1967 is the fate of sheep people.
(Don't delay a happy marriage)
An author who studies fortune telling went to consult a fortune teller. The fortune teller was tongue-tied, but he was ashamed and humbly asked him, "Sir, do you think this thing makes sense?" His confused and sincere tone still haunts the author.
Theoretically, areas where science and human knowledge have not been controlled are often places where religions and superstitions prevail.
Everything about a person's fate depends on the degree of personal efforts, on the other hand, it is restricted by the influence of social and personnel climate and the conditions provided by the individual's environment, and there are unpredictable emergencies at the same time.
The faster the social rhythm, the more real variables, the more active it is, and the more difficult it is to grasp.
Personal future is not dominated by causality, and personal destiny is more difficult to make accurate qualitative and prediction.
How to predict one's own destiny is a common concern of mankind.
Where there is mystery, there is mystery, and where there is doubt, there is solution.
If you can't find a scientific answer, you can only find "destiny". Many people use all their knowledge to start searching from different angles to "decipher" this "password".
They established different numerology systems.
Therefore, superstitious customs such as fortune telling and numerology are not only the inevitable product of social and historical development, but also the spiritual crystallization of different cultures, such as life knowledge level, philosophical thinking, religious belief and thinking ability, which are unique to different ethnic groups in different social and historical periods. They are a very common and long-lasting worldwide cultural phenomenon.
First, numerology in various countries
Almost all countries with a certain cultural history have their own numerology.
According to the detection, the world-famous gypsy palmistry may have arisen in India 5000 years ago and then spread to other parts of the world.
In Europe and America, numerology is also very developed, and there are different types of fortune telling, such as astrology, writing, playing cards, tea, crystal ball, dice, fire, water and so on.
As for Japan, North Korea, East Asia and other neighboring countries, fortune telling is even more popular, and fortune tellers can even influence national affairs.
They not only accepted all the main fortune-telling methods of China, but also "shine on you is Better than Blue" was renovated on the basis of China's numerology and invented various physiognomy.
Overseas numerology, especially in Europe, is rooted in their cultural soil and inextricably linked with religion, such as a British numerology: Zhou Yisheng: a good-looking talent;
Born on Tuesday: Fulu Yongchang;
Zhou Sansheng: Life is impermanent;
Born on Thursday: must leave home;
Born on Friday: rich and famous;
Born on Saturday: there is no food at home;
Sunday student: Liang Liang.
In China, watching time has nothing to do with religion.
Life science in ancient China was the earliest physiognomy.
Physiognomy originated in the Spring and Autumn Period in the 7th century BC and has a history of 2700 years.
From the cultural origin, it is rooted in the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, absorbs the theory of divinatory symbols and easy numbers, integrates Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and family meanings, and takes the research results of astronomy, calendar, geography, traditional Chinese medicine, temperament, natural history and other disciplines at that time as ideological material, which can be described as profound, rich in righteousness and strict in logic.
(influence)
China's ancient physiognomy and numerology originated from the highest level of China's ancient philosophy and evolved into the most common folk beliefs. It originated from the ruling class and was widely popular in all classes of feudal society.
On the surface, it directly or indirectly affected the political, military, artistic, ethical and secular life of feudal society, and affected the social and historical process to some extent.
The fundamental interpretation of China's ancient physiognomy and theory of destiny "The conclusion of natural destiny".
In other words, people's fate is doomed, but human resources cannot be changed, and all human efforts are in vain.
Therefore, in the old society, China people's negative attitudes towards life, such as resignation, complacency, dare not fight, lack of enterprising spirit and insensitivity, were largely influenced by physiognomy and numerology.
China's ancient physiognomy and numerology values and aesthetic taste are all based on the standards of the feudal ruling class.
Therefore, physiognomy and numerology are also one of the bridges connecting the thoughts of the ruling class and the ideas of the common people, and play an important role in completing the ideological system of the feudal ruling class and cultivating the moral sentiments of the common people.
Today, we are here to study the history of its occurrence and development and its various styles, and discuss the core principles contained in China culture from a special angle, as well as the various influences of this cultural style on the national cultural mentality, so as to remove the dirt of this ignorant culture from the bottom of the car.
