2005 (Curriculum Reform Zone) Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry Examination Questions

Hunan Province Yiyang City 2005 High School Entrance Examination Chemistry Test Questions - New Course Standards

(Full score is 100 points, test time is 90 minutes)

Possibly used relative atoms quality. H-1 C-12N-14 O-16 S-32 Zn-65

Volume 1

1. Multiple choice questions (2 points for each question; ***44 points . Only one of each question meets the question requirements)

1. On December 26, 2004, a tsunami shocked the world. The following changes that occurred during the tsunami disaster were chemical changes: ( )

A. Trees break b. House collapse c. The rails are rusty D. Road washed out

2. Among the following substances, which one is pure ( )

A. Rare gases separated from the air B. Partially frozen distilled water

C. Pig iron obtained after smelting iron ore D. The residue after heating the reaction of potassium permanganate

3. The uses of the following substances use properties that are fundamentally different from the other three: ( )

A. Hydrogen is used to fill balloons B. Dry ice is used for artificial rainfall

C. Magnesium powder is used in fireworks and flares D. Copper wire is used as electrical wire

4. Which of the following statements lacks scientific basis is ( )

A. Metal can resist corrosion B. Seawater can be desalinated

C. Wastewater can be used D. Fresh water can turn into oil

5. The following is the corresponding relationship between air pollution index, quality level and quality status:

Air pollution index 0--50 51-100 101-200 201--300 >300

Air quality In excellent condition. Mild pollution, moderate pollution, severe pollution

Air quality levels I Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ V

On June 3, 2005, the air pollution index in Yiyang urban area was 82 to 93. According to Based on the above information, the air quality levels and air quality conditions in Yiyang urban area on that day are determined to be ( )

A. Grade I excellent B. Grade II good C. Level III mild pollution D. Level V severe pollution

6. The Kyoto Protocol officially came into effect on February 16, 2005. Its core content is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to control global climate warming. The main gas causing the greenhouse effect is ( )

A. carbon dioxide b. Oxygen c. Nitrogen D. Hydrogen

7. The main mineral components and contents printed on the label of a certain mineral water are as follows (unit mg/L): Ca-20, K~3, Zn-0.06, F~0.02, etc. Here Ca, K, Zn and F refer to ( )

A. Element B. Atom c. Elemental substance D. Ions

8. When burning firewood, it is usually better to put the firewood in a higher position so that it can burn more vigorously. This is because ( )

A. The speed of heat dissipation is accelerated B. The accumulated heat increases

C. The ignition point of firewood is reduced D. The contact area between firewood and air increases

9. Which of the following chemical equations is more accurate ( )

A. Iron filings dissolve in dilute sulfuric acid: 2Fe+3H2SO4==Fe2(SO4)3+3H2↑

B. Table salt is dissolved in potassium nitrate solution: NaCl+KNO3==NaNO3+KCl

c. Charcoal burns in insufficient oxygen: 2C+O2 2C0

D. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide:

10. Setting off firecrackers can easily cause harm to people and the environment. The Yiyang Municipal Government has already issued a ban on setting off firecrackers in the urban area. As middle school students, in addition to taking the lead in complying, we must also do a good job in publicity and explanation.

The sign prohibiting setting off firecrackers is ( )

11. When a solute is dissolved in water, the solution formed will not change ( )

A. Boiling point b. Conductivity c. color d. The composition of water molecules

12. The following table shows the colors displayed by a certain acid-base indicator in different pH ranges:

Color Red Orange Green Blue Purple

PH range 1～3. 4～5 6～7 8～10 1 1～14

To dilute hydrochloric acid with a small amount of the indicator, add sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop, the color change will be ( )

A. From red to blue B. From green to orange C. From blue to green D. From purple to red

13. The picture on the right is part of the description on the packaging bag of a fertilizer produced by a fertilizer factory. This fertilizer belongs to ( )

A. Nitrogen fertilizer b. Phosphate fertilizer C. Potassium fertilizer. D. Compound fertilizer

14. Some scientists predict that hydrogen energy will become the main energy source in the 21st century. However, in addition to solving the energy consumption problem of preparing hydrogen, other problems that must be solved are

A. Raw materials are restricted b. Cause environmental pollution

C. Inconvenient storage and transportation D. Hydrogen combustion releases less heat

15. Yiyang Songhua Preserved Eggs are famous throughout the country and exported to Southeast Asian countries. The ingredients used include soda ash, salt, quicklime, plant ash (containing potassium carbonate), boiling water, and auxiliary materials such as rice bran and rice husk. Between the ingredients, quicklime reacts with water to produce hydrated lime. Try to deduce that the other most likely chemical reaction is ( )

A. Combination reaction b. Decomposition reaction C. Metathesis reaction D. Displacement reaction

16. There are four medicine cabinets in a laboratory that store the following medicines:

Medicine cupboard A, B, C and D

Drug zinc, copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid

Iron , magnesium sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, dilute sulfuric acid

The laboratory purchased two bottles of anhydrous calcium chloride, which should be placed in ( )

A. A cupboard B. B cupboard C. Bing cupboard D. Ding Cupboard

17. Under the following circumstances, the cast iron pipes buried underground will corrode the fastest: ( )

A. In moist, dense soil B. In dry, dense soil

C. In moist, loose soil D. In dry, loose soil

18. June 5th every year is World Environment Day. The theme of China's World Environment Day in 2005 is: everyone participates in creating a green home.

