10 Personal Understanding of Scholars' Foreign History in 2022
Individual enlightenment of scholars 1
"Fame and fortune have no credentials, and I have tried my best to make mistakes. Drink three glasses of turbid wine and the water will flow. " This is the first sentence of a scholar. It can be said that this is also the soul of the whole book.
Although these words are old-fashioned, how many people can really understand people? It is this sentence that has harmed a group of scholars. They regard reading as a stepping stone-"Books have their own golden houses, books have their own happiness, and books have their own beautiful mothers …". For the sake of money and wealth, they can study all night, and they can go from black hair to white hair: Liang Hao, who won the top prize at the age of 80, and Zhou Jin, a "little friend", who has been the top prize for decades, are ecstatic ... For the sake of fame and fortune, scholars are haggard and their clothes are getting wider, and they never regret it.
Reading actually emphasizes a long process of seeking knowledge. Wang Guowei said it very well. Reading is divided into three realms: "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went to the West Building alone to look at the horizon." This is my determination. "I won't regret it when my clothes get wider, and I am haggard for Iraq." This is a struggle. "Looking for him in the crowd for thousands of Baidu, suddenly looking back, that person is in the dim light" This is the final success. And those who are bent on seeking fame in the Confucian forest, the first step-determination, went wrong. In my opinion, reading is a process in which one constantly absorbs spiritual food. The most important thing is to absorb it and then turn it into your own strength. This is consistent with the effect of three meals a day: eating, absorbing nutrition, and then promoting self-growth. It's a pity that some students in the Confucian forest only pay attention to "food", that is, they study for decades, but ignore absorption. For them, reading is just a tool to knock on the door of wealth. Once the goal is achieved, this tool is worthless. These people, even if they study all their lives, will not have any knowledge to absorb and transform into their own strength. These books are useless except that they are malnourished.
Of course, there are also people in the Confucian forest who are "drunk and awake alone, turbid and clear alone". Wang Mian is one of them. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for his neighbors since childhood. On the cow's back, he still reads widely, and even taught himself to be a famous pen for painting boneless flowers. From then on, from ordinary people to rich people in the magistrate's county came to ask for paintings. However, Wang Mian has a different temperament and does not seek official positions. The court wrote to Zhejiang Political Department to recruit Wang Mian as an official, but he lived in seclusion in Huiji Mountain. Later generations often call Wang Mian Wang Shenjun. However, Wang Mian once worked as a function for a day in front of fame, and his heart was quiet and unmoved. Among these literati, only Wang Mian, Phoenix Feather Angle.
Today, hundreds of years later, I want to read The Scholars carefully. Sometimes I sigh for the vulgarity and absurdity of literati and celebrities at that time, and sometimes I am angry for the meanness and ugliness of corrupt officials. With his humorous language, Wu vividly portrayed the decadent and dark side of the imperial examination system in feudal society. No wonder later generations have a sigh that "be careful not to read a scholar, reading it is actually a daily entertainment, not a scholar".
Personal enlightenment of scholars' foreign history II
Li Shimin once said: "A husband takes bronze clothes as a mirror, history as a mirror, knows the rise and fall, and people as a mirror to know the gains and losses." I read The Scholar during my holiday. The Scholars is a novel by Wu, a novelist in Qing Dynasty. The book has 56 chapters, about 400,000 words and nearly 200 characters. Under the guise of Ming Dynasty, the novel actually reflects the fame and life of scholars under the imperial examination system in Kanggan period.
