202 1 What achievements have China made in its space launch?

The latest achievements of China's space industry in 20021were displayed at the press conference of the Blue Book of China's Space Science and Technology Activities (202 1) recently held by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, and the "task list" of China's space industry in 2022 was revealed. The achievements and new plans that have attracted worldwide attention are encouraging.

Zhu Rong explores fire, xi He explores stars day by day, Heaven and Earth ... In 202 1 year, China Aerospace wrote "Romance of China" in space, which broke through 50 launches for the first time in the whole year, and the Long March launch vehicle achieved a new leap of 400 launches. Major breakthroughs have been made in manned space flight, lunar and deep space exploration, satellite applications and scientific and technological experiments. At the same time, a relatively perfect satellite application system has been built, which has produced remarkable social and economic benefits.

Exploring the vast universe, developing the space industry and building a space power are our unremitting pursuit of the space dream. In 2022, China's space relay will start the "super mode", the manned space project will carry out six launch missions, the space station will be fully completed, and the Long March 6A launch vehicle will make its first flight ... The pace of exploring space will be greater and farther, engraving the new era elevation of China's space development.

Space launch activities have reached a record high, and many major space projects in China are progressing smoothly.

In 20021year, China's space launch activities continued to set a new record. 55 launch missions were carried out throughout the year, ranking first in the world in the number of launches; 1 15 spacecraft was launched, and the total mass of the launched spacecraft reached a new high, reaching 19 1. 19 tons, up by 85.5% year-on-year. Among them, the Long March series of launch vehicles completed 48 launch missions, all of which were successful, ranking first among the world's space enterprises.

During the year, the Long March series of launch vehicles have been successfully launched 75 times in a row, and they have the ability to launch different kinds of loads in different orbits at low, medium and high altitudes, and their carrying capacity, reliability and success rate are among the highest in the world.

How big is the thrust of the launch vehicle, how big is the stage for space exploration. The successful launch of the Long March 7 A carrier rocket has filled the gap in China's high-orbit carrying capacity of 5.5 tons to 7 tons, and it has the launching capability of zero-inclination orbit satellites, lunar exploration, fire detection and asteroid exploration.

In addition, the key core technologies of heavy-duty launch vehicle engines have also made a comprehensive breakthrough: the semi-system test of 500-ton liquid oxygen kerosene rocket engine was successful in all working conditions, the first engineering prototype of 220-ton hydrogen-oxygen engine with supplementary combustion cycle was successfully developed, and the first thrust chamber extrusion test of the upper-stage 25-ton expander cycle hydrogen-oxygen engine was successfully completed ... These comprehensive performance indicators of research and development motives have reached the world advanced level, which can meet the power demand of major space missions in the future.

Heaven goes to earth, and each shows his magic power. Successfully verified the landing technology of booster and fairing with umbrella, solved the problem of structural disintegration during the re-entry of the fairing into the atmosphere, and realized the landing of the fairing of China launch vehicle with umbrella for the first time, which laid a solid foundation for the subsequent accurate control of the landing area of the fairing and greatly improved the landing safety.

In terms of spacecraft development activities, the number of spacecraft developed and launched in the whole year ranks second in the world. Major breakthroughs have been made in manned space flight, lunar and deep space exploration, satellite applications and scientific and technological experiments.

-The verification stage of key technologies of the space station has been basically completed. During the year, five launch missions were a complete success. Among them, the Tianhe core module was successfully launched at the end of April last year, and the on-orbit assembly and construction of the space station was fully launched. The first astronauts of the space station, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo, entered orbit for three months and returned safely. At present, the second batch of astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu have been stationed for six months.

-The Mars exploration mission can realize "circling, walking and patrolling" at one time. China's first Mars exploration mission was a complete success.

-Tiantong-1, a mobile communication satellite, has realized the networking of Samsung. Tiantong-1 03 satellite was successfully launched, and it was networked with the on-orbit Tiantong-1 0 1 02 satellite to build China's first satellite mobile communication system, which achieved coverage in the Asia-Pacific region.