The following practices are not in line with this theme ( )

A. Return farmland to forest B. Extensive use of disposable foam plastic tableware

C. Use phosphorus-free detergent D. The use of briquette stoves is prohibited

19. Without using an acid-base indicator, if you want to remove a small amount of hydrochloric acid from a calcium chloride solution to obtain a pure calcium chloride solution, the most suitable reagent to use is ( )

A. Silver nitrate solution B. Clarified lime water

C. Quicklime powder D. Calcium carbonate powder

20. A limestone is calcined to produce quicklime in a lime plant. If 1 008 t of quicklime is produced, the mass of limestone containing 90% calcium carbonate is required (relative atomic mass: Ca-40 C-12O-16) ( )

A ． 1 620 t B. 1 800 t C. 1 900 t D. 2000 t

21. According to the solubility curve on the right, which of the following statements is incorrect ( )

A. At t1℃, the solubility of substance A is less than the solubility of substance B

B. At t2℃, the masses of substances A and B in the saturated solution of substances A and B are equal

c. When the saturated solution of substances A and B at t3℃ is cooled to t2℃, crystals will precipitate

D. When substance A is mixed with a small amount of substance B, the method of cooling the hot saturated solution can be used to purify substance A

22. In May 2005, a batch of Warring States bronzes were unearthed from Huxing Mountain in Ziyang District, Yiyang City. In fact, Our country was able to produce exquisite bronzes as early as the Shang Dynasty, and was able to smelt iron and steel by the Warring States Period. The chronological sequence of human development and utilization of the following metal elements has some internal connection with the activity of the metal. It can be inferred from this that the order in which humans developed and utilized the following metals from first to last is ( )

A. Cu Fe Al Zn B. Cu Zn Fe Al

C. Cu Fe Zn Al D. Al Zn Fe Cu

Volume II

2. Fill in the blanks (***20 points for this question)

23. Please write the following chemical symbols:

(1) Three nitrogen molecules (2) Two magnesium ions

24. The chemical formula of the compound formed by the most abundant element in the human body and the most abundant metal element in the earth's crust is .

25． Ampicillin is a common anti-inflammatory drug. The chemical formula of its main component, ampicillin, is C16H19N3O4S·3H2O, which contains three elements.

26. Chemistry is closely related to human health. Some important nutrients, such as sugars, starches, oils, proteins, vitamins, etc., are of great significance to human life activities. As a middle school student who is in a critical period of physical growth and development, he cannot be picky or picky about his food. He must consume adequate and balanced nutrition every day.

(1) A certain classmate usually skips meals and only eats vegetables. As a result, he develops symptoms such as weakness, fatigue and even coma. The nutrients he lacks are: During the physical examination, it was found that the protein intake was insufficient. If you were a doctor, what foods would you recommend he should eat more of in his daily diet (please fill in any one).

27． When the laboratory was cleaning up the experimental drugs, it found two bottles of colorless solutions that had lost their labels. They only knew that they were Na2CO3 solution and BaCl2 solution. Two chemical methods were used to identify them (just write down the chemical formula or name of the reagents used for identification). :(1);(2).

28. Last year, an avian influenza epidemic occurred in Yuejiaqiao Town, Heshan District, our city. In order to prevent the spread of the epidemic, in addition to rapid isolation, virus-infected poultry houses and tools were also disinfected.

One kind of disinfectant used in disinfection is potassium permanganate (KMnO4), which belongs to (fill in "oxide", "acid", "alkali" or "salt"), in which the valency of manganese element is .

29. The basic principles of water purifiers commonly used in schools, homes, and offices can be represented by the simple water purification device shown on the right. The functions of the stones, fine sand, etc. used are to adsorb.

30. According to the "West-East Gas Pipeline" plan, natural gas pipelines are being laid in the urban area of ​​Yiyang City, and residents will soon have access to natural gas. Natural gas is a colorless and odorless gas with a density less than that of air. After natural gas leaks, it is easy to explode when exposed to fire or static electricity. When transporting natural gas, a gas (mercaptan) with a strong pungent smell is mixed into it.

