Daily practice for the 2022 Tianjin Military Transition Test: Judgment and Reasoning 2022.3.29
Practice test questions?
1. Lyme disease, like many other diseases of humans and animals, is transmitted by sucking the blood of vertebrate hosts. Transmitted by insects. Scientists have long considered white-footed deer population density to be the best predictor of Lyme disease incidence. However, a 13-year study of determinants in the ecology of Lyme disease in an area of southeastern New York with a high incidence of Lyme disease overturns this view, because during the years when Lyme disease incidence is high , white-footed deer populations are generally lower than in years with low Lyme disease incidence.
Which of the following assumptions is the above discussion based on?
A. Areas that have never had an outbreak of Lyme disease usually have lower white-footed deer populations
B. The population of white-footed deer will not decrease significantly before an outbreak of Lyme disease
C. The population of other species can also be used as a predictor of the onset of Lyme disease
D. The increase in the population of white-footed deer is a precursor to the outbreak of other diseases
2. Why do humans live longer than other primates? The traditional view is that this is due to the development of modern medicine, sufficient food and Advanced health systems. But new research shows that although the above factors have extended human lifespan in the last 200 years, the tendency for humans to live longer than other primates existed long before that. When our ancestors began to eat more meat, they gradually evolved immune mechanisms to fight against the germs in meat. Therefore, the new view is that the immune mechanism evolved by humans when consuming meat has extended human lifespan.
Which of the following is true and most weakens the new view above?
A. Human beings live longer because of more abundant food
B. Some Vegetarians do not eat meat and live very long
C. The ancestors of other primates also consumed meat
D. The immune mechanisms of primates should be the same
3. Some experts pointed out that my country's urban planning lacks the necessary meteorological evidence. The city's high-rise buildings are built high and densely, which hinders the city's ventilation circulation. . Relevant data shows that the average wind speed in many domestic cities has dropped by 10% in recent years. The decrease in wind speed means that the diffusion capacity of the atmosphere is weakened, resulting in a longer retention time of air pollutants, which can easily form haze weather and heat island effect. To this end, some experts have proposed the idea of establishing "urban wind channels", that is, creating several smooth ventilation corridors in the city to allow wind to flow in and out of the city more freely and promote the renewal and circulation of urban air.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the above-mentioned idea of establishing "urban air ducts"?
A. The "cross-street wind" formed by urban air ducts has a negative impact on buildings It has little impact on safety
B. If there is a ventilation duct but no wind, the urban ventilation duct will become a useless decoration
C. Some cities have already established urban ventilation ducts? The natural foundation
D. Urban air ducts are not only conducive to "repelling smog", but also conducive to heat dissipation
Reference answers and analysis
1. Answer B. Analysis: Prerequisite question. The question stems from the argument that in years with a high incidence of Lyme disease, the population size of white-footed deer is generally lower than in years with a low incidence of Lyme disease. This overturns the argument that the population density of white-footed deer is the incidence rate of Lyme disease. The best predictor? This perspective. If item B were not for the assumption in the question, the population of white-footed deer would have been significantly reduced before the Lyme disease outbreak, then the arguments in the question cannot overturn the scientists' views, and the argument is not valid. Therefore, item B must be assumed. The three items A, C, and D are not assumptions of the question stem and do not affect the discussion of the question stem. The correct answer is B.
2. Answer A. Analysis: A new perspective on the question: The immune mechanism evolved when humans consume meat has extended human lifespan. Question stem argument: The tendency of humans to live longer than other primates has existed long before this. When our ancestors began to eat more meat, they gradually evolved immune mechanisms to fight against the germs in meat.
Item A shows that humans live longer because of more abundant food. There is another reason, which weakens the new point of view of the question.
Item B, some vegetarians also live very long lives, which is a special counterexample and weakens the new perspective on the question.
Item C. The ancestors of other primates also consumed meat, but it is not known whether they evolved an immune mechanism to fight against the germs in meat. It cannot explain that humans live longer than other primates. Whether the growth is due to the immune mechanism that humans evolved when eating meat cannot weaken the new point of view of the question.
Item D, the statement "should" is a possible speculation, but it is not known whether the immune mechanism of primates is actually the same, which cannot weaken the new point of view of the question.
Therefore, choose A for this question.
3. Answer D.
Analysis: The question stems from the fact that urban high-rise buildings are built tall and densely, which hinders the ventilation circulation of the city and easily causes haze weather and heat island effect. It is concluded that "urban air ducts" can be established to promote urban air renewal and circulation. Items A and C point out that urban air ducts are feasible, but it is not certain that the establishment of urban air ducts can promote urban air circulation, and the intensity of strengthening is limited; item B questions the assumption in the question; item D points out that building air ducts can indeed eliminate The haze weather and heat island effect strongly support the idea of establishing wind ducts proposed by experts. Therefore the answer is D.
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