Wear a sleeping bag in 0 degree weather.

The main function of sleeping bag in camping is to keep warm, and in some cases it can also be used as sanitary sleeping equipment. The main index of sleeping bag is temperature scale, also called comfortable low temperature. Comfortable low temperature means that when the outside temperature drops to a certain temperature, most people feel comfortable using sleeping bags, and if the temperature drops again, they will feel cold. There are two ways to identify the comfortable low temperature on a sleeping bag. 1 means to identify an absolute temperature, such as-10 degrees, which means that the comfortable low temperature of the sleeping bag is-10 degrees; One is to indicate the temperature range, from red to green or blue, for example, red starts at 5 degrees, 0 degrees transitions to light green, and transitions to dark green at -5 degrees. The meaning of this temperature is: 5 degrees warm, 0 degrees suitable, and it feels very cold at -5 degrees. The comfortable low temperature of this sleeping bag is 0 degrees. It should be noted that comfortable low temperature is only a relative concept. Sleeping bag products have no industry associations and industry standards, whether at home or abroad. Some big brands and research institutions label their products as comfortable and low temperature according to laboratory tests and field experience. This temperature is for reference only and will vary from person to person and from environment to environment. We examine sleeping bags from these factors: the type, texture and weight of fillers; Textures of internal and external materials; Functional design; Packaging and accessories. There are mainly two kinds of fillers in sleeping bags, down and chemical fiber cotton, and there are also single-layer velvet sleeping bags. Down is divided into duck down and goose down, and the warmth retention of goose down is slightly higher than that of duck down under the same conditions. There are three main performance indicators of down: 1 indicator is the filling weight, such as 400g goose down sleeping bag and 1 100g duck down sleeping bag, which is not the weight of sleeping bag, but the net weight of the filled down; The second index is down content. Down is composed of feathers and down. Feathers play an auxiliary role, and warmth mainly comes from fine down. The cashmere content is expressed as a percentage, for example, 80 cashmere content means that the cashmere content in 100 weight unit is 80 units. Generally, the highest cashmere content of duck down is 85 to 90, and the cashmere content of goose down can reach 90 to 95. The third index is falling inflation, and FillPOWER means that an ounce falls at 68. How many cubic inches are there under a pressure of 4 grams? The higher the expansion degree of down, the better the warmth retention of down. Generally, the swelling degree of domestic duck down is about 450, and that of domestic goose down is between 450 and 600. The cashmere content of Andes geese imported from the United States can reach about 95, and the highest swelling degree is 700 to 800. Very cheap down products are sometimes found in the market, such as 100 yuan down jacket and 150 yuan duck down sleeping bag. Such products are generally not optional. Because down has two indexes that ordinary people can't test on the spot: oxygen consumption index and cleanliness. Down needs to go through many professional cleaning and degreasing procedures. Some suppliers make finished products after slightly cleaning the primary fluff. These products can't be used at all The simple identification method is to beat the finished product with a wooden stick, which will lead to dust leakage and odor. If cleaned, the water will smell bad. Down itself is a quality product. I hope everyone can buy really good products. There are many kinds of chemical fiber cotton with uneven quality. The most common glue-sprayed cotton is four-hole cotton, seven-hole cotton, 3M cotton and POLARGUARD3D/HV cotton. The bulk density is expressed in grams per square meter, such as 260 grams per square meter and 320 grams per square meter. Compared with down and chemical fiber cotton, down has higher warmth retention, and its weight can be the lightest under the same warmth retention. Chemical fiber cotton has relatively low warmth retention, large packaging volume and poor compressibility; Down is expensive, chemical fiber cotton is cheap; When the down is wet, it will almost lose all its warm keeping ability and it is not easy to dry. Therefore, in the harsh mountaineering environment, materials with water release and air permeability are often used as the outer material of down sleeping bags. Chemical fiber cotton has a certain degree of water repellency, maintains a certain degree of warmth retention after being wet, and has a fast drying speed; Down products have a long service life, and can be used for more than 10 years after good maintenance, while the life of chemical fiber cotton sleeping bags is only 3 or 4 years. Wool sleeping bags are made of wool and can be used as summer sleeping bags or sanitary sleeping bags alone. It can also be used with other sleeping bags in winter to enhance the warmth effect. According to time experience, a sleeping bag with a temperature of -3 degrees and a fleece sleeping bag can keep warm about-10 degrees. Ordinary cotton sleeping bags with inner and outer materials are made of polyester or nylon, and polyester nylon cloth is different in density and texture, so I won't go into details here. Down sleeping bags have high requirements for both internal and external materials, but only nylon material with a density of more than 230T can ensure cashmere prevention. The density of many nylon fabrics in China is not enough to prevent cashmere, so it is unscientific for manufacturers to use coatings to prevent cashmere. Because the inner and outer materials of down sleeping bag need to have good air permeability, otherwise the moisture emitted will gather in the sleeping bag, which greatly reduces the warmth of down. High-woven pure cotton or polyester cotton can also prevent cashmere, but it is heavier and has poor