286. Copy the Book of Songs in lower case, Zhou Song. What did I do? What did I do?
Special defender Chaoyang Shanren
Zhou Song Youyou is a poem in The Book of Songs, the first poetry collection in ancient China. This is a musical song of the Emperor of Zhou who offered sacrifices to his ancestors in the ancestral temple. Written in the ancestral hall of the Zhou Dynasty, many musical instruments were arranged. When all the instruments were ready and the musicians arrived, they began to play together. It was loud and harmonious. The ancestors came to enjoy it, and the guests attending the ceremony listened to all the performances. The whole poem has 13 sentences in one chapter. It describes in detail the composition of the band, the arrangement of musical instruments, the vivid description of music and the grand description of the scene.
Name of the work: Travel in Zhou Song
Alias of the work: You You
Creation year: Western Zhou Dynasty
Source: The Book of Songs
There are flaws, flaws,
In Zhou Zhiting.
Start a business and start a business (3),
Worship tree feathers ④.
Yingtian County Drum [5],
⒝⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠⒠937
Preparation is to play once,
The flute is ready to be raised.
⑼ ⑼ ⑼,
Su Yiwen and Ming ⑽,
The ancestors listened.
I was rude,
The eternal view becomes ⑿. [ 1]
⑴ Zhou Song: The ode in The Book of Songs is divided into Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode. Ode is a musical song to the ancestral temple, which includes not only music but also dance. Zhou Song has thirty-one articles. G incarnation: blind. This refers to the blind musicians in the Zhou Dynasty.
⑵ Courtyard: Courtyard, the vestibule of ancestral temple, should refer to the courtyard of Biyonglou in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
⑶ Industry: The big boards hanging musical instruments on the crossbar are serrated. Kun (jù): a straight wooden frame for hanging chimes, chimes and other musical instruments, which has an industry.
⑷ Tooth worship: The sawtooth carved on the crossbar of ancient musical instrument stands was used to hang musical instruments. Tree feathers: Decorate with feathers. Tree, plug it in.
5] English: drums. Tian: Drum. County (xuán): the original word of "Gua".
(tá o): a vertical drum. One is a drum with two ears and one handle. Qing: A plate percussion instrument made of jade. Zhü: A wooden percussion instrument shaped like a paint bucket. Tap at the beginning of the music. Yi (that is, Yi), a percussion instrument, is shaped like a tiger and has a serrated back. Scrape with a wooden ruler to stop the music.
(7) Yes: Yes. Stand by: it's arranged. Nye: Auxiliary words.
⑻ Xiao: Today's ancient Xiao is made of small bamboo tubes. Pipe: wind instruments, that is, flutes and other musical instruments.
⑼ (Hu) ⑼: The music is loud and harmonious.
⑽ Sue (y ണ y ū ng): The sound is harmonious and soothing.
⑾ (Li): Here we are, coming. Stop: Suffix particles.
⑿ Yong: Eventually, all the time. Cheng: refers to the end of a song; Or one of the pleasures. When I say this, I mean the ceremony is over. Speaking of achievements. [2][3][4][5][6]
Blind musicians line up,
Gathered on the porch of Zhou Miao.
The clock stand and drum stand are well arranged.
Top of colorful feather rack.
There are drums and drums,
The train is ready.
When the instrument is ready to play,
The flute and the pipe play together.
The music is loud,
The solemn and harmonious voice is melodious,
Ancestors and gods to appreciate.