(D) Criticism in history
In the history of our country, it is really disappointing to study the custom of physiognomy, fortune telling or fortune telling. Although occasionally a few scholars, such as Xunzi, Lv Cai and Xiong Bolong, criticized it, they held the view of political sociology, and at most pointed out its fallacy, spit it out and called it a "bastard", not to mention cultural analysis.
Now it is a criticism of this traditional culture, and the research on this cultural tradition is not even as good as Xunzi's criticism two thousand years ago.
(V) The connotation of this article
This paper holds the physiognomy and numerology as a whole from three aspects: the historical track, mode, characteristics and system framework of their evolution. Because of the lack of historical documents and research results, I am willing to be a person who takes the road.
Historical trace
1 the age of ignorance: the fate of heaven enveloped Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.
"No matter in complex or simple cases, it is always the environment, that is, customs and the spirit of the times, that determines the types of works of art; The environment only accepts the varieties consistent with it and eliminates the rest; The environment uses many obstacles and constant attacks to stop the development of other varieties. "
Not only in the clan period, people thought that human beings were predestined, but later generations also thought that laws and regulations were predestined and designed by the Emperor of Heaven.
From the personnel arrangement of the emperor to the position of a hundred officials, this powerful god can do anything.
The Emperor of Heaven ordered people to obey his will, otherwise there would be disaster.
This view of destiny is actually the ideological reflection of the ruling class politics, that is, the ideological expression of the hereditary, enfeoffment and hierarchical system of the eldest son in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
People's food, clothing, housing and transportation are considered to be determined by the will of the "Heaven Emperor", which is lifelong and must follow the requirements and norms of their own level.
Therefore, in the social environment of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, where the concept of divine destiny was absolutely dominant, physiognomy and astrology did not take root and grow, and there was no fortune-telling and fortune-telling custom.
Therefore, Xunzi said, "There is nothing in ancient times, and there is no way for scholars."
2. Chaos first appeared: during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the thinking of personal destiny and the birth of physiognomy.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the patriarchal feudal system collapsed, and people's hierarchical status changed greatly. The incidents of killing kings and slaves occurred from time to time, which caused people to think about their fate.
However, people's thinking and understanding are always limited by existing knowledge.
So what are the ideological data of the researchers who have just poked their heads out from the audience of Destiny?
Almost everyone in our ancestors has a strange description of the legendary ancestors and the images of saints in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties:
"This is too much bubble sacrifice-snakehead."
"Dragon-the head of a human cow."
"The emperor and the beast are watching."
"The Yellow Emperor changed his mind, repaired his neck, and the Emperor closed his chest."
"Yao eight picks, shun two pupils, Yu ears three leaks, four breasts"
"Tang's elbow again, Wu Wu looked at the moon, and the duke of Zhou bent down-"
The legend that saints must have "icons" was originally a reflection of totem of different clans, or a story that later generations highlighted its magic and fiction.
But for most people who lack knowledge of natural science and social science, this is a fact.
On the contrary, if a saint looks like a mortal, it is inconceivable.
Our ancestors started from a self-created false premise that "saints are odd-shaped", which in turn is the logical formula that "odd-shaped is saints".
The further study and concrete practice of this concept has been transformed into the earliest style of China's numerology family-the art of matching life.
However, when the question of why mortals and saints in real life have the same "grotesque" but different fates is further raised, it is difficult for fortune tellers to justify themselves.
However, it is worth noting that in the pre-Qin period, some philosophers used the condensation of qi to explain the formation of things, and people were also the product of qi.
This natural view that human beings are the product of heaven and earth, and qi is the constituent element of all things, inspired the ancients from Xiangniu and Xiangma, and produced another naive association: since livestock have different life spans, temperaments and abilities, they also show different bone marrow, body shape, color and hair, so should things born in heaven and earth.
This physiognomy, based on the theory of "form and qi", has lost the mystery of "singularity is sacred" and represents the positive pulse of China's physiognomy.
Although it seemed to be a backward cultural phenomenon at that time, it was our ancient people's real exploration of human destiny, which undoubtedly had a great influence on the more ignorant theocracy and destiny theory.
