How many traditional festivals are there in China every year after 1949? How many national holidays are there?
Time:1February 30th, the last day of the Lunar New Year, is a symbol of major traditional festivals.
Abortion is 29 years old, and every big month is 30 years old.
Explanation:
New Year's Eve is called New Year's Eve. In addition, the original meaning is "go" and it is extended to "easy"; The original meaning of the word "evening" is "sunset" and it is extended to "night". So New Year's Eve means "farewell to the old and welcome the new", which means "farewell to the old and welcome the new".
Origin:
New Year's Eve originated from the "expulsion" in the pre-Qin period. According to Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Dong Jiji, the ancients beat drums to drive away the "plague god" the day before the New Year, and there will be no disease or disaster in the coming year.
Nickname:
In ancient times, "New Year's Eve" had other names, such as "except night, no night, except year, except year, all year round". Although there are many names, they always mean to send the old to welcome the new and eliminate disasters and diseases. New Year's Eve, or "New Year's Eve". It refers to the night before the first day of the first lunar month in China and other parts of the Han cultural circle. Generally speaking, this day is a day for people to eat, drink and be merry.
the Spring Festival; Chinese New Year
Time: the first day of the first lunar month to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
L 1: Spring Festival
Explanation:
Spring Festival is the first year of the lunar calendar, commonly known as "New Year's Day", also known as "New Year's Day".
Origin:
The origin of the Spring Festival has a history of about 4000 years in China. This is the most lively and grand traditional festival in China. The ancient Spring Festival refers to the "beginning of spring" season in the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar. It was not until the Southern and Northern Dynasties that the Spring Festival was changed to the end of the year, generally referring to the whole spring. At this time, spring returns to the earth and everything is renewed. People regard it as the beginning of a new year. In the early years of the Republic of China after the Revolution of 1911, after the lunar calendar was changed to the Gregorian calendar, the first day of the first month was designated as the Spring Festival. It was not until1September 27th, 949 that the China People's Political Consultative Conference officially designated the New Year from the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month as the "Spring Festival", so many people still called it the Spring Festival.
Applicable area:
The Spring Festival is the most important festival of the Han nationality, but more than a dozen ethnic minorities, such as Manchu, Mongolian, Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong and Li, have also had the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival has its own national characteristics and is more meaningful.
Custom:
Set off firecrackers and paste Spring Festival couplets to eat jiaozi in the New Year.
the Lantern Festival
Time: the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
English: Lantern Festival
Explanation:
This is an important traditional festival in China. The fifteenth day of the first month is the night of the first full moon in a year and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. On the night of the Spring Festival, people celebrate it and celebrate the continuation of the Spring Festival, so it is also called "Shangyuan Festival", that is, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. In ancient books, this day is called Shangyuan, and its night is called Yuanye, Yuanxi or Yuanxiao. The name Yuanxiao has been used ever since.
Customs Because of the custom of putting lanterns and watching lanterns in the Lantern Festival, people also call it the Lantern Festival. In addition, there are customs such as eating Yuanxiao, walking on stilts, solve riddles on the lanterns, dragon dancing, flower viewing lanterns, lion dancing, watching big-head monk dance's Liu Cui Opera, boating, flower viewing and tea serving. In Gaoyou, Jiangsu, there is a custom of looking at the screen.
Qingming Festival
Time: April 5, Gregorian calendar
English: Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Explanation:
Tomb-Sweeping Day is the most important festival in China, and it is the most suitable day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Grave-sweeping is commonly known as going to the grave and offering sacrifices to the dead. Most Han people and some ethnic minorities visit graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Custom:
According to the old custom, when sweeping graves, people should bring food, wine, fruit, paper money and other items to the cemetery, offer food to the graves of their loved ones, then burn the paper money, cultivate new soil for the graves, break some green branches and insert them in front of the graves, then kowtow and worship, and finally go home after eating and drinking. The poem Qingming written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "There are many rains during the Qingming period, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " Write about the special atmosphere in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the outing festival, according to the solar calendar, between April 4th and 6th every year, it is the season of beautiful spring and lush vegetation, and it is also a good time for people to have a spring outing, so the ancients had the custom of going for an outing in Qingming and carrying out a series of sports activities.
Dragon Boat Festival
Time: the fifth day of the fifth lunar month
English: Dragon Boat Festival
Explanation:
The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, which is an ancient traditional festival in China. The real name of "Dragon Boat Festival" is "Dragon Boat Festival", which means the beginning. Because people think that May is an evil month and the fifth day is an evil day, they avoid May and change it to Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon Boat Festival was recorded as early as the early Western Zhou Dynasty. This is not a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan, but some customs after the Dragon Boat Festival have been influenced by Qu Yuan.
Custom:
Dragon Boat Race: At that time, Chu people couldn't bear the death of the sage Qu Yuan, so many people rowed to save people. They rushed to catch up, but when they arrived at Dongting Lake, there was no trace, because that was the origin of dragon boat racing, and then they rowed dragon boats on May 5 every year to commemorate it. Rowing a dragon boat to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan's body. The habit of competition prevailed in wuyue and Chu. Dragon Boat Race started in Taiwan Province Province in the 29th year of Qing Qianlong. At that time, Jiang, the chief executive of Taiwan Province Province, held a friendly match in Hexi Half Moon Pool in Tainan City. Now, Taiwan Province Province holds a dragon boat race on May 5th every year. There are boat races in Hong Kong. Recently, the British followed the example of China, organized ghost teams and held competitions.