(1) The main component of natural gas is CH4, which belongs to (fill in "organic matter" or "inorganic matter");

(2) The purpose of mixing sulfuric acid into the transported natural gas Yes;

(3) When natural gas leaks occur indoors, you must immediately close the valve and open windows for ventilation. What you must not do is (fill in any one).

31. A, B, C, and D are common compounds, and A contains potassium. The reaction relationship between them is as follows:

①2A+B==C+2H2O ②C+D==Ba2SO4↓+2A

③D+CuSO4==BaSO4↓+Cu(OH) 2↓

Based on the above information, infer the chemical formulas of the two substances A and B: A, B; write the chemical equation of reaction ②: .

32. Two pieces of metal A and B with equal masses are put into a sufficient amount of dilute hydrochloric acid with the same solute mass fraction. The relationship between the mass of hydrogen generated (m) and the reaction time (t) is as shown in the figure on the right (A, B in the product BThe two elements have the same valence). By analyzing the picture on the right, the information that can be obtained is (write any two):

(1)

(2)

3. Short answer questions (this question* **10 points)

33. On the evening of March 29, 2005, a traffic accident occurred in the Huai'an section of Jiangsu Province on the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway, where two trucks collided, resulting in a large amount of liquid chlorine (Cl2) in the tank truck. The leakage caused serious casualties to villagers in three towns next to the highway. A large amount of yellow-green gas could be seen in the sky at the accident site, and a pungent smell could be smelled. Firefighters wore gas masks and protective clothing and used high-pressure water cannons to spray water and alkali into the sky and chlorine settled on the ground to eliminate Cl2 pollution and damage.

(1) Based on the above information, please summarize the physical properties of chlorine gas (Cl2):

(2) During rescue, Ca(OH)2 solution can be sprayed to absorb chlorine gas. The chemical equation of the known reaction is

2Cl2+2Ca(0H)2==X+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O, then the chemical formula of X is .

(3) Please tell the villagers around the scene a measure to protect themselves.

34. After the high school entrance examination is over, you will graduate from junior high school. When you leave your alma mater, you want to leave one last good impression. Take good care of every plant and tree in the school and don't throw anything away... Suppose you clean out the following items when you are sorting out your own things:

A. Wasted homework books, B. Rotten apple, C. Cans, D. Moldy biscuits, E. Rusty nails.

(1) What should you put in the "recyclable trash can" (fill in the serial number);

(2) You use hydrochloric acid to remove the rust on the nails (the main component is Fe2O3) to reuse, please write the chemical equation for rust removal.

(3) Please write a sentence to advise students in other grades to take care of the school environment.

35. Materials science has become one of the hottest cutting-edge disciplines in the world today.

Materials are generally divided into metallic materials, inorganic non-metallic materials, synthetic materials and composite materials. On March 28, 2005, the first prize of the National Technology Invention Award, which had been vacant for 6 consecutive years, was awarded to the research group led by Huang Boyun, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and President of Central South University, because they invented "preparation of high-performance carbon/carbon aviation brake materials" technology". Huang Boyun is a native of Nan County, Yiyang City. After 20 years and more than 7,000 days and nights of hard work, Huang Boyun and his innovation team finally succeeded after countless failures. They not only broke the monopoly and technological blockade of Europe and the United States, And the performance is better.

(1) The two words "carbon" in "carbon, carbon aviation brake material" represent two different carbon-containing materials, and the aviation brake material produced thereby belongs to the material.

(2) The extensive use of synthetic materials has advantages and disadvantages. Please write down any of the advantages and disadvantages. Advantages, Disadvantages.

(3) From Huang Boyun’s deeds, what do you think about scientific inquiry?

IV. Experimental questions (***16 points for this question)

36. After one year of studying chemistry, you have mastered the relevant rules for producing gases in the laboratory. Please answer the questions based on the following device diagram. (Friendly reminder: Fill in the device code for the selected devices below)

(1) Write the name of the specified instrument in the picture; ①; ②. .

(2) Two devices should be connected when making changes and collecting CO2 in the laboratory. The chemical equation of the reaction is. The method to check whether the CO2 in the gas collecting bottle is full is

(3) When using KMn04 to produce O2 in the laboratory, the optional generating device is, and the E device is used to collect O2 at the same time. The operating sequence when the experiment is stopped is.

(4) If device c is used to collect a certain gas, the properties that the gas should have are .

37． An exploratory learning group at a certain school discovered that after thermal decomposition of copper green [Cu(OH)2CO3], in addition to generating CO2 and water vapor, there were also some black powdery solids in the test tube. They investigated experimentally, analyzing the composition of the black solid and verifying the gas produced. Please fill in the blanks:

(1) Ask the question: What is the black solid?

(2) Conjecture and hypothesis: The black group may be: a. Carbon powder b. Copper oxide c. .

(3) Check the information: Both carbon powder and copper oxide are black solids. Carbon powder does not react with dilute acid and is not soluble in dilute acid, while copper oxide can react with dilute acid and dissolve.