3. The heat of common transportation and the initial establishment of physiognomy and numerology theory in Han Dynasty.
The establishment of the Han Dynasty was neither a gift nor an ancestral tradition. It was won by the hiss of Ma Tiejin Ge.
Liu Bang is a plowman, Chen Ping is a tourist, Fan Gui is a dog seller, Zhou Bo is a drummer, Guan Ying is a cloth loser, Lou Jing is a coachman, Han Xin is a rogue and Peng Yue is a robber.
Moreover, in order to enrich the bureaucracy, Emperor Gaozu recruited all the wise men, sent officials to the capital and set up imperial academy, so people had the hope of being an official.
However, any personnel changes within the ruling class for power will create personal opportunities for a group of people to change their social status, resulting in a huge "gap" between people of the same class with different fates.
The envy of the winner, the consternation of the victim, constant thinking and confusion, finally, I have to feel sorry for my fate.
Some people can't find all the reasons from social events, so they have to talk about the thickness of life and the ups and downs of fortune.
This "spiritual climate" created a hotbed for the development of physiognomy fortune-telling, and also created conditions for the increasingly popular fortune-telling and fortune-telling customs, which triggered the first fortune-telling craze in China in the Spring and Autumn Period.
China's physiognomy and astrology have a clear philosophical foundation, which is Wang Chong's philosophical vitality theory in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Wang Chong inherited the materialistic viewpoint of predecessors and advocated the monism of qi. He believes that qi is the origin of the world, and the root of all differences is the difference of internal qi.
This is a progressive materialistic view of nature, but he mechanically compares social personnel with the inevitability of nature, thus forming his mysterious fatalism of natural fate.
Regarding the fate of the stars, Wang Chong thinks that the stars in the sky have different grades. "People are born angry, but also grow with anger. Expensive is expensive. Cheap is cheap, expensive is expensive or-how many stars have money or money, they are all different sizes.
"Wang Chong's theory of star life became the theoretical basis of five elements fortune telling.
Of course, a universal social and cultural style cannot be attributed to one person.
4. Crazy years: The flood-ravaged Tang and Song Dynasties talked about the fate wind and the reproduction of the fate family.
leave out
The numerology family based on time and astrology originated from the dynamic universe model of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, which was greatly developed in the Song Dynasty. This is not only reflected in the fact that the "eight-character" fortune-telling was finally completed to the theoretical construction of the Song Dynasty, but also in the fact that they finally broke the "outstanding" situation of physiognomy.
5. Systematic arrangement of physiognomy and numerology in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
leave out
Second, phase, life.
The first fortune tellers were not full-time, but used their professional knowledge in the bureaucracy to serve the ruling class.
Later, social politics became more and more complicated, and some people chose fortune telling. First, they could support their families and fulfill their family responsibilities. More importantly, they could learn "Ming Dow saves the world" through life, and teach people to be happy in know life, maintain the ruling order and fulfill their uncontrollable social responsibilities.
Therefore, as fortune tellers and fortune tellers, they actually acted as missionaries of feudal ethics consciously or unconsciously, punishing evil and promoting good.
And more warlocks put their hopes on the bureaucratic class, hoping that their careers will be successful.
Because physiognomy and numerology have a certain philosophical foundation, and the calculation content is extensive and flexible, they avoid the shortcomings of other social and cultural styles, objectively safeguard the current social system and alleviate class contradictions.
Third, the introduction principle
Interpretation of five elements
The five elements are the basis of birth fortune telling, and a person's birth depends on whether the five elements are neutral or not.
The five elements, and the five elements that the ancients thought were important to everything in the world.
It is called "walking" because it is a kind of natural gas that "walks between heaven and earth without being poor" and has been in motion and combination.
The ancients believed that the five elements came from yin and yang, which vaporized to produce water, and the dregs in the water accumulated into soil, and the water came out to become mountains and rivers. The hard part of the soil turned into stone, and the stone was pregnant with gold. Trees grow in the soft part of the soil, and drilling wood can remove fire.
The movement of the five elements has evolved into everything, and everything can be covered by the five elements.