Jia Fei, a young writer, commented on The Scholars: a textbook for intellectuals in feudal society to be promoted and made a fortune. It can be seen that under the feudal system, intellectuals, squires and other distorted souls also accused the imperial examination of poisoning people. At the beginning of the book, there is Wang Mian. There is a story about Wang Mian's diligent self-study in painting lotus flowers, unwilling to sell paintings as an official, honest and clean. There are four old fathers in the middle and four strangers at the end. They are ordinary people who have no social status and are outside the ruling order. Their simplicity, enthusiasm and indifference are in sharp contrast with the ugly Confucian scholars and officialdom. Lu Xun spoke highly of the characterization of The Scholars, and thought that it had been achieved: "The candle shines in a secluded place, and there is nothing to hide. Every official, scholar, celebrity, mountain man, and ordinary people appear on paper and work together in an ecological way, making each other look like the first one. "However, I think The Scholars gives people a kind of artistic beauty. The description of lotus flowers after rain is deeply rooted in people's hearts, and various characterization methods are used to make the characters three-dimensional, vivid and full. With the rapid development of culture, problems such as fake papers, fake authors and copyright disputes are common. This book also reveals the embryonic form of the development of modern culture. In Twenty-one Chapters, Cowherd, a great man from China, published a book with his own name and someone else's number. Nowadays, false advertisements and counterfeit products are very harmful. In feudal society, some charlatans used tricks to deceive people. Chapter 14 of The Scholars has a wonderful description. Mr. Ma Er met a liar at the gate of the temple. When a liar appears, it gives people an unusual impression, confusing people from the outside, and then the liar pretends to be unusual in some ways, which makes people more likely to believe. Yan Jiansheng is also different from Du in financial management. Yan Jiansheng's assets are millions, but they are divided up. I was still worried about two rushes when I died. Du spends money like water and doesn't care about money at all.
Reading history can become a mirror, let you know the rise and fall of history and know what to do to make yourself stand on the society. Use history to warn and spur yourself, so as to avoid detours on the road to success. At the same time, it can also cultivate our sentiment, increase our knowledge, enrich our knowledge and make us a more perfect person. Let's read history!
Personal perception and enlightenment of scholars' foreign history 3
I read The Scholars and enjoyed it very much. The Scholars is a good book, which is worth savoring. I have to marvel at the author's wonderful workmanship, writing techniques, vivid characters and thought-provoking stories. I like this book for many reasons! Let me tell you one by one why I like this book!
The Scholars is one of China's four satirical novels. I like this book because it gives people a real feeling. Most of the characters in The Scholars have the shadow of real people. But the author skillfully pushed the story to the previous dynasty, avoiding the cruel literary inquisition of the controller, and was very courageous. Moreover, the theme of this book is very clear. "The Scholars" is for the elderly: his book is based on fame and fortune. Those who have a heart, fame and fortune, charm others; There are people who are proud of fame and fortune; Those who have no intention of fame and wealth, no intention of self-esteem, and are laughed at by others; However, in the final analysis, it is still fame and fortune plus resignation, and the top products are the mainstay. Focusing on opposing the imperial examination and fame and fortune, the book attacked the bureaucracy, personnel relations and the whole social fashion at that time, which was its unique highlight.
There is also the author's creative intention in this book, and the characters are distinct. The author praises and opposes everything in the language of the characters in his works, and he is not artificial at all. Just because the author doesn't like being an official, he wrote in the first wedge what Wang Mian's mother advised her son when she died: I'm afraid the official is not Rong Zongyaozu! I see that none of these officials can have a good end; What's more, if you are arrogant and ugly, my son can listen to my last sentence. He will marry and have children in the future and guard my grave. It is not good to go out and be an official. My mouth and eyes will be closed when I die. When Kuang Chaoren's father died, he also had similar last words: fame is a thing outside the body, and virtue is important. All these reflect the author's magnanimity.
The Scholars is not only rich and profound in thought, but also unique in artistic style. The whole story runs through the skills of satirical art, and its satirical art has almost reached the point of surpassing the ancients and never returning. Therefore, I like this book better. Its language art and literature art are first-class. I firmly believe that this literary classic will be handed down forever!
Personal perception and enlightenment of scholars' foreign history 4
The Scholars describes an interesting officialdom story in the examination room at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty with humorous and sharp words. The main characters of the story are mostly folk literati. By praising many honest Confucian scholars and lashing corrupt politicians, the author expressed his dissatisfaction with real life and his expectation of changing such a gloomy world. The novel begins with a description of a young man named Wang Mian in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for others since he was a child. He is smart and studious. His lotus paintings are vivid, well-read and brilliant. He doesn't want to make friends, let alone pursue fame and fortune. The county magistrate came to inspect and couldn't hide; Zhu Yuanzhang gave him the position of consulting and joining the army, but he didn't understand. He willingly fled to Kuaiji Mountain and lived an anonymous life.