(4) Design the experimental plan: Drop a sufficient amount of (fill in the chemical formula) solution into the black body in the test tube. After full reaction, observe the dissolution of the solid and the color of the resulting solution.

(5>Phenomena and conclusion: If conjecture a is correct, then the phenomenon is; if the phenomenon is, then conjecture b is correct; if the phenomenon is, then conjecture c is true.

(6 ) If the device on the right is used to verify the two gas products, the generated mixed gas should be passed through the device first. What will be the impact otherwise? When passing the gas into device A for verification, the air flow should be passed through.

5. Calculation questions (***10 points for this question)

38. Sudan red is a synthetic red dye. The latest research shows that its metabolites in the body are highly mutagenic and carcinogenic. Safety, the country is strictly inspecting foods containing Sudan red. The most common known chemical formula of Sudan red is C16H12NO. Try to calculate:

(1) The relative molecular mass of Sudan red;

(2) The mass ratio of each element in Sudan Red;

(3) The mass fraction of nitrogen in Sudan Red

39. 74.2g of dilute H2SO4 reacts completely, producing 0.2g of hydrogen.

Find:

(1) The solute mass fraction of the solution obtained after the reaction;

(2) The laboratory currently has 20 g of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid. How many grams of water are needed to prepare it? . 19.6% dilute sulfuric acid?

Chemistry answers in Yiyang City, Hunan Province

1. C 2． B 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 1 1. D

12. A 13. A 14. . C 15. C 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D

21. B 22. C

23． (1)3N2 (2)2Mg2+ 24. Al2O3 25．5

26． (1) Sugar (or starch) (2) Fish, meat, eggs, soy products, etc.

27. Phenolphthalein, litmus, dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl), lime water [Ca(OH)2], soda ash solution (Na2C03), etc.

28. Salt +7 29. Filter activated carbon

30. (1) Organic matter (2) Conducive to timely detection and treatment of leaks (3) Turning on lights, making phone calls, igniting, taking off clothes, hitting or rubbing metal, etc.

31. A—KOH B-H2S04 K2SO4+Ba(OH)2＝＝BaSO4↓+2KOH

32. ①B is more active than A, ②A and B are completely reacted, ③A releases more H2 than B, ④B releases H2 faster than A, ⑤When time is t1, B produces more H2 than A, ⑥The relative atomic mass of A is less than The relative atomic mass of B.

33． (1) Gases that are yellow-green, toxic, irritating, denser than air, and soluble in water (fill in at least two)

(2)CaCl2 (3) Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel , quickly left the scene.

34. (1) A, C, E (2) Fe203+6HCl==2FeCl3+3H2O (3) It is everyone’s responsibility to care for the environment; care for our common home; grass also has life, please do not trample on it.

35. (1) Composite (2) Advantages: lightweight; difficult to corrode; low cost; high strength; good insulation. Disadvantages: white pollution; harmful to health. (3) Failure is the mother of success; persistence is victory; we must have an innovative spirit; we must carry forward team spirit; only by hard work can we succeed; face difficulties and bravely climb the peak of science and technology.

36． (1.)①Long-necked funnel②Sink

(2)BD CaCO3+2HCl==CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑ Put the burning wooden stick into the mouth of the gas collecting bottle to see if it goes out quickly. (3) A. Move the air tube out of the water first, then remove the alcohol lamp to stop heating.

(4) The density is smaller than that of air and does not react with substances in the air.

37. (2) A mixture of carbon powder and copper oxide (4) H2SO4 (HCl and HNO3 are also acceptable) (5) The black solid is not dissolved and the solution is colorless; the black solid is completely dissolved and the solution is blue; the black solid is partially dissolved and the solution is colorless It's blue. (6)B will interfere with the verification of water vapor in the mixed gas a

38. Solution: (1) Relative molecular mass of Sudan Red = 12×16+l×12+14×2+16=248

(2) Mass ratio C:H:N:0=(12× 16): (1 × 12): (14 × 2): 16=48: 3: 7: 4

(3) Mass fraction of nitrogen = 11.3%

Answer: (I) The relative molecular mass of Sudan Red is 248;

(2) The mass ratio of the four elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen in Sudan Red is 48:3:7:4;

(3) The mass fraction of nitrogen in Sudan Red is 11.3%.

39． Solution: (1) Assume the mass of Zn in the alloy is x, and the mass of ZnSO4 in the resulting solution is y

x=6.5 g y=16.1 g

The resulting ZnSO4 solution Mass fraction of solute = 20%

(2) Suppose the mass of water required is z, then

20 g × 9.8% = (z + 20 g) × 19.6% Z=80 g

Answer: (1) The solute mass fraction of the solution obtained is 20%.

(2) 80 g water is required.