39) Kukefei Longmen Ancient Town (Part 2) · Traveling to Jiangnan in Spring (201721)

Longmen Ancient Town is wary of outsiders. Every hall, hall, house, and alley in the ancient town is connected, so Longmen people can travel freely. Those who don't follow the tour guide and wander around by themselves will often go around in a circle and come back to the same place, just like my husband and I did now. I can hear the cobblestone road under my feet sneering, the ancient halls pursing their lips and smiling, the flowers that come into view everywhere are snickering, the white walls and black tiles where I raise my eyes and lowered my eyebrows are snickering, and the Longmen stream running north and south is clapping my hands. laugh.

After the anxiety, the fish felt content. The scenery along the creek is no less than that of Wuyuan, Xidi and Hongcun. After crossing Taipo Bridge, my husband and I groped our way into the southwest scenic area of ​​Longmen Ancient Town, where there are five scenic areas including Yanchi Yeyue, Sun's Dazong, Shenxiang Youju, Yimen Liufang, and Xipan Renjia. The natural beauty and ancestral glory of Longmen Ancient Town are concentrated here.

Inkstone Night Moon

A pool of clear water is rippled by the gentle breeze, dotted with water plants and birds, making it more spiritual. The branches above the moon still reflect the bright moon from thousands of years ago, ethereal and quiet. The water in the pool looks like a large inkstone, indicating that studying is the greatest hope of the family. Nothing can bring glory to a family more than being the number one scholar in high school and gaining fame. How unforgettable it is to use natural objects to express family creed. Picking up a handful of clear spring, what is reflected is generations of scholars, burdened with the future of their families and individuals, working hard in the cold window and eating late at night. Look, by the inkstone, under the bright moon, the young scholar is still pacing.

Main attractions: Mingzhe Hall, Shanle Hall, and Inkstone.

Mingzhe Hall was originally the most prosperous house of the Sun family in Longmen. There were many descendants, most of whom were young and middle-aged. Many people had obtained fame and went out to serve as officials. "Plowing, reading and inheriting the family" has always been the agricultural motto of Mingzhe Hall. There has been a book school in Mingzhe Hall for a long time. There are many people reading, and the sound of reading aloud is often heard. After school breaks, the inkstone has become a good place for children to play. .

Mingzhe Hall was built in the Ming Dynasty and is large in scale. There are three entrances in the front and back, Ming Dynasty architectural style. The main hall is three rooms wide, with three entrances from the front and back, which are the foyer, the main hall and the back hall. There are two patios in between, and it is surrounded by the main houses. There is a wall outside the gate, forming an independent courtyard. It is the "hall-hall combination courtyard" of Longmen ancient architecture. typical representative.

There are many ancient agricultural tools on display in Mingzhe Hall, some of which have a history of more than 500 years, such as stone mortars, couples' mills, waterwheels, baskets, etc. The basket was used to travel when there was no other means of transportation. For example, when the new daughter-in-law returned to her parents' home, the basket was used. There were also some agricultural tools commonly used by farmers, such as a couple's mill, a waterwheel, a rake, and a plow.

The Sun family

The Sun family has many heroes since ancient times. Sun Quan, the great emperor of Wu, galloped on the battlefield, pacified the south of the Yangtze River, and conquered Taiwan, achieving a generation of hegemony. Dating back to the Spring and Autumn Period, Sun Wu, the military sage who wrote "Sun Tzu's Art of War", and Sun Yat-sen, the great revolutionary forerunner in modern times, all have a close blood relationship with the Sun family of Longmen. The rich family history has condensed into a strong clan cultural atmosphere in Longmen. In the sonorous memorial service, every junior knelt down and stood tall, such as Sun Qi, the "eighteenth commentator", Sun Kun, the director of the Ministry of Industry, and Sun, the magistrate of Changge County. Ru, "the richest man in seven counties" Sun Chao, "the most honest official in Shanxi" Sun title, the heroine Sun Xiaomei...these are such lofty ideals that move the world and make ghosts and gods weep. They constitute the flesh-and-blood history of Longmen.

The architecture of the ancient town is centered on the two Sun clan ancestral halls. There are more than 40 Sun clan halls, 3 brick archways, 1 ancient pagoda and 1 temple. The houses in the town are connected by corridors, and the long streets and winding lanes are connected with each other. People from outside the town enter the town like entering a maze.

Main attractions: Sun Ancestral Hall, Mingqian Garden Stage and Square.