This book also reveals that the imperial examination system has trained a group of mediocre people and corrupt officials. Like Wang Jinshi Hui, the first thing he did when he took office was not to ask about the local public security, the lives of the people, or the grievances of the case, but to inquire about the local people's feelings, understand what local specialties are, and what places can be accommodated in various cases; After that, I customized a No.1 library, handed over all six rooms in the yamen, asked about the profits of various errands, and asked everyone to transfer the money back to the government. From then on, the sound of castanets, abacus and boards was heard all day in the yamen. Chiefs and people were beaten out of their wits one by one, shivering in their sleep. However, his own creed is to be a magistrate for three years and a hundred thousand snowflakes. When the imperial court inspected his achievements, it was agreed that he was the first able person in Jiangxi.
The book also lists an example of Jin Fan: Jin Fan of old boys in the Ming Dynasty failed in the imperial examination many times, and was admitted to the scholar only at the age of 54, and then admitted to the Jinshi. Fan Jinzhong received a lot of cold eyes at home before he got together. His wife called him around and his father-in-law scolded him in every way. When Jin Fan's family was worried about selling chickens for rice, there was a happy news that Jin Fan had been recovered from the collection. After learning the good news, he was ecstatic. Fortunately, his father-in-law slapped him in the face before waking him up and curing his madness. In the blink of an eye, Jin Fan's luck changed, not only with money, rice and a house, but also with slaves and maids. Jin Fan's mother was breathless with joy and died in the West. Butcher Hu is also uncharacteristic.
"The Scholars", a volume, tells the story of rain and snow in the scholars for a hundred years, which is both bitter and bitter.
Personal enlightenment of scholars' foreign history 5
The Scholars is an outstanding realistic satirical novel in the history of China literature. It aims at society and objectively and truly describes scholars, celebrities and ordinary people. It is precisely because of Wu's profound literary accomplishment and rich social experience that he can profoundly write about that era. He refined folk spoken language and wrote the decadent darkness of the imperial examination in simple, humorous and natural language. Corrupt officials are despicable, just right, ridiculous and not harsh. In terms of artistic structure, it has no figures throughout, but develops in stages. Mr. Lu Xun evaluated it as "a broken collection, a post, although not huge, but different from time to time, because it also entertains the heart and makes people scratch their eyes."
What I love most about this novel is the author's incisive portrayal of the characters. My mother uses painting to analyze the difference between China and Europeans. China people, like China's ink landscape and western body oil painting, pay attention to artistic conception and charm, which is very subtle. Europeans pursue the richness and hierarchy of human body structure and color, which is straightforward. The description of characters in China's novels is the same.
I have finished most of The Scholars, and three people impressed me the most. The first is that the novel begins with a description of a young man named Wang Mian in a village in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for others since he was a child, and he is smart and eager to learn. His lotus paintings are vivid, well-read and brilliant. He doesn't want to make friends, let alone ask for credit.
The second is Jin Fan, a scholar who was promoted in his fifties. Everyone is familiar with his crazy appearance after promotion and his father-in-law and fellow villagers' completely different attitudes before and after promotion. What I want to say here is the hypocrisy of Jin Fan when he visited a magistrate after his promotion: "Jin Fan just said,' My mother saw me, and I was worried about it.' The Tang magistrate was frightened and called for change. With silver cups and chopsticks. The magistrate of a county didn't understand why Fan retired and retired. Jingzhai said with a smile,' Mr. Shi doesn't want to use this cup of chopsticks because of his compliance. The magistrate of a county is busy asking for change. He changed a magnetic cup and brought a pair of ivory chopsticks, but Jin Fan refused to move. Jingzhai said,' This chopstick. But it was never ready. Looking back, I saw that he put a prawn dumpling in the bird's nest bowl and put it in his mouth, so I was relieved ... "The author described Jin Fan and the magistrate of a county, one described his behavior and the other described his psychology, ridiculing Jin Fan's hypocritical personality to the fullest.
Compared with Wang Mian, Jin Fan, who is indifferent to fame and fortune, has already seen through the sinister nature of being an official; One didn't succeed until he was in his fifties in order to get ahead, which shows the beauty of Wang Mian's human nature.
The third one is Yan Jiansheng. I heard it from my mother. His image of a miser who loves money like life has already penetrated into my heart. Although there is not a word about meanness in the whole article about Yan Jiansheng, Yan Jiansheng's meanness is hidden everywhere in the article. He was too sick to eat, bedridden and dying, and he remembered to go to the fields to collect early rice. There are many cows and horses in his family. But usually I can't bear to buy a catty of pork. The most amazing scene is the scene after Yan Jiansheng's death. When he died, he refused to give up the ghost because he lit an extra lamp. Although Eugenie Grandet also wrote that Grandet stared at gold when he died, he didn't die until he had gold in his hand. But scholars seem to be better. A lamp grass makes people lose heart.
