18 16 why doesn't it snow in summer and June? How is the strange climate formed?

18 16 in the twenty-first year of Jiaqing, there was snow in June, cold in July and frost in August. When there should be a bumper harvest, there was no grain in the field. In people's eyes, this year is the year of God's punishment. In this case, the emperor must have lost his virtue and lost the punishment from heaven for his administration. The emperor needs to write a letter to himself and pray for God's forgiveness, so that the disaster will dissipate.

According to historical records, in August of the 21st year of Jiaqing, the weather suddenly became as cold as winter, which is called this year in history? A year without summer? .

The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow. Snow in August was originally a spectacle that only the Great Wall could see, but it appeared strangely in the Central Plains.

This year, the temperature plummeted and the weather was abnormal, which was a hopeless disaster for the central plains region, which is dominated by agriculture. Crops fail, grass grows badly, and people and animals lose food. Farmers lack food and clothing and become victims, but in Yunnan, where the disaster is the worst, people can only sell their children and women to make a living.

This year, not only the Qing dynasty was affected, but also Europe, thousands of miles away from the ocean, failed to escape the punishment of heaven. At that time, Europe was ending the Napoleonic Wars and everything was in ruins. However, the sudden drop in temperature has made people who have suffered from war lose hope of living, rivers are frozen, spring ploughing cannot be carried out, and the stored grain has long been exhausted. That year, almost 200,000 people in Europe died of hunger and cold.

This year, the whole earth has experienced abnormal temperature, so what caused the strange phenomenon of 18 15?

According to the analysis of Science, the shortage of 18 15 in summer was caused by the eruption of Tambora volcano. Why do volcanic eruptions cause global temperature anomalies?

Volcanic eruption is an important factor leading to climate change. Large-scale volcanic eruption will affect the causes of solar radiation and rainfall, and will eventually change the temperature in local areas.

When a volcano erupts, a large amount of volcanic ash will enter the atmosphere, the thickness of which can reach 0.5 ~ 3 km, and it can wander in the lower atmosphere (such as troposphere and stratosphere) for several years (most of them are 1 or 2 years, and a few will wander for several years), which seriously hinders solar radiation from reaching the ground and reduces solar radiation heat 10% ~ 30%.

Solar radiation is the source of ground heat source. Solar radiation can bring light and heat to the earth and create an environment suitable for the survival of all things, but it can also easily take away the life of all things. After the solar radiation weakens, the heat can't be replenished, and the temperature naturally drops.

The thinner the atmosphere, the weaker the absorption, reflection and scattering of solar radiation, and the more solar radiation reaches the ground, so the daytime temperature in Xinjiang with thin atmosphere can reach more than 40 degrees. The thicker the atmosphere, the stronger the absorption, reflection and scattering of solar radiation, and the less solar radiation reaches the ground.

Although a large amount of volcanic ash enters the atmosphere, which thickens the atmosphere and enhances the heat preservation effect, the heat is scarce and rarely lost at night, but it does not help.

At the same time, volcanic ash can be used as condensation nuclei to form clouds and rain. Everyone knows that water vapor is influenced by topography or other factors, because the surrounding air pressure is gradually decreasing, and its volume will expand accordingly. After the temperature drops, water vapor adheres to some substances in the atmosphere, becomes small water droplets or small ice crystals, and floats in the air to form clouds. When there are a lot of water vapor and enough condensation nuclei, and there are topographical conditions that can make water vapor rise, the cloud becomes a cloud mass (there are a lot of small water droplets or small ice crystals), and it can rain.

Moreover, rainfall will naturally absorb the heat of the ground and reduce the temperature of the ground.

In addition to volcanic eruption, sulfur dioxide has become the strongest power.

Volcanic eruption will produce a large amount of sulfur dioxide, which will combine with water vapor to form sulfuric acid, which will quickly condense into sulfate aerosol, which has a far stronger impact on the atmosphere than volcanic ash.

So many scientists think that Mount Tambora is just the fuse, and sulfur dioxide is? A year without summer? The culprit that appeared.

According to statistics, since the eruption of the Tabora volcano in 18 15, the global average temperature has dropped by 0.4-0.7 degrees Celsius, but this small part once had a great impact on the global environment.

But don't underestimate this number. The drop in temperature will bring the butterfly effect, which has a great impact on the global environment. This year has become a rare abnormal weather in the history of climate.