Answers to the questions in the 2006 Shandong Biology Competition
1. Which of the following is not a genetic phenomenon?
A. no pains, no gains. B. A couple with double eyelids gave birth to a daughter with double eyelids.
C. The seeds of high-stem peas are planted in poor soil and grow into short-stem peas. The offspring of swallows will fly when they grow up.
2. A mother gave birth to twin boys and girls. These two children come from
A. A fertilized egg B. An egg is combined with two sperm respectively.
C. two fertilized eggs D. two eggs combine with one sperm.
3. The human genetic material is
A. Germ cell B chromosome C protein D. DNA
4. Intercropping pure sweet corn and pure non-sweet corn. When harvesting, it was found that there were non-sweet corn kernels on the sweet corn ear, but there were no sweet corn kernels on the non-sweet corn ear. as a result of
A. sweetness is the dominant trait B. non-sweetness is the dominant trait C. mutual hybridization D. mutual selection
5. The picture on the right shows the changes of chromosome number during human reproductive development. Which of the following is incorrect?
The number of somatic chromosomes in A, A, B and F is the same, and the number of chromosomes is reduced by half during B.A..
The chromosome of C.C. can be expressed as 22+Y.D.F. The sex is determined by the father.
The "Human Genome Project" implemented by scientists from six countries, including China, will locate the genes of all human chromosomes. Please combine your knowledge and point out that the number of human chromosomes to be determined in this project should be
23 C.24 D.22
7. Residents of Vineyard Island near the Massachusetts coast communicate in English and sign language. During the 200 years from 1700 to 1900, there was a high incidence of congenital deafness (1, 155) on the island, while the incidence of congenital deafness was as high as 1/25 in the most isolated town on the island. The following statement is correct.
A. congenital deafness is a dominant feature. B. The island is relatively closed, and inbreeding is common.
C. The vineyard is short of materials, and the residents are single in nutrition. D. The islanders are used to sign language communication, and the high incidence of deafness is the result of natural selection.
8. Several albino seedlings appeared in a corn field and died soon. The root cause is
A. the genetic material of seedlings has changed. The place where the seedlings grow lacks nutrition.
C. the place where the seedlings grow is short of water.
9. The structure of pigeon egg cells is
A. eggshell, egg white and yolk B. yolk membrane, yolk and blastoderm C. yolk, blastoderm and zona pellucida D. egg white, yolk and blastoderm
10.Yy genotype individuals selfed continuously for n generations. Which curve in the picture below can correctly reflect the change of the proportion of homozygotes (yy or YY gene)?
1 1. The order of plant individual development is
A. fertilized egg-endosperm-plant B. fertilized egg-embryo-plant C. embryo-endosperm-plant D. endosperm-embryo-plant
12. Sheep and rabbits living on the same grassland eat the same grass, but their meat tastes very different. The direct and fundamental reasons for this phenomenon are in turn
A. Inorganic salts are different from protein B, and sugar is different from DNA.
C. protein is different from DNA. D. Muscle cells are different from monosodium glutamate
13. The correct explanation for the phenomenon of "skimming" is
A. Dragonflies drink water in flight. B. Dragonflies mark water by touching it.
C. oviposition behavior of female dragonfly D. courtship behavior of male dragonfly
14. Birds are more complex and advanced than fish, amphibians and reptiles. Their reproduction is as follows.
A. in vitro fertilization B. oviparous C. viviparous and lactation D. nesting, hatching and brooding
15. As shown in the figure, two kinds of biological fossils, A and B, have been found in the stratum. The following views are correct.
A. creature a evolved from creature b, and creature a is more complicated than creature B.
C. the number of individuals in creature a is more than that in creature B. D. the body of creature a is bigger than that of creature B.
16. Which of the following is the biggest difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?
A. whether to produce germ cells B. whether to combine bisexual germ cells
C. Are there gender differences in offspring D. Are there gender differences in parents?
17. What is not directly related to controlling excessive population growth is that
A. Late marriage B. Late childbearing C. Less births D. Eugenics
18. The development of frogs belongs to abnormal development, because
A. The morphological structure changes obviously from larva to adult.
B, the living habits from larvae to adults have changed significantly.
C in a short period of time, the living habits and morphological structure from larvae to adults have changed significantly.
D, the morphological structure changes obviously from fertilized eggs to larvae.
19. The red leaves in Xiangshan, Beijing only appear in autumn. The basic factors that determine this phenomenon are
A. Soil quality in Xiangshan B. Temperature C. Light D. Genetic material of plants
20. The cold virus constantly produces new mutations, and the resistance to cold medicines is also increasing. This mutation is
A. Adverse mutation B. Favorable mutation C. Degeneration D. Mutation caused by drug abuse
2 1. Using wild pear trees as rootstocks and pear buds with excellent characteristics as scions for grafting, which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. This grafting makes use of the good functional characteristics of water absorption and fertilizer absorption of wild pear trees.