Although The Scholars is about the imperial examinations and officialdom in Ming Dynasty, it still has its value to today's society. The society is progressing, but there are still many people who believe in "money worship" and the material is supreme. They pursue fame and fortune all their lives and do whatever it takes to achieve their goals. History is a mirror, and classical novels are the epitome of history. After reading The Scholars, I was impressed not only by its realistic style and exquisite characterization.
When I read The Scholars, it's like looking at the long axis of a China ink landscape painting. The deeper you read, the more you understand the incisiveness of its words, and the aftertaste of action description or dialogue is still endless. This is the beauty of China's classical literature!
Personal Perception and Enlightenment of The Scholars 6
After reading Chapter 14 of The Scholars, I saw a completely different scam from the previous 12 chapters.
Ma Cuo is a well-known person. He always regards fame as dirt, leads an honest and clean life, and enjoys visiting famous mountains and rivers. On one occasion, he was entrusted by others to come to Hangzhou Hanwen Building to revise his book. When he arrived in Hangzhou, Ma Cuo took the opportunity to visit the West Lake and many beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, which made him linger. Walking, he came to a cave. Just as he was about to draw lots, an old man suddenly appeared beside him. Seeing that he had a long white beard, the horse really looked like a fairy in the New Year pictures, so he asked him, "Dare you ask the name and longevity of the fairy?" "Mr. Er, nicknamed Hong, is over 300 years old this year." Ma Blunt was surprised at this. He thought, is he really a fairy? How else would he know my name? "You have met the old fairy, you don't have to draw lots to predict your fate. Please come with me! " Mahbulun followed Mr. Hong, who claimed to be a fairy, and they came to a secluded place. Fairy Hong said to him, "This is my home." When they entered the house, they saw that the "immortal" wrapped a dozen pieces of black charcoal in paper and said to Ma Blunt, "If you light this black charcoal with fire, it will burn out tattooed silver." Hearing this, Ma Su immediately returned to his residence and set a fire. Unexpectedly, more than a dozen ingots of sycamore were actually burned. Soon, Ma Cuo heard the news of the death of the "immortal" Hong. Ma CuO hurried to offer his condolences. He said sadly to the dead "immortal" Hong: "You are immortal. How can a fairy die? " "Who said he was a fairy? He is only in his sixties this year. " Hong's family said. The horse thought stiffly, they must be lying to me. Hong "immortal" once gave me more than a dozen pieces of black charcoal to burn, and all the glistening silver was burned out. Can this be fake? "Little imagine, it was Mr. Hong who wrapped the silver in black charcoal at his own expense in order to get the reputation of the immortal. Seeing the story here, I feel sad for a horse who is a celebrity but doesn't know that there are no immortals in this world! I also feel sorry for Mr. Hong, who dreams of a fairy in name only!
From this story, I saw both the horse's ignorance and Hong's stupidity as a "fairy". Ironically, Mablunt is a famous person who believes such a clumsy scam. It is even more ridiculous that Hong's Immortal pretended to be a fairy, but he did not hesitate to lose his own money for a false name. After reading this story, I think of the people and things I hear and see from time to time around me, such as those who go to see pictures in groups and burn incense to worship Buddha. What's the difference between what they do and the ignorance of horses? How many people like Hong, such as many students in the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination, failed to pass the exam because of their poor grades, and in order to be admitted to the school, they did not hesitate to spend money to buy a prestigious school. What's the difference between this practice and Hong's stupidity?
Personal perception and enlightenment of scholars' foreign history 7 pages
The Scholars is a novel by Wu, a novelist in Qing Dynasty. This book is based on the story of Wang Mian, an upright scholar, and then writes the story of Zhou Jin and Jin Fan. After reading this book, I have a lot of feelings and a new understanding of feudal society.