The change of the five elements lies in the "dynamic and static" movement of Yin and Yang.
The five elements have their own characteristics, so there is a causal relationship between them, that is, the five elements are born in turn and come down in one continuous line, becoming "mother and child".
Alternate: wood fires, fire produces soil, soil produces gold, and gold produces water, aquatic wood.
Xiangke: Mutuke, Tukeshui, Shuihuoke, Huojinke, Jin Kemu.
This relationship is not single, it is like a family, and the sons of the five elements can "avenge" their parents every two times, such as soil and water, and the son of water.
The theory of "walking clouds" is basically a world view of "invincible man", which emphasizes the absolute restriction of metaphysical naturalism on personal destiny. It is an analogy and abstraction of people's sensory experience on the relationship between solar terms and crop growth laws in agricultural society, but it is more theoretical and technical.
The most primitive five elements are to clarify the composition of all things and their unique laws of motion. The world view that the five elements dominate everything originated at the end of the Warring States period, because people think that the five elements have the same feelings as colleagues in Heaven and Human Resources.
Physiology, numerology and ethics
Ethics is a special category of philosophy, and physiognomy and numerology in ancient China are tributaries of philosophy, which determines that physiognomy, numerology and moral ethics in ancient China are intrinsically related and will inevitably blend and deepen.
Although Dong Zhongshu, a master of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty, formally incorporated the Three Cardinals and the Five Permits into the universe model based on the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, fundamentally speaking, any universe model that takes the Qi of Yin-Yang as the origin of all life has sown the seeds of human relations from the very beginning.
Dong Zhongshu's theoretical universe model is the inevitable result of China's historical and cultural development.
Men and women, husband and wife can also be attached to yin and yang, and heaven and earth are in harmony.
Therefore, the ancients deduced the natural generation principle of "a sense of heaven and earth, and everything is born" from the biological reproduction principle of "men and women construct essence and everything is born".
The formation of the theory of the origin of the universe that Tao gives birth to Yin and Yang, and the combination of Yin and Yang makes Yin and Yang a product of metaplasia under the rule of men and women and husband and wife, while the human relations between men and women, husbands and housewives make the Yin and Yang of the origin of the universe have advantages and disadvantages, and the main and auxiliary points.
This can be seen from the easy-to-hang universe model:
"For the day, for you, for the father.
Kun is the land and the mother. "
"Buddha is humble, and Gan Kun will be settled.
Chen is humble and noble, and his position is lofty. "
Nature, life forms and social personnel are of the same origin, and the life source of the cosmological model with synchronous ups and downs is the Qi of Yin and Yang, and the condescending Qi of Yin and Yang determines that everything he integrates has a hierarchical relationship. Therefore, China's ancient model of the universe itself is shrouded in a strong ethical color.
Dong Zhongshu's universe model is mainly based on the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. On the one hand, Dong Zhongshu raised the "three cardinal guides" rooted in the theory of respecting yang and inferring yin to a sacred "heaven", on the other hand, he added the "five permanents" to the "five elements" as a personal moral requirement of feudal society, which was subordinate to the "three cardinal guides" social ethics, thus forming a sacred and eternal feudal ethics, which was integrated into his universe diagram of yin, yang and five elements.
Since the Han Dynasty, it has been the dominant ethical thought of China in ancient times.
Physiognomy and numerology should reveal the news of personal temperament, dignity, honor and disgrace, respect and inferiority, so various moral theoretical norms in the feudal system have become the basis for their argument.
The so-called "can let bygones be bygones and cooperate with human relations."
Yin and Yang are different, and Yang dominates Yin and Yin follows Yin, which is the universal principle of feudal ethics and the fundamental principle of physiognomy and numerology.
According to numerology, the three cardinal guides in interpersonal relationships are the inevitable products of the changes of Yin and Yang, which determines the nature of the changes of the five elements, and the changes of the five elements are also the embodiment of the spirit of the "three cardinal guides", so there are monarch, minister, father and son, and husband and wife in the five elements of Yin and Yang.