B. This kind of grafting is to better preserve pear trees with excellent characters.
C. This grafting is to let the scion pear have the "game" of wild pear.
D. Compared with seed propagation, this grafting can shorten the time for harvesting fruits.
22. Giraffes have a long neck. According to Darwin, the reason is that
A. the result of variation developing in a direction beneficial to reproduction B. the need for reproduction
C. the result of frequent use from generation to generation (eating tall leaves)
D individuals with short necks are eliminated and individuals with long necks are retained, which is the result of selection.
23. Since the emergence of sexual reproduction, the speed of biological evolution has accelerated because
The offspring produced by sexual reproduction have greater vitality and variability. Sexual reproduction is faster than asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction allows individuals of two different species to cross and produce new species. The fittest can find more sex.
Reproductive opportunities, so that favorable variation can be inherited.
A.①④ B.①③ C.②③ D.①②
24. In the "Chrysanthemum Exhibition" held on the National Day, it was found that some chrysanthemum plants can produce flowers of various colors on one plant, and their cultivation process is through a. sexual reproduction b. grafting c. inducing variation d. cutting.
25. Forest apes have evolved into humans. Which of the following is the basis of other human characteristics?
A. have a language. B. be able to work. C. walk upright. D. no tail
26. Using a certain pesticide to control agricultural pests, as shown on the right, has obvious effect at first, and the number of pests is obviously reduced, but after long-term use, the effect is getting worse and worse. as a result of
A. Insecticides are selected directionally by pests.
C. Pests isolate pesticides. D. the resistance of pesticides to pests has been selected directionally.
27. After bilateral vasectomy in men, the physiological manifestations are as follows.
A. no sperm production, secondary sexual characteristics change B. sperm production, secondary sexual characteristics do not change.
C. No sperm production, no change in secondary sexual characteristics D. Sperm production, no change in secondary sexual characteristics
28. Chromosomes in the cells of every organism.
A. A certain number with different structures and existing in pairs B. A certain number with the same structure and existing in pairs,
C. the number is unstable, the structure is different, and they exist in pairs. D. the quantity is unstable and the structure is the same, and the two exist in pairs.
29. The following are examples of personal development
A. The fertilized egg develops into chicken B. The process from corn seed germination to plant flowering and fruiting
C. people develop from infancy to adolescence. D. silkworm eggs develop into silkworm moths.
30. The intrinsic factors of biological evolution are
A. favorable mutation; A genetic mutation.
C. adverse variation D. non-genetic variation
3 1. In the following character pairs, the relative characters are
A. Long hair and black hair of dogs B. Height and weight of human body
C. palm leaves and chicken feet leaves of cotton D. tall stems of peas and short stems of broad beans
32. Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect?
A. There are multiple pairs of genes on a pair of chromosomes. Genes are small units of genetic material that determine biological characteristics.
C. There is a gene on each chromosome. Genes are passed on to offspring through germ cells and chromosomes.
33. "Willows turn to shade unintentionally" because willow branches are so long.
A. Straight roots B. Lateral roots C. Pseudoroots D. Adventitious roots
34. The nutrients consumed during seed germination come from
A. Water B. Air C. Nutrients stored in seeds D. Fertilizer
35. The picture below shows the pollination process of a plant, which belongs to
A. bisexual flowers, self-pollination
C. bisexual flowers, cross-pollination D. unisexual flowers, self-pollination
36. There are many buds on potato tuber. Cut the potato tuber into many small pieces, so that each small piece has buds. After planting such a small piece of potato, it can develop into a potato. This replication method is as follows
A. seed propagation B. spore propagation C. budding propagation D. vegetative propagation
37. Fertilized eggs have begun to develop in the female, but they stop developing after giving birth because
A.the humidity outside is too low. B.there is sunshine outside. The temperature outside is too low. D. there is air outside.
38. In autumn, mutant buds appeared on fruit trees. If you want to keep this mutant bud, you should
A, self-pollination is carried out when flowering, and new individuals are cultivated by seeds.
B pollinate the same plant when flowering, and cultivate new individuals with seeds.
C, artificially pollinating when flowering, and cultivating new individuals by seeds.
D, taking down the mutant buds in the next spring and grafting them on the rootstock.
39. In nature, biological evolution is due to
A. Natural selection B. Artificial selection C. Fierce competition for survival D. Overbreeding
40. A cell has two pairs of genes, which are located on two pairs of chromosomes. The picture below is correct.
56.(9 points) The human eye is determined by the pigment in the iris of the eye. There are many blue-eyed people in Denmark. The biological interest group of a school obtained the following data after investigating the blink genes of some families:
Marriage pattern, number of families and children
Father and mother have blue eyes and brown eyes.