The Sun Ancestral Hall is the main place for ancestor worship and discussion. The entire ancestral hall covers an area of ​​2570 square meters. The flagpole erected in front of the door was erected by Sun Bingyuan, a tribute official during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty (1821-1850). The ancient bottle on the left is engraved with "Selection of Tribute Judgment Bingyuanli", and on the right is "Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty has been in Youke". The gate of Sun's ancestral hall was also called the "main gate" in ancient times, while the two doors next to it were the side gates. Only those with prominent positions can go through the right door, while those petty officials can only go through the side door. The entire ancestral hall is divided into a foyer, a main hall, and a back hall. The two adjacent rooms are side halls. There is a stage in the foyer. It can be seen that this stage is a detachable and stackable combination type. The so-called stage is also used for ancestor worship and performance. main hall. In ancient times, this was the main place for ancestor worship. People worshiped ancestors in spring and autumn. Spring was on the second day of February and autumn was on October 19. At this time, whole chickens and ducks were put here for the ancestors to enjoy.

Yuqingtang (Sun Clan Ancestral Hall), a branch of the ancestral hall under the name of Sun Sun, the 26th generation of Sun Quan, is called the Sun Clan Ancestral Hall. It was first built in the Song Dynasty and expanded through generations. The last expansion took place in the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong's reign and the third year of Jiaqing's reign. The main building of Yuqingtang is grand and broad, with rich changes in the gables on both sides. The main building has three entrances. The main hall is three rooms and two lanes wide. There is a patio in front and a foyer in front. There are three gates on the left, middle and right. Behind the middle gate is a stage. Access is from the left and right side doors. In case of distinguished guests, the stage will be dismantled. The gate is an eight-character porch with door pairs on the door. There are stone drums on the left and right sides of the gate, carved with fish tail and dragon head patterns. It is called "door stall household pair" among the people. Only the descendants of the royal family can set it up. There are gallery rooms on the east and west sides of the patio in front of the main hall, with bells on the left and drums on the right hanging on them.

Behind the main hall, separated by corridors and small courtyards on the east and west, is the Yin Hall. The Yin Hall is three rooms wide and is the place where the ancestors' tablets are listed. Sun Quan's grandfather Sun Zhong is the first one, with a plaque saying "No one is born with anger".

Yuqing Hall is an important place for celebrations and sacrificial activities of the Longmen Sun family, and is also the place for major events in the town: first, worshiping ancestors and accepting the Lord, twice a year in spring and autumn; second, discussing important matters in the clan; The third one is used as the main entertainment venue during ethnic celebrations.

Residence in deep alleys

Long alleys and quiet courtyards constitute the basic unit of Longmen. Hundreds of ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties were erected densely in the ancient town, connected by cobblestone lanes, like a maze. This may be the unfathomable artistic conception intentionally created by the Sun family, and it also integrates defensive awareness into ordinary life. A grand defense facility, the Sun family retains the martial arts gene of Soochow. But at the other end of the deep alley, the secluded place is a different place. The daily lives of the people are colorfully staged. Firewood, rice, oil and salt, sour, sweet, bitter and spicy, make life interesting.

Main attractions: Qingxi Hall, Chunji Hall, and Yuyintang.

There was no oil-paper umbrella, nor did the girl I imagined appeared. Leisurely Longmen people gather in the shade, drinking tea, playing cards and chatting about homely matters. They treat us as scenery, and we treat them as scenery. The fish swims past them and they love to see the white tail of the fish.

Chun Ji slowed down in front of the hall. Is this place being demolished? Still under construction? Maybe if you go to Longmen Ancient Town, you will get the answer!

Chunji Hall was built in the Ming Dynasty. It is three rooms and two lanes wide. There is a patio and a gatehouse in front of the road. The Xiyin Hall on the right and the Jianchun Hall behind it were both built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Destroyed by fire.

After leaving Chunji Hall, he entered Shide Hall again. Yu and his husband have been walking around the ancient town for three hours, and Yu is a little hungry.

Shide Hall was built in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. The owner of the hall is Sun Nianyang, nicknamed Luye. He is a businessman who is good at management. He has funded many public welfare undertakings, such as the construction of Tongxing Tower, Juliu Pavilion, The Minghuan Temple, Wenchang Pavilion, digging the deep well of Shanggutang, providing drinking water for villagers, and diversion of Longmen River were all completed with the support of his financial resources.

Shide Hall was built by Sun Nianyang, the 44th generation grandson of Sun Quan. Sun Nianyang became rich in business and was willing to do public welfare in Longmen and benefit the people of the whole village. The Shide Hall is three rooms and two lanes wide, with a patio and flower bed in front. The main door opens to the east and faces south. There was originally an incense hall in the back hall. There are residential buildings on the east and west sides of the main hall, and there is a narrow secret passage on the west side, called the "side door secret passage", which is the passage for servants. Shidetang has three rooms, namely Huafang, Guofang, and Confucian rooms, so the plaque on the hall is "Huaguo Confucianism". It was built in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty.