In order to establish this point, numerologists not only use Gankun traffic to understand the way of husband and wife, but also use the alternation of day and night, the moon and the moon to understand the way of monarch and minister, and use the turn of southeast and spring and summer to understand the way of father and son, thus breaking through the original site, extending the "three cardinal guides" of Yin and Yang ethics to the changes of four seasons and five elements, and becoming a "heavenly spirit" that covers all human relations and determines numerology, deepening and expanding the Han Dynasty.
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The absorption and advocacy of the three cardinal principles in life science is also reflected in "ten changes, understanding and cooperation among six parents"
A person's "eight characters" and "three cardinal guides" are consistent, indicating that the monarch and the minister are in harmony, the ancestors are heavy, and the husband respects his wife and vice versa.
This theory has been advocated by later generations, and it is not necessary to examine whether it conforms to the supporting principle of biochemical five elements, and it has become a "hard law" in numerology.
As a result, the ethics of "three cardinal guides" rose to numerology and evolved into a social axiom.
The numerologist said that according to the quality value of the five elements of qi introduced in a person's birthdates, we can infer the characteristics of a person's code of conduct and the level of "smell" and cultivation that can be achieved.
There is no practical point of view here, and even the initiative spirit of self-cultivation advocated by progressive Confucian scholars is gone. It is purely a more negative and backward moral ethics defined by fate.
In marriage, physiognomy and life science do not talk about love, or even avoidance. The calculation of marriage depends on whether the five elements of men and women are "neutral", whether the woman is virtuous and whether the dowry is rich.
Don't look at China's physiognomy. Numerology often flaunts itself as impersonal, relying purely on the "righteousness" and "numerology" of human nature. In fact, they are not that pure at all. His umbilical cord is connected with the mother of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, which determines that it has a continuous blood relationship with ancient ethics in China. It actively introduced the norms of feudal society and irrationally transformed it into numerology. So, we give it.
Physiology, numerology and religion
In addition to fortune telling "merits and demerits", physiognomy and numerology in ancient China have nothing to do with religion.
Religious belief worships supernatural gods, which is an idealistic ideology.
Physiognomy and numerology are one of the simple materialistic thoughts, which really infer the future destiny by examining a person's innate character and numerology.
Physiognomy and numerology belong to the last branch of Confucianism.
Confucianism advocates joining the WTO, advocating reality, not believing in ghosts and gods, and regarding Buddhism and Taoism as heresy.
Believers only recognize the days destined by heaven, and do not judge their fate by the personnel of the day after tomorrow. At first, they had nothing in common.
Interestingly, physiognomy and religion are distinct in the light and do not affect each other, but they are complementary and compatible in the dark, and they are more and more harmonious, making physiognomy and numerology become the common methods of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
Buddhism can be traced back to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties after the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Buddhism lives by begging for alms, but it has no ability to make a living. At a time when people are still skeptical about Buddhism, it is difficult to climb a few effective donors to fill their stomachs.
And physiognomy and numerology are the best ways to cater to fashion and gain fame and fortune.
Physiognomy and numerology are against the principles of Buddhism and Taoism. To serve Buddhism and Taoism, we must accept theism and believe that people's fate depends entirely on pleasing God. Believing in the theory of destiny is to accept materialism and believe that a person's fate depends on his innate temperament.
Either way, it's a funny farce to believe in Buddhism or an alchemist, calling for ghosts, but doing physiognomy and learning life.
Therefore, this kind of Taoist gained fame and fortune, but after entering the Tang Dynasty, another kind of Taoist consciously used Buddhism and Taoism to tamper with numerology and spread religious social and cultural phenomena by fortune telling, which was even more chewy.
This kind of person has a good eye. Starting from the basis of physiognomy and numerology, they quietly changed the "Tao" and "Qi" that determine a person's fate into "ghosts and gods", and stole physiognomy and numerology from the deterministic theory of internal qi into the "fatalism" theory derived from the theory of karma.
Compared with the plagiarism of Buddhism and Taoism, physiognomy and numerology absorb the essence of Buddhism and Taoism more elegantly and dignified.
As physiognomy originally thought:
"Where there is life, there will be phase, where there is phase, there will be life, and so will the sky.