I
Blue eyes 150 625 0
two
Blue eyes and brown eyes 158 3 17 322
Roman numeral 3
Brown eyes brown eyes 29 25 82
(1) According to the data of group _ _ _ _ in the table, it can be inferred that brown eyes are _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) If the dominant gene is represented by D and the recessive gene is represented by D, please write down the genetic composition of parents' marriage in the above three sets of data: I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _； _; Ⅱ_________________; Ⅲ________________。
(3) The genetic composition of brown-eyed children in the second set of data is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. If they marry someone with blue eyes, the probability that their children have blue eyes is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) From the data of the third group, it can be seen that if both parents have brown eyes, then their children may not all have brown eyes. Please write the relevant gene map to support this conclusion. (2 points)
57.(5 points) In order to explore the volume change of fruit during development, a biological interest group selected two female cucumber flowers, insisted on measuring the fruit volume regularly every day, and drew the curve of fruit volume change as shown in the figure. Please answer according to the picture:
(1) In curve A, the volume of young fruit is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of flower.
As a result of development, in this process, _ _ _ _ _ generally withers gradually.
(2) When the volume of cucumber reaches point A, cut it open and find many seeds.
This is because there are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in every ovary.
(3) The reason for curve B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(4) When cucumber is planted in greenhouse, _ _ _ _ _ measures can be taken to avoid curve B phenomenon. ..
58.(7 points) Read the following materials and answer relevant questions.
Material 1: Scientists crossed a short (lodging-resistant) but rust-resistant wheat with another high (lodging-resistant) but rust-resistant wheat as parents. There are four types of offspring: dwarf resistance, dwarf resistance, high resistance and high resistance. After several generations, a new wheat variety with resistance to dwarf rust was obtained.
Material 2: Scientists use space technology, with the help of recoverable satellites, spaceships and space shuttles to carry the seeds of common peppers, and then breed them after returning to the ground to cultivate space peppers with large fruits, thick meat, good taste and high yield.
Material 3: Xinjiang cantaloupe is famous for its high sweetness. Some people introduced it to Shandong for planting, and the sweetness of its fruit was greatly reduced.
(1) What are the wheat characters involved in material 1? ______________________________________。 The process of transferring traits from parents to offspring is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ inheritance.
(2) The breeding principle of new dwarf rust-resistant wheat varieties is different from that of space pepper, the former is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) Compared with the variation of dwarf resistant wheat and space pepper, The variation of decreasing sweetness of Shandong cantaloupe is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
59.(7 points) The following figure is a summary of the life history of biological cells. Please answer the questions according to the chart:
(1) If A, B and C represent the initial stage of biological development, then A cell is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The change shown in (2) is biologically called _ _ _ _ _ _. In this process, most cells have lost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Cells change in shape and structure, leading to the formation of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) The technology of F → G → H process is called _ _ _ _ in botany, and the production of this plant and "cloned sheep" belongs to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
60.(5 points) Umbrella is a large unicellular marine green algae, and its nucleus is located in the rhizome at the base. When it matures, an umbrella cap will grow on the top of the umbrella, and the shape of the umbrella cap varies with the kind of umbrella. The picture below is a schematic diagram of the grafting experiment of umbrella.
(1) The scientific hypothesis of this experiment is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) Is there a control experiment on the grafting experiment of umbrella? ____________________________。
(3) Nuclear transplantation of Corynebacterium A and Corynebacterium B can more directly prove the role of nucleus in heredity. Please draw a schematic diagram of the experiment of nuclear transplantation of umbrella algae on the right side of the picture and draw the experimental results. (3 points)
6 1.(7 points) The following picture shows the development process of two insects. Please answer according to the picture:
(1) The individual development process shown in Figure A belongs to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) The names of C and D are _ _ _ _ _ _. In the process of C→D, there is molting, and the reason is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) The developmental period indicated by d is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. If the insect shown in Figure B is an agricultural pest, the period that is most harmful to crops in the whole development process is _ _ _ _ _ _ (the letter in the figure).
(4) The individual development of different insects has its own characteristics, which was formed after a long period of _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
62. This question is divided into two questions, A and B. Candidates only need to choose one question to answer. If they do both questions, they will be graded according to the first question.
A. The following figure traces the occurrence of a genetic disease in four generations of a family (assuming that the genetic disease is controlled by genes A and A). Please answer according to the picture:
(1) Write down the possible genotypes I3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) Write down the possible genotypes of III12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) According to the provisions of the Marriage Law, III11and 85438+03 can't get married because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(4) If Ⅳ15 marries a man with this disease, she will go to the hospital for genetic counseling after pregnancy, knowing that if the fetal amniotic fluid desquamation is checked in the first trimester, it can be judged whether the offspring will suffer from this genetic disease. Which of the following measures can she take? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
A. chromosome number detection B. sex detection C. gene detection D. no detection is needed
B the experimental device designed by American scholar miller and others is shown in the following figure. In the experiment, they first added water to B, pumped out air, added some gas components to A, then boiled the water in B to generate steam, and the tungsten electrode was continuously spark discharged for one week. After the gas is cooled, the product precipitates in the U-shaped tube .. Please analyze and answer:
(1) The gas component added by Miller et al. in A may be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Spark discharge simulated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(2) the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(3) This experiment shows that the chemical evolution of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _