, into pills or wine bubbles.
Excerpted from the National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine
Yunbao Bone-National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine
Pinyin name Bao Yun G incarnation
Alias clouded leopard, lotus leaf leopard and tortoise leopard.
From Carnivora felis neofelis neofelis neoflosa Griffith, used as medicine with bones.
Habitat distribution in southern provinces of China.
Sweet, pungent and warm in nature.
Meridian tropism belongs to liver and kidney meridians.
Function: expelling wind and dredging collaterals, strengthening tendons and bones. Used for rheumatism, joint pain, and soreness of feet and knees.
Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 6 yuan, into pills or wine bubbles.
Remarks: The clouded leopard is light yellow with big stripes like clouds.
Excerpted from the National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine
Leopard bone-* dictionary
Source: Medical Forest Compilation
Pinyin bag incarnation
It comes from the bones of a feline leopard. It can be caught all year round, especially in winter and spring. Aft slaughter, that skin is peeled off, leave fur on four paws, and then the remaining meat is removed and dry.
Original shape
Leopard, also known as Cheng (Zhuangzi), Sun (Lost), Leopard, Yin Bao and Wenbao.
It looks like a tiger, with a small size, a body length of 1 ~ 1.5m, a tail length of 75 ~ 85cm and a weight of about 50kg. The female is very small. Round head and short ears. Strong limbs. The fur of the whole body is bright, and the back, head, outer limbs and tail are orange-yellow. The whole body is covered with irregular black spots and black rings, especially with large round or oval black rings on the back and sides. The chest and abdomen, the inside of limbs and the ventral surface of tail are all white. The tail tip is black.
Habitat distribution
They mainly live in mountainous areas, but they also live in hilly areas. There are fixed nests in trees or forests. Good at climbing trees, active at night, fierce. Catch wild sheep, deer and wild boar, as well as apes, rabbits, wild birds and poultry.
Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places. Location: Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. In addition, Xinjiang, Gansu, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and other places are also produced.
The skull is rectangular, with slightly thinner bone, raised cheekbones, long snout and no groove in the parietal bone. There are 3 pairs of incisors, 1 canine teeth and 4 pairs of molars in the upper jaw. The lower bone has 3 pairs of incisors, 1 canine teeth and 3 pairs of molars. Canine teeth are vertical, slightly smaller than tiger's, old and rusty. There are 24 segments in the spine and 36 segments in the coccyx. Each side 13 tendon is round. The bones of the limbs are similar to those of tigers, slightly slender; The medial fossa of ulna of forelimb (phoenix eye) is strip-shaped; The kneecap is oval, with a thick front end and a thin back end, and its outer central part protrudes, with large external slopes on both sides; The lateral bone is thicker and slightly similar to the tibia. The claws are very thin, the gray-yellow fur is mixed with black rings, and the toes and claws are bent inward, which is more bent than that of Tiger Claw. Limb bones are mostly used in the market, while others are rare. Long bones are dark white and dry, not as shiny as tiger bones. The cross section is white, and the bone cavity accounts for about 65,438+0/2 of the bone thickness. The reticular bone marrow in the bone cavity is less and lighter than that of tiger bone. It is best to have the bone weight and firmness of limbs, and remove gluten.
Leopard bone processing: tendons are washed, washed, dried in the shade and broken when used. Oil leopard bone: wash the leopard bone, put it in a pot and fry it with incense, or rub it with sesame oil and bake it with fire. Vinegar leopard bone: stir-fry in the casserole until it is easy to rise, add the washed leopard bone, stir-fry until it is yellow, sieve out the sand, pour the leopard bone into vinegar while heating, quench, and take it out to dry. (100 kg clean leopard bone vinegar 20 ~ 30 kg)
Sexual taste
Xin, Wen
1 Pharmacology: "Mild in nature and pungent in taste."
2 "Records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine": "Warm in nature, pungent and salty in taste, non-toxic."
Meridian tropism herbs: "liver and kidney."
Functional indication
Pursue the wind to calm the pain and strengthen the bones and muscles. It can be used for treating pain of bones and muscles, arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness, numbness of limb contracture, and soreness of waist and knees.
1 Meng Meng: "Leopard skull, burning ash and pouring juice, removing wind and white chips."
2 "Medical Forest Compilation": "The function is slightly the same as that of a tiger bone."
3 "Pharmacology": "Stop pain and spasm, strengthen bones and muscles."
4 "Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine": "Chasing the wind to relieve pain, strengthening muscles and bones. Treat muscle and bone pain, wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, limb spasm without flexion and extension. "
Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 3 ~ 5 yuan; Soak in wine or take pills or powder.
Pay attention to those with blood deficiency and fire excess.
Note: In addition to the above [FS:PAGE] species, there are also bones of snow leopard (distributed in Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) and clouded leopard (distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Taiwan Province Province), which are also used as medicine.
Excerpt from * dictionary
Leopard bone-traditional Chinese medicine
From "Medical Forest Compilation".
Pinyin bag incarnation
English famous leopard bone
source
Source of medicinal materials: bones of cat leopard, clouded leopard and snow leopard.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: 1. Leopard spotted leopard 2. neo felis Mebulosa(Griffith)3。 Ancia Schreiber; Phyllis Ancia Schreiber]
Harvesting and storage: It can be fished all year round, especially in winter and spring. Aft slaughter, that skin is peeled off, leave fur on four paws, and then the remaining meat is removed and dry.
Original shape
1. Leopard, shaped like a tiger, smaller than a tiger. It is 1- 1.5m long and weighs 50kg. Strong physique, stout limbs, forelimbs slightly wider than hind limbs, with 5 toes on the front foot and 4 toes on the back foot. It is metatarsal, with sharp curved hard claws at the toe end, which can be extended and retracted. Round head and short ears. Summer coat is brown, winter coat is yellow, and the back is deep. There are small and dense black spots on the head and face, which extend to the neck and the back of the body, forming a black ring on the back and side of the body, which is shaped like money, so it is called leopard. The neck, chest, abdomen and inner limbs are all white, and there are few black spots. There are dark brown spots on the outside of the limbs, black spots of different sizes on the tail, and the tip of the tail is black.
2. The clouded leopard is small, with a body length of 75- 1 10cm, a tail length of 70-92cm and a weight of 15-20kg. The limbs are short and the tail length is more than half of the body length. The back hair is grayish yellow or yellow with irregular black patches, just like clouds, so it is called clouded leopard. There are dense black spots on the neck, incomplete webbed rings around the eyes, and obvious longitudinal black lines behind the eyes. There are four black lines on the nape of the neck, two at the middle stop of the shoulder, and two thick lines on the outside extending to the tail root. The limbs are yellow with black spots. The tail is the same color as the back, with several black rings at the end, and the end is black.
3. Snow leopard as small as a leopard, with a body length of 1- 1.2m, a weight of 30-50kg and a tail length of nearly1m.. The head is small and round with small and dense black spots. The whole body hair is grayish white with black ring spots, and the black ring gets bigger and bigger. The back of the ear is gray and the edge is black. The beard is black and white. There are big black spots at the root of the tail, and the tail is black. Five toes on the front foot and four toes on the back foot. The front foot is wider than the back foot. Toes have horny hard claws, slightly curved and sharp tips. There is little difference in wool density and color between winter and summer.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: 1. Habitat in mountainous forests and hilly areas. Have a fixed nest. Walking alone is an animal at night. Fierce sex, strong jumping ability, good at climbing trees. Mainly feed on herbivores, such as sheep, deer and rabbits.
2. There are also Gaosen forest belts living in tropical and subtropical jungles and evergreen forests. Very good at climbing trees, more active in trees. Nocturnal activity, carnivorous, withdrawn and fierce, but generally harmless.
Living on a high mountain, she is fierce. Nocturnal Animals. Many people live in caves in pairs. They feed on wild sheep and rock sheep, as well as deer and other small ungulates.
Resource distribution: 1. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet.
2. Distributed in Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
3. Distributed in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Tibet and other places.
Personal identification: the skull is rectangular, the bone is slightly thin, the frontal bone is prominent, the snout is long, and the parietal bone has no groove. There are 3 pairs of incisors, 1 canine teeth and 4 pairs of molars in the upper jaw. There are 3 pairs of incisors, 1 canine teeth and 3 pairs of molars in the lower cheekbone. Canine teeth are vertical, slightly smaller than tiger's, old and rusty. There are 24 segments in the spine and 36 segments in the coccyx. Each side 13 tendon is round. The bones of the limbs are similar to those of tigers, slightly slender; The medial fossa of ulna of forelimb (phoenix eye) is strip-shaped; The kneecap is oval, with a thick front end and a thin back end, and its outer central part protrudes, with large external slopes on both sides; The lateral bone is thicker and slightly similar to the suture bone. The claws are very thin, the gray-yellow fur is mixed with black rings, and the toes and claws are bent inward, which is more bent than that of Tiger Claw. Limb bones are mostly used in the market, while others are rare. Long bones are dark white and dry, not as shiny as tiger bones. The cross section is white, and the bone cavity accounts for about 1/2 of the bone thickness. The reticular bone marrow in the bone cavity is less and lighter than that of tiger bone. It is best to have the bone weight and firmness of limbs, and remove gluten.
Chemical composition The bones of leopards, clouded leopards and snow leopards contain calcium phosphate and protein. Bao Yun No.4 bone contains a lot of collagen, and the contents of calcium and phosphorus are also high.
pharmacological action
1. Anti-inflammatory effect: 30g (crude drug) /kg and 60g (crude drug) /kg of alcohol extract of leopard bone [fs: page] were given orally, and 1 time was 1 time, which had a very significant inhibitory effect on xylene-induced ear swelling in mice. Although it also inhibited the swelling of mouse feet caused by carrageenan, there was no significant difference compared with the control group. 00 g/(kg d), continuous gastric perfusion for 8 days, has obvious inhibitory effect on cotton granuloma in rats, but the effect of 30g/kg dose group is not significant. In addition, leopard bone has obvious anti-inflammatory effect similar to tiger bone on egg white arthritis in rats.
2. Analgesic effect: The ethanol extract of leopard bone (60g/kg) can obviously prolong the pain latency of mice by gavage and hot plate method; 1 time per 12h, divided into three times, 60g/kg and 30g/kg, has obvious inhibitory effect on acetic acid writhing reaction in mice. In addition, it has been reported that the analgesic effect of leopard bone is similar to that of tiger bone and dog bone.
3. Sedative effect: 80g/kg ethanol extract of leopard bone can obviously increase the sleep number of mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital at subthreshold dose, but the increase in 40g/kg dose group is not significant. The 80g/kg dose group can also prolong the sleep time of mice with suprathreshold dose of pentobarbital. There is no significant difference in sedative effect among leopard bone, tiger bone and dog bone.
4. Anticonvulsive effect: Oral administration of 60g/kg ethanol extract of leopard bone for 4 hours, followed by 1 for 5 times, slightly prolonged the seizure time induced by pentylenetetrazol in mice, but it was not significant, indicating that there was no obvious anticonvulsant effect.
5. The toxicity was 80g/kg and 40g/kg, and the dose was 1 time /2h, five times in total. The total dose is 400g/kg and 200g/kg. After administration, 70% of the results were observed, no toxic reaction and death occurred, and no visceral abnormality was found by anatomical examination.
Physical and chemical identification shows that there are leopard-specific protein in the skeleton of leopard bone, and these protein (antigens) are composed of certain peptide segments. The surface amino acids of polypeptides contain a small number of antigenic determinants that determine or control the exogenous reaction between antigens and antibodies, commonly known as immune specificity. DH- leopard bone assay [FS:CONTENT_END] for immunoassay was prepared by binding and cross absorption.