20 1 1 Dual-mode chemistry examination paper for senior high school entrance examination in Nankai District, Tianjin
Possible relative atomic mass: h:1c:12o:16ca: 40.
The first part of the multiple-choice questions (***40 points)
First, multiple-choice questions (2 points for each small question, ***40 points; Only one option in each question meets the meaning of the question. )
1. The following changes are chemical changes.
A. the paper is on fire. B. the paper with confidential information is crushed.
C, squeezing watermelon into watermelon juice D in summer, and separating liquid air to obtain liquid oxygen.
2. Food safety is closely related to human health. The following practices will not harm human health.
A, soaking aquatic products with formaldehyde aqueous solution; B, baking cakes with baking powder containing sodium bicarbonate
C. Squeezing oil from moldy peanuts D. Pickling food with industrial salt containing sodium nitrite.
3. The following particles belong to anions in the structure diagram.
A.B. C. D。
In order to improve the air quality in Guangzhou, many buses use compressed natural gas as power fuel. The following statement is incorrect.
The main component of A.CNG is CH4 B. The main products of complete combustion of CNG are carbon dioxide and water.
C.cn g is pure. Using compressed natural gas fuel can reduce air pollution.
5. The following is the experimental operation process of diluting concentrated sulfuric acid with 8mL distilled water, in which the wrong link is
6. Cigarette smoke contains gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. The similarity of these three gases is that
A. they are all colorless. They all contain oxygen molecules. C. They all burn. They are all poisonous.
7. Which is correct about molecules, atoms and ions?
A. atoms are the smallest particles and cannot be divided.
B. The number of molecules must remain unchanged before and after the chemical reaction.
When carbon dioxide gas becomes dry ice, there are no gaps between carbon dioxide molecules.
D. Molecules, atoms and ions can directly constitute substances.
8. The chemical equation of an organic substance C2HX after complete combustion with sufficient oxygen is as follows: C2HX +3O2 === 2CO2 +2H2O. According to the law of conservation of mass, the value of x in C2HX is
A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5
9. The following statement about air is correct.
A. The gas with the highest content in the air is oxygen B, and air is a compound.
C. There are both simple substances and compounds in the air. D. Fine iron wire can burn violently in air, and spark radiation produces black solid.
10. The following substances belong to the solution.
A. liquid oxygen B. ice water C. milk D. dilute hydrochloric acid
1 1. Classification is a common basic method for learning and studying chemical substances and their changes. The existing drug aluminum sulfate, which of the following groups belongs to the same substance?
A. hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid b, sodium chloride and potassium carbonate
C. carbon dioxide, ferroferric oxide D. aluminum hydroxide, hydroxide
12. People feel itchy after being bitten by ants and mosquitoes because the acidic substances secreted by insects have stimulating effects, and the main component of acidic substances is formic acid (CH2O2). The following statement is correct.
Formic acid solution can turn purple litmus test solution blue.
B The mass ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in formic acid is 1:2:2.
The molecule of C 1 formic acid consists of 1 carbon atom, 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms.
D. you can apply alkaline substances such as concentrated sodium hydroxide solution to the affected area.
13. The following chemical equation is correct.
A.c+2CuO 2Cu+CO2↑b . 2fe+3h2so 4 = = = Fe2(SO4)3+3h 2↑
c . 4fe+3 O2 = = = = 2 fe2o 3D . ZnCl 2+na2so 4 = = = znso 4↓+2 NaCl
14. Potassium permanganate will produce potassium permanganate (K2MnO4) when it is decomposed by heat. The valence of manganese in potassium permanganate is
A.+7 B. +6 C. +4 D.+ 1
15. There are three metals, X, Y and Z, and the following reactions can occur among them: Y+X(NO3)2 == X+Y(NO3)2, X+Z(NO3)2 == Z+X(NO3)2. Q: The order of activity of X, Y and Z metals from weak to strong is
A.Z、Y、X、B、X、Y、Z、C、Y、X、Z、D、Z、X、Y
16. The following experimental operations are incorrect.
A. After the experiment, the remaining drugs should be poured into the designated container.
B. If the filtrate is still turbid after filtration, it should be filtered again.
C when heating the liquid in the test tube, don't point the mouth of the test tube at people.
D. Weigh the sodium hydroxide solid on the filter paper on the right panel of the balance.
17. The water quality in a city is hard and easy to scale (fine calcium carbonate particles). Towels tend to get greasy when used for a long time. What kind of things do you think can remove scale in the kitchen?
A. salt B. peanut oil C. sucrose D. vinegar
18. Sodium chloride solution with solute mass fraction of 16% is commonly used in agriculture for seed selection. If 2000g of such a solution is to be prepared, the mass of sodium chloride needs to be weighed as follows.
A.B.320 C.32 D.16g
19. The identification method of the following substances is wrong.
A. Identify hydrogen and oxygen with burning wood strips B. Identify dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid with phenolphthalein test solution.
C, identifying cotton fiber and wool fiber by ignition method D, identifying caustic soda solution and clarified limewater solution by carbon dioxide.
20. Adding the solid below 2g to the dilute hydrochloric acid solution with the pH value of 1 has the smallest change in pH value.
A. silver nitrate B. sodium carbonate C. sodium hydroxide D. copper oxide
The second part of the multiple-choice questions (***60 points)
Second, this question includes 5 small questions, with ***32 points.
2 1.(9 points) (1) The following substances or particles are expressed in chemical terms:
Nitrogen; Tetramolecular phosphorus pentoxide; Ice;
5 silver atoms; 6 nitrate ion; Soda soda
(2) Write the meaning of "2" in the following symbols:
O2； Fe2+.
(3) Write the ionization equation of Fe2(SO4)3.
22.(7 points) After learning the concept of understanding, the teacher's questions and students' answers are shown in the following figure:
(1) Among the above three students, the one who can correctly describe the characteristics of the solution is this one.
The teacher then asked, "What else do you want to know?"
Wang Hua replied: "What are the factors that affect the solubility of substances in water?"
(2) In response to Wang Hua's question, the teacher guided the students to make a series of inquiries. The following table lists some data obtained from the inquiry experiment. According to the data in the table below, please draw the solubility curves of A and B in the coordinate diagram on the right (marked A and B in the diagram).
Temperature/℃
Solubility/gram of substance A 30 35 4 1 50
B. Substances 25 35 55 90
(3) This experiment mainly explores the influence of temperature on the solubility of solid matter. In a certain temperature range, the solute mass fraction of the saturated solution of substance A is greater than that of substance B, and the temperature range is.
(4) When the saturated solution of A and B with the same amount is cooled to 65438 00℃ at 20℃, the mass of crystal A and B will be precipitated (fill in "greater than", "equal to" or "less than").
(5) At 20℃, 40 gA of substance is added into 100 g of water and fully dissolved, and the mass of substance A forming a solution is g. ..
23.(7 points) Bordeaux mixture is a kind of bactericide commonly used in agriculture, which is made by mixing copper sulfate, quicklime and water. Please write down the chemical reaction equation that occurred in the preparation process; Please use chemical equations to explain why we can't use iron drums as containers to prepare Bordeaux mixture. The basic type of this reaction is.
24.(4 points) Laboratory usually uses marble (mainly composed of CaCO3) to react with dilute hydrochloric acid to generate carbon dioxide.
The relative molecular weight of (1)CaCO3 is.
(2) Some students said that if you take12g of marble with 75% CaCO3 purity, the quality of CaCO3 contained in it is g.
(3) Theoretically, the mass of carbon dioxide that can be prepared from marble is.