All the guests are here,
I enjoyed the music after it was played. [2][3]
"Zhou Song Youyou" shows the grand occasion of the band playing together when Zhou Wang worships his ancestors. In the political life of the pre-Qin era, music has a particularly important position, and it is often closely related to ceremony. "Rites and Music" says: "The musicians are the sum of heaven and earth; Ceremony is the order of heaven and earth. Harmony, so everything is transformed; Order, so the group is different. Happiness comes from nature, courtesy comes from the ground, and it is chaotic and violent. Heaven and earth are bright, and then coke. " Two years after Yin was destroyed, he died of illness and became a young king. Zhou Gongdan took over the throne. In order to maintain Zhou's rule, a legal system of rites and music was formulated, hoping to show the majesty of conquerors, embody the hierarchical birthright system of slave society and maintain the internal unity of Zhou Dynasty based on the blood clan system. The relationships stipulated in this system of rites and music are extremely strict and cannot be violated or overstepped. This is the legendary ceremony and joy of Duke Zhou in history books. Zhou Song has you is a chapter about happiness. "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "Youyou" was first enjoyed, and it is in the same strain as the ancestors. "Jian Zheng" says: "Wang has made up his mind and finished his ceremony. Those who have fun together will play with all kinds of music. "
The Zhou Dynasty had a system of selecting congenital blind people as music officials. According to Zhou Li Chun Guan Guan Xu, there were 300 performers at that time, including "Meng, 40 in the upper class, 0/00 in the middle class and 60 in the lower class". In addition, "300 people have lost their eyesight", Jia said that "those who have lost their eyesight should be supported by them", that is, people with normal eyesight should be equipped in the band to be assistants of blind musicians. It can be seen that the royal band was still quite large at that time. A Wandering in Zhou Song recorded the spectacular scenes played by the Royal Band. [2][3][4][5]
Zhou Song Youyou is a poem written purely in the process of music, which not only shows the brilliance of the musical achievements of the Zhou Dynasty, but also shows the pious concept that Zhou people can communicate with God because of "happiness from heaven".
The first six sentences of this poem describe the preparation work of blind musicians before playing. They nervously and skillfully placed brackets and transverse plates in the courtyard of Zhou Taizu Temple. These wooden boards used to hang chimes, rocks and various musical drums are carved with exquisite patterns and inserted with five-color feathers, and then the musicians put all kinds of instruments in place in turn. The reason why the poet wants to describe in detail the preparations before the performance and various instrumental facilities is to show the grand occasion of "beginning to have fun" and highlight the orthodox position of the Zhou emperor's destiny, ruling the world and the majesty of the conqueror.
The phrase "ready to play" describes the situation of "combining various musical instruments to play in the ancestral hall". Music in the pre-Qin period was a combination of singing, dancing and instrumental music. Only the six generations of dances in the early Zhou Dynasty, which showed the achievements of Huangdi, Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang and Tang, are obvious examples. "Li Zhou Guan Chun" contains: when offering sacrifices to the gods, play the yellow bell, sing Lu Da and dance "Cloud Gate"; When offering sacrifices to the land, play too many clusters, ring bells and dance "fairy pool"; Looking around, I played Gu Xi, sang South China, and danced "less". When offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, play the role of a guest and ring the bell to dance "Great Summer"; When I first enjoyed it, I played Yi Ze, sang Xiao Lu and danced "Dayun". When offering sacrifices to ancestors, play without shooting, and ring the bell to dance "Da Wu". There are clear rules for performing different songs and dances on different occasions. This poem describes the ritual of offering sacrifices to ancestors, which is obviously a kind of sacrificial dance similar to "Great Martial Arts". According to later records, the scene of "big dance" is quite spectacular. But the poet did not describe the dance scene here, but focused on the performance of the band. In the silent temple, there is a sound of congratulations, bells and drums ringing, flutes ringing and sheng springs alternating, which makes the atmosphere in the temple more dignified and solemn.
The last three sentences of this poem depict the gods of Zhou ancestors coming to the temple by stippling, and Zhou guests enjoying music. Fictitious writing about immortals and real writing about living people, one solid and one virtual, will make beautiful melodious music and slow and harmonious rhythm spread in the air. Just when the immortals and living people in the temple are intoxicated with the music, a crisp and pleasant voice will stop the music and the listener will wake up from his dream.