compressibility, and is generally not used for high-grade sleeping bags. Functional design The design of sleeping bags is also very important. Let's talk about appearance first. There are three common sleeping bags: Mami, envelope and hybrid. Mami style is also called mummy style or mummy style. This kind of sleeping bag has wide shoulders and narrow feet, with a shoulder width of 75 to 85 cm and a foot width of 45 to 55 cm. Mami sleeping bag is a sleeping bag shape that can achieve the best warm effect under the same weight, suitable for use in cold seasons; As the name implies, the width of the envelope sleeping bag is the same as the shoulder cloth and feet, like an envelope. This kind of sleeping bag is relatively loose, suitable for people who are warmer and bigger in summer. The mixed sleeping bag is a combination of the first two, with a foot width of 55 to 65 cm. Nowadays, the international popular sleeping bag is a small square hat, which is streamlined (the widest part is not at the neckline, but at the shoulders and elbows). The previous big round hat not only increased the weight, but also was not conducive to keeping warm. Other functional design of sleeping bag: double zipper; Anti-entrainment of zipper (a thin and hard PP tape inside the zipper prevents the zipper from eating cloth); Zipper breathable interlayer (cotton windproof interlayer inside zipper to prevent cold air from entering from zipper); Chest collar (or partition collar, tightening collar), after tightening, cold air can be placed to enter from the neck; Pocket; Left and right zippers design, the same sleeping bag is divided into left and right zippers, which can be combined into a double sleeping bag; Sleeping bag size: L, M, S and other different numbers, convenient for people of different heights. Oxford cloth compression bag is the best packaging and accessories for sleeping bags, which can be large or small and durable. The accessories of sleeping bags are mainly zippers, buttons and ropes. When choosing a sleeping bag, you must choose a sleeping bag with a reliable zipper. How to choose, use and maintain sleeping bags After the above introduction, you have a comprehensive understanding of sleeping bags. How many questions do you ask yourself before choosing a sleeping bag? What kind of low temperature environment will my sleeping bag be used in? How is my personal cold resistance? Do I care about weight? How much do I have to spend? After answering the above questions, you will have a basic range of choices, and then choose a reputable merchant to consult and buy. It should be noted that if you only want to use your sleeping bag in an environment above 0 degrees, you may wish to choose a lower temperature, such as -3 degrees or -5 degrees. If your cold resistance is weak, I suggest you choose a sleeping bag with a low temperature index. After all, it is much easier and safer for us to deal with warmth than cold. When using sleeping bags, we should pay attention to keep them dry, because the warmth of sleeping bags is greatly reduced after they are wet, especially down sleeping bags, which will not keep warm at all. Therefore, in heavy rain or water activities, you must protect your backpack from getting wet, or seal your sleeping bag with a drainage bag in advance. After the sleeping bag is wet, it should be dried or air-dried as soon as possible if conditions permit. Wet down sleeping bags can't be stored for a long time, otherwise they will be moldy or even rotten. When using sleeping bags, there are several ways to improve the degree of warmth: 1 It is very important to equip with good quality moisture-proof mats. People who often camp have experience. If the cold goes straight from the ground to the back, the cold is unbearable; If possible, drink a hot drink before going to bed. Milk and fruit can keep your body warm. 3. Eat a comfortable meal before going to bed, especially supplement carbohydrates (starch, sugar); 4. Wearing a long thermal underwear and drinking clean socks will be very effective; Fifth, when the sleeping bag is not warm enough, you can put on more clothes or cover the sleeping bag with clothes and other items; 6 is to share a tent with more people; 7 is to light a steam lamp or stove in the tent under the condition of ensuring safety; 8 is making a fire. There are so many ways, you might as well give it a try at a critical time. In addition, whether it is a down sleeping bag or a chemical fiber cotton sleeping bag, if it is not used for a long time, it should be kept loose and free as far as possible to maintain the properties of down and cotton and prolong the service life, especially the down sleeping bag, which should be placed in a special down sleeping bag (loose and breathable cotton bag) as far as possible. Finally, sleeping bags as personal hygiene products, try to avoid borrowing from each other. Both chemical fiber cotton sleeping bags and fleece sleeping bags can be washed directly, and if the washing machine is big enough, it can also be washed by machine. When drying, try to spread it flat or hang it in many places to avoid excessive sagging. Washing method of down sleeping bag: According to the suggestion of down experts, down sleeping bag can be cleaned once every four years. The service life is about 10 to 12 years, and it can be cleaned three times. If it is not too dirty, you can simply clean it, such as cleaning the surface material with towels and gasoline. Sleeping bags are often dirty in outdoor sports and have more cleaning times. The cleaning method is as follows: hand washing or professional machine washing. Soak your hands in a special down detergent and rinse them off. Don't rub them too much and don't twist them. If you want machine washing, please give it to a professional washing company. After cleaning, air dry or air dry, pat it gently after confirmation, and store it in a sleeping bag after natural expansion. Alkaline detergent should not be used to wash down sleeping bags, so as to avoid entanglement and drying. Down sleeping bag can be matched with cotton sleeping bag lining to reduce washing opportunities, and cotton sleeping bag lining can help absorb sweat.