At the beginning of anger, the destiny has been set, ghosts and gods cannot be changed, and sages cannot return. "
This statement is too extreme, which not only cuts off the vitality of people with bad fate, but also is not conducive to feudal rule. Therefore, there is a disguised statement: as long as there is Confucian virtue and Buddhist kindness, even if there is a picture of disaster, it will gradually become a picture of prosperity.
The wording of numerology is also roughly the same.
Physiology, numerology and science
Man's law is based on the earth, the earth is based on the sky, the sky is based on the Tao, and the Tao is natural.
This is the basic understanding of physiognomy and numerology on the principle of human ecology and the law of fate, and it is also the basic starting point for building their own theoretical skills.
The combination of yin and yang in obtaining time, land and power is called name rectification, and vice versa; This principle of positive fate and negative fate is what they call the "natural" law, that is, the law that restricts the ecology and fate of all things.
Regarding physiognomy, what is the "Yin-Yang Theory" which embodies the "natural law" mentioned by numerology? How to scientifically explain the movement law of "Yin-Yang Qi"? Both ancient people and modern people have made various efforts, but they still can't reach an agreement.
According to the general laws of nature, physiognomy and numerology can explain people's fate, deny the subjective initiative of human beings to change their personal destiny by using laws, and confuse physiology with sociology. However, this outlook on life pays attention to the restriction of the natural laws of the universe on people's destiny and the complex connection between the objective world and the personal destiny trajectory, and tries to reveal this hidden inevitable connection with the natural laws they discovered, which is a mysterious thought with scientific elements.
In order to build their cosmology, that is, the edifice of natural laws, physiognomy and numerology, they use the knowledge of astronomy, geography, calendar, seasons, physics, physiology, medicine and other disciplines as their building materials.
In the eyes of the ancients, all celestial bodies in the universe are contained in the earth's atmosphere, and they are all products of yin and yang:
"The sky is full of gas, and the sun, the moon and the stars are also radiant."
The so-called "the essence of heaven is the sun, the essence of earth is the moon" and "the essence of mountains and rivers is the stars" all have the nature of yin and yang and five elements.
According to the social organization, interpersonal relationship and personnel phenomenon in ancient China, they have the characteristics and functions of attaching to the sun, the moon and the stars, which makes the whole astrological system like a complete and fine political organization in the sky with the emperor as the core, and each constellation also has its own different personnel meanings.
As a result, in astronomy, which belongs to natural science, the remnants of feudal social culture have been softened.
It can be seen that physiognomy and numerology are pseudosciences that combine many sciences and feudal political culture.
Fourth, influence and correct attitude.
leave out
What physiognomy and numerology should carefully shape is the servility that China people obey and are driven by the ruling class, that is, to abandon any unreasonable thoughts in people's minds, and its purpose is to maintain the current social order.
The wind of fate is more about safeguarding the interests of those with vested interests in society. It is a custom to fool the people and is conducive to consolidating the feudal order. This is also the reason why government agencies in feudal society have not banned superstition for thousands of years.
Generally speaking, the innate factors of human beings emphasized by physiognomy and numerology refer to the innate qi of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, but what are the physical and chemical composition and materialization principles of Yin-Yang and Five Elements? Although the fortune teller's thinking is clear, as we mentioned before, it is all due to the ancient people's meditation on the formation of the natural universe. Without strict scientific verification, their microscopic field is still unknown.
The social ethics content in those annexes is artificial, which only reflects the "political way" of the feudal ruling class, not the laws of nature. The principle of life science designed on this basis itself lacks scientific basis. If it is a false premise that is not proved and confused at the meeting, how can we accurately introduce a person's fate trajectory?
There are many laws between physiognomy and numerology, and different numerology books have different opinions.
The meaning of the four pillars in numerology, careful cooperation and so on are also contradictory.
The most fundamental thing is the face. Fatology only talks about "human law and heaven", attributing personal fate to innate numerology, completely denying the role of manpower, and failing to see that human beings consciously apply the natural laws they know to transform the objective world, "man can conquer nature" and dominate their own destiny.
If this is the case, it does not explain the universal law that the strong often achieve high results and the submissive often accomplish nothing in ancient and modern Chinese and foreign history.