As a poem expressing "Start to have fun", "Zhou Song Youyou" not only recorded the musical instrument equipment and performance at that time in detail, but also had valuable value in the history of Chinese classical music. This poem not only reflects the historical facts of the ritual and music system in the early Zhou Dynasty, but also has important historical value in the history of China's thoughts and aesthetics. More importantly, this poem still has its artistic charm, because it depicts the ancestral temple music and the psychology of music appreciators in the pre-Qin period with Gu Zhuo's ingenious artistic technique. Although there are only four words, "Always Watch to Be a Complete Success" vividly describes the audience's listening manner, and the music is still in full swing, unaware of the passage of time. In the first two parts of the poem, all kinds of musical instruments, facilities and performances are written with fu method, and the psychology is vividly described with virtual pen. The author's ingenuity can be seen in the details, truth and falsehood, hidden dew and other expressive techniques, which make the boring ancestral temple poems flash nimbly. These factors make this poem occupy its due position in the history of poetry.
Zhou Song's thirty-one poems are all music poems, but only "The Land of Zhou Song" and this one "Zhou Songyou Debate" directly describe the scene of playing music. The poem "Zhou Songzhi Jing", "Bells and drums ring, blessings fall, blessings are simple and simple", although it is also about pleasure, it is also implemented in the specific content of sacrifice and blessing. Only "Zhou Song has you" is almost pure writing pleasure, and the last three sentences are written as "Ancestor" and "I am a Guest", which also points out its "listening" and "viewing", or it comes down to the music itself. It can be seen that this piece of music is all that Zhou Song has you and you want to express, the meaning it contains, and the people present (. Therefore, writing "the pleasure of traveling" in Zhou Song should be a regular ceremony. The Book of Rites: "The Ji Chun Moon ... is the end of the month. It's an auspicious day, and the son of heaven brought three officials and nine ministers and princes and doctors to see it in person. " Gao Feng's "Book of Songs and National Style" thinks that this is the pleasure described in Zhou Song's "Wandering". Judging from the scenes of having fun and their regular meetings, they are generally consistent, but there are also some inconsistencies. First, Gao said, "Yamato Lezong Temple will play all kinds of musical instruments for ancestors and hold a grand concert", while Zheng Xuan said in the note of "Book of Rites and Moon Order" that "Yamato Lezong Temple will help things in the weather, and its ceremony will die. Today, the son is replaced by a big shot, and the county seat is replaced by a rural shooting ceremony. The purpose is vague and specific; Secondly, Gao said that "the king of Zhou and his ministers also came to listen", while "Book of Rites and Monthly Order" said that the emperor led his ministers to see it, and the organizers of the concert were different. In addition, Gao also said, "According to the Book of Rites, the monthly order is held once a year in March". The original text of the Moon Order is "The Moon in Ji Chun". If children are born according to the weekly calendar and 1 1 month is the beginning of a year, "the moon in Ji Chun" is not "March". It can be seen that this is a ceremony to make fun of Youyou, which needs further research. [3][4]
Zhu's Biography of Song Poetry. Preface is a poem of the same strain. The first two sentences are always in order. "(Chinese six sentences)" The word "leaf edge" above. " (the last five sentences) "Ye Ting's words are above. If Xiao Shao is 90% successful. Talking about the latter is like saying that Yu Bin is in power and I have guests, especially Gai. ”[ 1]
[ 1]? Zhu. Biography of the Book of Songs. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. 1987: 156.
[2]? Translated by Wang Xiumei. The Book of Songs (II): Song Ya. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.2015: 760-761.
[3]? Jiang Liangfu et al. edited Dictionary of Pre-Qin Poetry Appreciation. Shanghai: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House. 1998: 670-67 1.
[4]? Zhou Xiaotian. A dictionary of appreciation of Chu Ci in the Book of Songs. Chengdu: Sichuan Dictionary Publishing House. 1990: 853-855.
[5]? Zhou Zhen Fu. Interpretation of the Book of Songs. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.2013: 513-514.
[6]? Li shan interprets it. The Book of Songs (excerpt). Beijing: National Library Press.2017: 367-368.