Yimen Liufang

The diffuse patterns and mottled carvings on the Yimen archway interpret a vivid word "righteousness", and the rigid feudal family motto can be displayed close to life. , giving rise to touching stories that have been passed down to this day. During the great natural disaster in Longmen in the 23rd year of Jiajing's reign in the Ming Dynasty, Sun Chao, a righteous man, devoted his family property to helping the victims. His touching act of righteousness was admired by the court and officials. Yimen is not only a tangible building, but also an intangible monument. It makes "charity and charity" and "accumulation of good deeds and happiness" engraved in the hearts of Longmen people, and makes "people who accumulate good deeds will be happy" become the Sun family's thousands of years of determination. The way of running a house that you always believe in.

Main attractions: Yimen Archway, Jishan Hall, Shide Hall, and Houzhi Hall.

The fish also wants to step on the silver and gold with its left and right feet, but the pebble pattern disagrees. The fish found neither gold nor silver. Alas, fish life is miserable!

"Cultivating benevolence, being respectful and filial to the world, being kind and charitable to Yue Zhong."

Jishan Hall and Tongyi Gate were both built by descendants of Sun Chao. During the severe drought during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Sun Chao, a righteous man, devoted his family property to provide relief to the victims. The word "accumulation of good deeds" means "to be willing to do good and to do alms" and "to accumulate good deeds and enjoy happiness", and this concept has already become a subtle family custom in Longmen. Because Yanyi Hall next to it has been destroyed, the plaque with the name of the hall is hung in Jishan Hall.

Traces of ink-painted beams and columns can still be seen on the left and right walls of Jishan Hall. In the Ming Dynasty, taxes were paid according to the column feet. In order to reduce the tax, the number of columns was reduced as much as possible and beams were painted on the walls to replace them. Built in the Ming Dynasty.

The owner of Houzhi Hall is Sun Chunlu (commonly known as Xiaozhuang Atai). Zhi means blessing, and Houzhi means great blessing. It is three rooms wide, with a patio in front. The building structure is rough and single, and the plane is simple. There is a two-story residence behind the main hall, separated from Jishan Hall on the west side by a wall. The gate opens at the east end and looks like a small archway. Its shape is relatively elegant, which contrasts with the simple structure inside. In front of Houzhitang there is a workshop for making Longmen local wine. Built in the Ming Dynasty.

The pictures of Bai Huahua are all plastic bottles, and the shop owner said that the ones inside are made locally in Longmen. The husband tasted a small glass and said that southern wine was similar to southern women, gentle and lovely... Yu knew that his husband was good at first exaggerating and then suppressing, but he was sure to accept it and could not help but hide his mouth and quit with a smile.

Longmen Creek is extremely quiet in the sunshine, and the reflected light from the water surface wakes up the scenic spots of the units along the creek. You can hear the stream shouting in the air: The fish are coming.

People by the Creek

Longmen Creek passes through the village and supports a thousand-year-old ancient town. The villagers build and live by the stream. The folk customs are simple and honest, the neighbors are harmonious and amiable, and the hereditary farming and reading traditions are inherited by the family. Ancient-colored houses are lined up along the stream embankment, with varying heights and well-proportioned features. Different from other ancient towns, there have been no shops on both sides of the stream here since ancient times, which avoids the philistine habits and commercial hassles.

Life here is light, comfortable and simple, away from the noise and chaos. During the trip, you will appreciate the unique charm of the ancient mountain town, and the harmonious atmosphere created by simplicity and family affection will make people linger.

Main attractions: Qingxi Bridge, Sun Xiaomei’s Former Residence, Wan’an Bridge, Gengdu Family, Fenshu Incense Archway.

The Gengdu Family is under construction, and several scenic spots are under construction in Longmen Ancient Town. Fortunately, there is so much to see in the ancient town. If you take a closer look, one day is not enough. It would be inappropriate to just take a quick look at the flowers, it would be too disappointing for this place.

Finally found the Sun Xiaomei Memorial Hall at a creekside home. The deeds of this female martyr are displayed at Yuhuatai in Nanjing. I am very happy that this martyr can return to his birthplace - Yishun Hall after a hundred years. The former memorial hall was built in Chengde Hall in Longmen Ancient Town in May 1999. Now it has become the Longmen Art Museum.

I have heard a lot about Sun Xiaomei. The most shocking thing is that she had her breasts cut off by the Japanese army and died by caesarean section.

Sun Xiaomei (1914-1943), female, nicknamed Xiaomei, also known as Xiaoman and Xiaoman, was from Longmen, Fuyang. Born into a feudal family. He was a primary school teacher for the first time. Influenced by progressive books and periodicals, he was inclined to revolution and advocated equality between men and women.