Tianlian-1 -05 was successfully launched. The global networking operation of this satellite and the in-orbit Tianlian satellite marks the successful conclusion of the first generation of data relay series satellites. Skylink satellite system makes China the second country with global coverage, providing space-based TT&C and data relay services for manned space system, medium and low orbit spacecraft and launch vehicle.

-Fengyun-3 E star and Fengyun-4 B star were successfully launched. The launch and operational operation of Fengyun-3 E-Star has filled the gap of global atmospheric sounding information in the morning and evening, achieved the coverage of global observation data 100%, and effectively improved the accuracy and timeliness of global numerical weather forecast. The successfully launched Fengyun-4 B satellite has a visible light resolution of 250 meters, ranking first in the global geostationary meteorological satellite resolution, and is the first operational star of a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites.

-Ocean II D star was successfully launched. This satellite runs in orbit with B and C satellites of Ocean II, marking the completion of China Ocean Dynamic Environment Satellite Constellation, forming an all-weather, all-day and high-frequency ocean dynamic environment monitoring system.

-----------the first. The application of xi he has realized the first international space exploration of solar Hα-band spectral imaging, filled the gap of high-quality observation data in the source area of solar burst, and improved the research ability of human beings in the field of solar physics. In addition, He applied the maglev technology to the on-orbit operation for the first time, and carried out the on-orbit flight test of ultra-high pointing accuracy and ultra-high stability platform for the first time.

-The Gwangju Earth Science Satellite was successfully launched. The satellite became the first scientific satellite dedicated to the UN sustainable development agenda in 2030. It can detect the energy consumption, human settlement pattern and offshore coastal environment in areas with strong human activities in detail, and provide data support for sustainable development indicators representing the interaction between man and nature.

In addition, in 20021year, the number of commercial satellite research institutions in China continued to grow, and commercial aerospace basically formed the layout of the main industrial chain. Companies such as Aerospace Dongfanghong, Crimson Dongfanghong, Microsatellite of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changguang Satellite, Tianyi Research Institute, Ayers Aerospace, Space-time Fish Road, etc. have developed and launched 36 commercial satellites, and their application fields have been continuously expanded, covering communication, remote sensing, technical experiments, space science and other aspects.

Build a relatively perfect satellite application system, so that space technology can better serve people's livelihood and the development and construction of the national economy.

Communication and broadcasting services: Zhongxing 9B satellite has designed a high-power synthetic transponder for transmitting 4K, 8K high-definition and ultra-high-definition video programs, providing high-quality live broadcast, relay and transmission services for large-scale events or sports events such as the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. At the same time, China Communication Satellite also provides safe, efficient and cross-regional communication connection services for domestic and foreign users. China's first low-orbit broadband satellite and 5G private network integration test related technologies can be applied to polar scientific research, deep sea and ocean exploration and other scenarios to provide broadband wireless communication guarantee.

Land and resources service: China remote sensing satellite technology deeply serves the land and resources management business, and its application scope, scale and depth are constantly expanding. It has achieved effective coverage of about 90% of the country's land in 2m resolution quarter and sub-meter resolution year, with the capability of1:100000 spatial stereo mapping and hyperspectral detection, and has become an important technology for mapping geographic information, spatial planning, geological exploration, supervision and law enforcement. Satellite data * * * enjoys a large scale, and 3/kloc-0 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have established provincial-level natural resources satellite application technology centers.

Marine resources service: China has developed a series of marine color, ocean power and ocean monitoring satellites, and the operational capability of ocean observation satellites has basically taken shape. The application of marine remote sensing data is constantly enriched, which has played an irreplaceable role in marine disaster prevention and mitigation, early warning and forecasting, environmental monitoring and protection, fishing and other fields, and achieved remarkable economic benefits.