Then, since it is pseudoscience, why did it last for nearly 3000 years without interruption? This is closely related to the characteristics of Chinese civilization and the historical development of China.
From the philosophical origin, China has only ancient and medieval philosophies, but not nearly ancient philosophies.
Mr. Feng Youlan believes that the time from Confucius to the king of Huainan is ancient philosophy.
From Dong Zhongshu to Kang Youwei, it was the era of Confucian classics, that is, medieval philosophy.
Since Dong Zhongshu's in-depth development of Huai Nan Zi, the Confucian cosmology model, which is a trinity of natural world, life form, social personnel, homology and synchronous effect, has experienced the development and perfection of generations of philosophers and added many new contents, but its basic spirit still exists and has become the ruling thought throughout the Middle Ages. "The sky remains the same, and the Tao remains the same."
The tree of physiognomy and numerology theory is evergreen, and its technique is naturally flourishing and evergreen for thousands of years.
The longevity of physiognomy and numerology is closely related to the long-term development of ancient science in China.
Due to the agricultural and social restrictions of small-scale peasant economy, the field of scientific research in ancient China was very narrow. Most of his theories are based on the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, insisting on replacing scientific analysis with philosophical views. Natural science and social science are confused, emphasizing the overall grasp of things and subjective understanding, lacking micro-analysis and scientific verification, which makes the theoretical origins of these limited disciplines unclear and casts a layer of metaphysics.
The ancients believed that everything was the product of yin and yang metaplasia and was restricted by the five elements.
The cosmic structure theory of chicken laying eggs and the human body structure theory have always been considered scientific.
As for some specific scientific fields, it is even darker.
Science is a sharp weapon to repel ignorance, and China's metaphysics is a powerful support for physiognomy and numerology.
In ancient China, influenced by the cosmology of the Trinity of Heaven, Earth and Man, there was no strict definition of the nature and characteristics of different things in science. The problems of people who are essentially different from ordinary nature and creatures are often explained by their understanding, and some specious conclusions are often taken as truth.
China's logical reasoning has reached a high level.
Especially in numerology, the reasoning skills about the changes of the principles of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, with its rigorous deduction process and subtle speculation, are a unique skill in China's ancient thoughts, which embodies dialectical thoughts everywhere.
However, logical reasoning can not be separated from correct premises, which come from philosophers' subjective imagination and simple and incomplete induction of the world.
Although the deduction system of physiognomy and numerology is extremely rigorous and impeccable, its major premise is illusory and one-sided, but it is compatible with the seasonal changes and astronomical calendars that the world regards as absolute truth, so the world often only marvels at the truth of its form and ignores the falsehood of its main content.
Like religion, the long-term existence of physiognomy and numerology is related to people's spiritual needs.
People have a strong sense of self and a desire for self-realization. On the one hand, people's development depends on their own abilities, on the other hand, it depends on the conditions provided by the environment. These uncertainties make people's fate mysterious, and they are always eager to know their own fate trajectory, which provides a broad market for physiognomy.
And some people are frustrated in life and career, and they can't see through the mystery, and they will also become believers in fate.
Therefore, from the above, the theory of destiny will not disappear because of the high development of science and the improvement of culture and education. In a social form where an individual has not yet been able to dominate his own destiny, he will change his face and wander in various forms.
Attached:
Constellation division and birthstone
Aries March 21-April 19 Birthstone: diamond.
Taurus April 20-May 20 Birthstone: sapphire.
Gemini may 2 1-June 21birthstone: agate.
Cancer: Birthstone: Pearl
Leo July 23rd-August 22nd Birthstone: Ruby.
Virgo August 23-September 22 Birthstone: red striped agate.
Libra September 23-65438+1October 23 Birthstone: sapphire.
Scorpio 65438+1October 24th-165438+1October 2nd1birthstone: opal.
Sagittarius165438+1October 22nd-65438+February 2nd1Birthstone: topaz.
Capricorn 65438+February 22nd-65438+1October 19 Birthstone: Turkish jade.
Aquarius 65438+1October 20th-February 18 Birthday stone: amethyst.
Pisces February19-March 20 Birthstone: Moonstone, blood.