Sun Xiaomei's original name was Xiaoman. Later, after reading the Tang poem "Yangliu Xiaoman Yao", she learned that Xiaoman was Bai Juyi's singer, so she changed her name to Xiaoman. He was taught by his mother to read novels since he was a child. He entered high school at the age of 11 and graduated from high school at the age of 13. Later, he planned to study various junior high school courses by himself. From 1930 to 1937, he taught at Tie Pheasant Primary School, Longmen Primary School, Luocun Primary School, and Henghe Primary School in Hangzhou, Lujiacun, this county. Influenced by progressive books and periodicals, he tended to be revolutionary and advocated equality between men and women. He once led his female students to break into the ancestral hall. , opposed to the feudal clan rules that women could not participate in sacrifices. In 1930, Sun Xiaomei participated in the preparations for the "May Day" riots led by the Fuyang County Committee of the Communist Party of China.

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he devoted himself to publicizing the anti-Japanese and rent and interest reduction movements. In October 1938, he disguised himself as a refugee and walked to Jingxian County, southern Anhui to join the New Fourth Army training team. After graduation, he worked in the rural economic survey research group headed by Xue Muqiao. He once overcame numerous blockades and went deep into the rural areas of Liyang and Yangzhong to investigate. In the summer of 1940, he was ordered to go to the anti-Japanese base area behind enemy lines in southern Jiangsu to engage in democratic movement work and join the Communist Party of China. Since then, she has successively served as the Women's Minister of the Zhongdan and Wujin County Party Committees. In October of the following year, he was transferred to the Yangtze River Working Committee and escorted Tan Zhenlin, commander of the Sixth Division of the New Fourth Army, and others to safely cross the river and go north.

In June 1941, Sun Xiaomei was transferred from the Shanbei County Party Committee to work on the development of East Road. At the end of 1941, Sun Xiaomei was transferred to the Yangtze River Working Committee of the Communist Party of China. In late May 1942, when she was working in Gaozi, she happened to encounter Tan Zhenlin, the commander of the Sixth Division of the New Fourth Army, who wanted to cross the river to Jiangbei via Gaozi. Wang Daming, Zhu Chunyuan, Fan Xujing, Hong Tianshou and other leading cadres from the Maoshan area were also there. He crossed the river with him and went to Huainan Central China Bureau to study. In order to ensure the absolute safety of the leaders when they crossed the river, she took the initiative to participate in the preparations for the escort. She went to Yizheng on the river twice to contact the northern crossing route, and made efforts for the leaders to cross the river safely. On June 8, 1931, Chen Anyi, the leader of the Heshangzhou Puppet Self-Defense Group and a special party member of the Communist Party of China, was suddenly assassinated. The next day, the working committee decided to punish the murderers Ren Xiaohong and Xu Xiaoer. Peng Yan, secretary of the working committee, personally led personnel to fly to Monk Island. Sun Dandan went ashore, lured Ren Xiaohong aboard, and took him to Jiaoshan, where he was interrogated and suppressed. That night she and relevant comrades went to Heshangzhou again, arrested Xu Xiaoer, and executed him in front of Chen Anyi's tomb.

In October 1942, Sun Xiaomei was transferred to Lunan and served as the captain of the Zhendan Center County Committee’s Democracy Movement Team. In March 1943, the Japanese and puppets began to "clear the countryside" on a large scale. The Yangtze River Working Committee was placed under the direct leadership of the Maoshan Prefectural Committee. In order to meet the needs of the anti-"rural clearing" struggle, Sun Xiaomei was organizationally transferred back to the Yangtze River Working Committee to work in the town. Carry out secret traffic work in Baohua District, Juxian County. On April 27, 1943, Sun Xiaomei completed her mission of escorting cadres to cross the Yangtze River north. On her way back, she was caught by the Japanese military police. The Japanese army held a banquet to "entertain" her in an attempt to soften her and induce her to surrender. Sun Xiaomei stood up, overturned the banquet, and cursed the Japanese army. The Japanese became angry and brutally killed her. He was only 29 years old when he died. In November 1949, the Third Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army posthumously recognized Sun Xiaomei as a revolutionary martyr.

In June 1984, Xue Muqiao, a famous Chinese economist who had worked with the martyrs at that time, wrote a poem to express his memory of the martyrs: "In the past twenty years, China's destiny has been unified, and the culture and martial arts have been refined. The strong woman is the best. She shed a lot of blood in the past, but now she is blooming with thousands of plum blossoms. "

The tour of Longmen Ancient Town is over. Sun Xiaomei's petite figure lingers.

Note: The introduction to the scenic spots in Longmen Ancient Town and the deeds of martyr Sun Xiaomei are taken from the Internet, and we pay tribute to the original author!