Meteorological observation service: After more than 50 years' development, China Meteorological Satellite has successfully launched 19 Fengyun meteorological satellites. At present, there are eight meteorological satellites working in orbit, forming two serialized and operational comprehensive observation constellations of polar orbit and static state, which have the ability to detect the atmosphere and the earth's multi-layer system in a refined and comprehensive way.

Transportation services: In the field of road traffic, Beidou system helps to improve intelligent transportation, with more than 7 million road operating vehicles installed and used, and China has built the world's largest dynamic monitoring system for operating vehicles. In the field of waterway transportation, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Tianjin, Rizhao and other places comprehensively use Beidou system, 5G communication and other technical means to build automated terminals, realize centimeter-level precision operation, and promote the intelligent transformation of ports. In the field of civil aviation, China's fleet is connected to the high-speed Internet, which has laid a foundation for promoting the large-scale application of civil aviation passenger aircraft networking. In intelligent transportation, the application of Beidou +5G+ technology has made a breakthrough in autonomous driving technology. Intelligent automatic driving in Shougang Park of Beijing Winter Olympics comprehensively uses Beidou, 5G, AI and other technologies, which can meet the continuous and high-precision positioning requirements of vehicles at 0. 1 meter, realize the automatic driving and automatic parking of automatic minibuses in Shougang Park, and realize the demonstration operation of unmanned ferry, unmanned retail, unmanned delivery and other 10 business scenarios.

Emergency management services: China Aerospace has played an important role in natural disasters and emergencies. In 20021year, China Earth Observation Satellite arranged 3,677 emergency images for 14 1 natural disasters and major emergency events at home and abroad, and enjoyed 3,8571emergency data. China has built the Beidou comprehensive disaster reduction and relief application system, which has realized the effective dynamic remote monitoring of a national emergency rescue map. According to the deployment of the three-level platform of "Ministry, province and city (county)", it has been applied in more than 45,000 Beidou terminals nationwide 10 provinces.

In addition, China Aerospace has also made outstanding achievements in ecological environment services, agricultural production services, education and training services, power industry services and international cooperation.

In 2022, the major tasks of the space station were promoted in an orderly manner, and the launch vehicle created many firsts, and China Aerospace continued to write new glories.

In 2022, China's space launch and development work will continue to start "super mode" and run at a high level. The annual model scientific research and production tasks present three characteristics:

-The number of launches and flight tests remains high. It is planned to arrange more than 50 space launch missions and launch more than 140 spacecraft.

-major engineering tasks are very arduous and have great influence. Building a space station is an important pilot project to build a powerful country in science, technology and space, and it is also the top priority of the annual space mission. The manned spaceflight project carried out six launch missions throughout the year, and built a space station with Tianhe core module as the control center and candlestick and dream experimental module as the main experimental platform. The first six-spacecraft combined flight will be realized, with the first astronaut staying for six months and the first two crew astronauts in orbit at the same time. Long March 6A launch vehicle and multi-type commercial launch vehicle will make their first flight.

In addition, a number of national civil space infrastructure research satellites and operational satellites will be launched to meet the application needs of users in natural resources, ecological environment, forestry and grassland, emergency rescue, meteorology, radio and television. The annual launch plan also includes many commercial launch missions such as Beijing -3 B satellite and satellite constellation 03.

-R&D tasks continue to maintain high intensity, and it is more difficult to tackle key technologies. In 2022, we will focus on the development of several models represented by the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project and asteroid detectors, and promote satellite applications to actively serve the national strategic goals. Create an industrial form of "aerospace+informationization+",speed up the construction of a comprehensive information service system for high-orbit satellite Internet, and build a comprehensive satellite remote sensing operation service system integrating civil and commercial services. Beidou application extends to system integration and value-added services.

In the face of arduous research and development tasks and tackling key scientific and technological problems, China astronauts will further carry forward the space spirit, enhance their historical self-confidence, shoulder the heavy historical responsibility, start a new journey of higher quality, higher efficiency and more effective development, and push China people to explore space steadily and far-reaching, and continue to write a new chapter.