25.(6 points) In order to remove the impurity Na2CO3 contained in Na2SO4 solution, students A, B and C respectively choose a reagent (appropriate amount) to carry out experiments. Please rate the reagents they chose:
Students choose reagents to evaluate (whether it is feasible and briefly explain the reasons)
Methyl hydrochloric acid
Ethyl H2SO4
Propyl barium hydroxide
Three, this question includes four small questions, ***28 points.
26.(9 points) There are four questions in the chemical experiment operation examination in a certain district of our city: ① Purification of crude salt; ② Explore the chemical properties of acid; ③ Preparation, collection and filling of carbon dioxide; ④ Preparation, collection and filling of oxygen. The method of examination is that candidates draw lots to determine the examination questions, then students conduct experiments according to the given instruments and supplies, and teachers score according to the on-site operation.
After the lottery, Xiao Kai went to the experimental platform under the leadership of the invigilator, and the following instruments and medicines were prepared on the platform:
Please answer:
D name of instrument:
A B C D
(2) Do you think Xiao Kai painted the first question about the instruments and medicines provided by the experimental platform?
(3) The following is the schematic diagram of the main operation process of Xiao Kai experiment.
According to the grading standard, the correct score of each operation is 1, with a perfect score of 5. After the experiment, Xiao Kai scored 3. Please find out the operation that he lost points and explain the reasons.
(4) Xiao Kai found that the laboratory preparation of another common gas can only be completed with the above instruments (instead of drugs). The name of the gas is, and the chemical equation of the reaction is:
27.(4 points) Iron products in life are easy to rust. An extracurricular research team explored the status of rust by using clean and rustless nails, test tubes, distilled water, vegetable oil, cotton and desiccant calcium chloride. The experimental setup is as follows. A week later, it was observed that only the nails in A were rusted, while the nails in B and C remained unchanged. Please answer the following questions:
The reason why (1) distilled water needs to be boiled and cooled quickly is.
(2) The purpose of designing Experiment B is:
The purpose of designing experiment c is.
(3) According to the experimental phenomena in tubes A, B and C, it can be concluded that the conditions of nail corrosion are as follows.
28.(6 points) After a classmate did the experiment of making oxygen with hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide, he designed several groups of experiments to explore the decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide.
(1) Experiment 1: Use 30 ml of 10% hydrogen peroxide solution each time, use manganese dioxide powder as catalyst, and measure the time taken to collect 500mL of oxygen each time. The results are recorded as follows: (Other experimental conditions are the same).
Experimental sequence 1 234 56 78 9 10
Amount of manganese dioxide (g) 0. 1.20
Time used 1787543222
This experiment proves the influence on the reaction rate (fill in "Yes" or "No").
(2) Experiment 2: Take 5ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution at a time, and then dilute it to different concentrations for experiments. The recorded data are as follows: (Other experimental conditions are the same)
Experimental sequence 1 234 5678
The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is1%3% 5%10%15% 20% 25% 30%.
Amount of Manganese Dioxide (g)
Time required to collect 540 ml of gas 660 220 205 80 259 43
Please analyze the data in the table. Answer:
How does the concentration of hydrogen peroxide affect the reaction rate? .
(3) Experiment 3: Explore whether the temperature has an effect on the reaction rate. The following is the experimental record of the design:
Experimental sequence 123
Concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution ① 10% 10%
Amount of manganese dioxide (g) 0.20.2②
Temperature (℃) 20 40 60
Time required to collect the same amount of gas
The data of ① in the table is: the data of ② in the table is.
29.(9 points) The teacher demonstrated the experiment of reducing iron oxide with carbon monoxide in class. First, carbon monoxide is introduced for a period of time to exhaust the air in the device, and then it is heated. After the reaction started, a balloon was used to collect the tail gas at the end of the device. The experimental device is shown in the following figure.
(1) Please write the chemical equation of reducing iron oxide with carbon monoxide.
(2) A classmate only uses a bottle of gas sample, and the following experiments prove that the tail gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Please complete the lab report:
Experimental steps, experimental phenomena and conclusions
1, sampling in a gas container,
2、
2、
(3) Besides collecting tail gas with balloons, tail gas can also be treated by methods.