Eating zongzi: On May 5th, people in Jingchu boiled glutinous rice or steamed zongzi cakes and threw them into the river to offer sacrifices to Qu Yuan, so they threw them in bamboo tubes for fear of fish eating them. Later, they gradually wrapped rice with zongzi leaves instead of bamboo tubes.
Drinking realgar wine: This custom is very popular among people in the Yangtze River valley.
Wandering all diseases: This custom prevails in the Dragon Boat Festival custom in Guizhou.
Wearing sachets: Children wear sachets during the Dragon Boat Festival, which not only means to ward off evil spirits and drive away epidemics, but also has decorative styles on the front. The sachet contains cinnabar, realgar and fragrant medicine, and it is wrapped in silk cloth, and the fragrance is overflowing: then it is tied into a rope with five-color silk threads, and made into strings of various shapes, which are exquisite and dazzling.
Mid-Autumn Festival
Time: August 15th of the lunar calendar.
English: Mid-Autumn Festival
Source:
August 15th of the lunar calendar is in the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn Festival. In the evening, the full moon in Gui Xiang is regarded as a symbol of happy reunion by the old customs. This is a festival to prepare all kinds of fruits and cooked food to enjoy the moon. Eat moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival. Legend has it that at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to overthrow the brutal rule of the Yuan Dynasty, the broad masses of the people wrote the date of the uprising on a piece of paper, put it in the stuffing of moon cakes, and secretly passed it on to each other, calling on everyone to revolt on August 15. Finally, a nationwide peasant uprising broke out on this day and overthrew the decadent Yuan Dynasty. Since then, the custom of eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival has spread more widely.
Custom:
On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, people will prepare all kinds of fruits, candied fruit, cooked food and moon cakes to enjoy the moon in the yard.
Double Ninth Festival
Time: the ninth day of the ninth lunar month
Explanation:
The Double Ninth Festival on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month is a traditional Double Ninth Festival, also known as the "Old People's Day". Because the Book of Changes defines "six" as the yin number and "nine" as the yang number, on September 9, the sun and the moon are combined with yang, and 29 is the most important, so it is called Chongyang, also known as Jiujiu. The Double Ninth Festival was formed as early as the Warring States Period. In the Tang Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was officially designated as a folk festival, which has been inherited ever since. The Double Ninth Festival on March 3, also known as "stepping in autumn" and "stepping in spring", is a family matter. On this day, all relatives of the Double Ninth Festival will climb the mountain together to "avoid disaster", insert dogwood and enjoy chrysanthemums. Since the Double Ninth Festival in Wei and Jin Dynasties, the atmosphere has become increasingly strong, which is one of the traditional festivals sung by scholars in past dynasties.
Evolution:
The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Double Ninth Festival in China. It is also a festival to respect the elderly in China. 1989, China designated September 9th as the festival for the elderly, which skillfully combined tradition with modernity and became a festival to respect, love and help the elderly.
Custom:
Every time I go to Chongyang, people will think of Wang Wei's "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every festive season." I know from a distance where my brother climbed, and there is one person missing from the dogwood. "This poem. Since ancient times, the Double Ninth Festival has been a day when people respect the old and love the young, miss their parents and long for reunion. Climb the mountain, eat Chongyang cake, enjoy chrysanthemums and drink chrysanthemum wine, insert dogwood and chrysanthemum, and drink chong yang wine.
Winter solstice
Winter solstice time:1February 2 1 day or 22nd in the solar calendar.
In ancient China, people attached great importance to the winter solstice and thought it was a grand festival. There is a saying that the winter solstice is as big as a year, and there is a custom to celebrate it. "Han Shu" said: "The sun shines on the winter solstice, and you are long, so congratulations." People think that after the winter solstice, the days become longer and longer and the sun rises. This is the beginning of a solar cycle and an auspicious day, which should be celebrated. The Book of Jin records: "On the winter solstice of Wei and Jin Dynasties, people from all over the world celebrated ... its appearance was not as good as that of Zheng Dan." Explain the ancient emphasis on the winter solstice.
Custom:
In the north of China, there is a custom of slaughtering sheep and eating jiaozi and wonton on the winter solstice, while in the south, there is a custom of eating dumplings and long noodles on the winter solstice. There is also the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors in winter solstice in various regions.
Laba Festival
Time: the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month
Source:
In ancient times, the sacrifice to "gods" in December was called the twelfth lunar month, so the twelfth lunar month was called the twelfth lunar month. On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, the old custom is to drink Laba porridge. According to legend, Sakyamuni became a Buddha on this day, so every time the temple cooked porridge for the Buddha on this day, the people followed suit and became a custom, which continues to this day.
Custom:
Drink Laba porridge and soak Laba garlic.
Little new year
Off-year time: the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month
Custom: sweep the dust and offer sacrifices to the stove.