Reference answers and grading standards
First, multiple-choice questions (this question contains 20 small questions, each with 2 points and ***40 points)
Preface 1 23455 6789 10
Answer a b b c d a d c d
Foreword11213141516171819 20.
Answer b c a b d d d b b a
Second, this question includes 5 small questions, with ***32 points.
2 1.(9 points) 1 minute per grid.
( 1)N2； 4P2O5H2O； 5Ag6 NO3-； soda
(2) The oxygen molecule contains two oxygen atoms; Ferrous ions have a positive charge of 2 units.
(3)Fe2(SO4)3====2 Fe3+ + 3 SO42-
22.(7 points) (1) Wang Hua and Li Jia (write one person to give one point, write more upside down. ) (* * * 2 points)
(2) Any three key data points are connected, and each line scores 1 (***2).
(3)t & lt； 20゜C, or 0 degrees Celsius
(4) greater than (1)
(5) 135g( 1)
23.(7 points) 2 points for each equation.
Calcium oxide+H2O = = = calcium hydroxide
Ca (oh) Ca (oh) 2+cuso4 = = = caso4+Cu (oh) 2 ↓ (no penalty)
Fe+CuSO4 = = = FeSO4+Cu replacement (1 min)
24.(5 points)
(1) The snow melting agent is dissolved in water (or after step 1) to form a colorless solution; ( 1)
(2) MgCl2+2 NaOH = = 2 NaCl+Mg (OH) 2 ↓ (2 points, 1 is unbalanced or ↓ * *).
(3) magnesium chloride and sodium chloride; ; MgCl2 and NaNO3 (each 1, * * * each 2)
25.(4 points)
( 1) 100( 1)
(2)9( 1)
(3)3.96g (1 is data and unit, and 2 is * * *).
Three, this question includes four small questions, ***28 points.
26.(9 points)
(1) iron shelf; Gas containers (each 1, * * * each 2)
(2)④( 1)
(3) Re-ignite the battens with Mars; When the liquid is taken in step II, the bottle stopper is not inverted; Step 4: When the bottle is full, you can't put the wooden stick with Mars in the bottle. (65438 +0, ***3)
(4 4) CaCO3+2hcl = = = CaCl2+H2O+CO2 = CO2 = or Zn+H2SO4 = = ZnSO4+H2 =; (Write the equation at will to give 2 points, if there is no balance or ↑ * *, deduct 1 point).
Alcohol lamp (1 min).
27.(4 points)
(1) Exhaust air dissolved in water; ( 1)
(2) Prove whether iron products are rusted (or corroded) when only water exists; Prove whether iron products rust when only dry air (or oxygen) exists. (Other reasonable descriptions are also given points) (65438+ 0 points per grid, ***2 points)
(3) The corrosion of iron products must be accompanied by water and oxygen (other reasonable descriptions are also given). ( 1)
28.(6 points)
(1) the amount of manganese dioxide; Yes (65438+ 0 points for each space, ***2 points)
(2) Under other conditions, the higher the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the faster the reaction speed; (,premise 1, conclusion 1, * * * 2) (3)10%; 0.2 (per space 1 point, ***2 points)
29.(9 points)
(1) 3CO+3Fe2O3 2Fe+3CO2(2 points, no balance or unconditional deduction 1 minute).
(2)(* * 6 points)
Experimental steps, experimental phenomena and conclusions
1. Pour a proper amount of clarified limewater into the bottle and shake. (1) The limewater in the gas container becomes turbid (1), indicating that the gas contains carbon dioxide. ( 1)
2. Put the burnt wood strips into the residual gas of step 1. ( 1)
A blue flame (exothermic) or gas combustion (1) in the gas container indicates that the gas contains carbon monoxide. ( 1)
(3) Ignition (or put a lighted alcohol lamp at the tail gas outlet) (1)