Zhou Jin, a old boys, was not proud of the imperial examination in his life, so he got mixed up as an accountant for a businessman. With the support of businessmen, he donated a Guo Jianzi and won the lottery successively, becoming a scholar and studying Taoism in Guangdong. When he took the main exam in Nanhai, he chose Jin Fan, a 54-year-old boy. After Jin Fan was promoted, he went crazy and was awakened by the slap of his father-in-law Hu Butcher. After Jin Fan raised his hand, the book wrote, "He smiled and said," Hey! All right! I won! As he spoke, he fell back, his teeth clenched and he was unconscious. When I woke up, I went crazy and shouted,' I won! While flying outside the door, I kicked into the pond. When I earned it, my hair was loose, my hands were yellow and I was dripping with water. At this time, he needs the butcher Hu, who is usually afraid, to slap him and wake him up. The people around him are also like his two faces before and after the exam, especially Hu, who is the most typical: the former "worldly treasure and poor ghost" suddenly became a "good husband" and even the "sharp mouth and monkey cheeks" suddenly became a "decent appearance". This story reveals the deep poison of the imperial examination system to scholars and the whole society.
There are three main advantages of the widespread spread of The Scholars: First, the satirical art of the novel: although the satirical spearhead of The Scholars directly falls on a certain person, it always makes people feel that the evil in people is, in the final analysis, the product of society and the evil caused by the imperial examination system at that time. For example, Zhou Jin saw a number plate knocked down at one end, Jin Fan suddenly went crazy when he heard the number plate being lifted, and Mr. Ma Er was not interested in enjoying the scenery when he visited the West Lake. He just munches on snacks and pays attention to the sales of his chosen eight-part essay, which makes people feel that it is caused by that society. Secondly, The Scholars does not rule out the exaggeration in irony: for example, Yan Jiansheng refused to die because he rushed to the customs twice, Zhou Jin made a signboard, and Fan Jinzhong died happily for his mother. But the author's exaggeration does not make people feel false, but is extracted from real life. Thirdly, The Scholars has a unique structure: it does not run through the central characters and main plots of the book, but takes one or several characters as the center and other characters as the foil, forming a relatively independent story. Every story begins with the appearance of relevant characters and ends with the disappearance of relevant characters.
The Scholars focuses on the life and mental state of feudal literati, exposing the poison of the imperial examination system to literati, and then satirizing the fatuity and incompetence of feudal officials and the greed and meanness of landlords and gentry. The hypocrisy and meanness of arty celebrities, as well as the decay and incorrigibility of the whole feudal ethical code system.
Personal Enlightenment of The Scholars 8
At the beginning of The Scholars, Wang Mian's words revealed the disadvantages of stereotyped writing in selecting scholars, and then revealed the life of the Scholars in scientific research. Some people take exams every three years and spend their whole lives preparing for the imperial examinations, just to get a word and make a fortune. Among the classical satirical novels, Wu's The Scholars is my favorite work. Realistic line drawing techniques make the characters lifelike and lifelike. Mr. Lu Xun said that its artistic style is "harmonious, gentle and ironic", which is really appropriate.
In this passage quoted by Fan Jinzhong, Jin Fan, who is in his fifties, still insists on scientific research and finally wins the Nobel Prize. He is ecstatic. From then on, the neighbors, especially the old father-in-law, suddenly changed their disdain and surrounded them everywhere, from arrogance to respect, which was really impressive. At that time, we only said that Jin Fan was pedantic and stereotyped writing was harmful, but we didn't see what kind of desire was behind him. When Jin Fan couldn't wait to pick up Zi Yuan prawns, I felt that what was not in the textbook was more exciting. Only this trick, after decades of hard study, is full of poetry, benevolence, righteousness and virtue. In the final analysis, it's just for fame and fortune. Once in power, I no longer have any faith in benevolence, righteousness and reason, only thinking about how to fill my endless desires.
Superman Kuang is a unique image in the book. His transformation from a simple teenager to a hypocrite and a real villain is always embarrassing to read. Filial piety appeared, young and poor, kind-hearted, hardworking, caring for parents and considerate. Compared with Jin Fan's breaking the precepts during his funeral, he has a lot of sophistry, which is really a world of difference. However, the teacher was falsely accused of making friends with a group of pseudonyms who yearned for fame and fortune but could not get it, and the outlook on life began to distort. When Pan San taught him to kidnap people and buy guns, he only cared about money and became a fickle, hypocritical and cunning villain. Behind this is the snobbish social atmosphere and the system of stereotyped writing for scholars.
The Scholars almost summarizes the traditional life of China's literati society, and it is a masterpiece to alert the world at any time. If reading is only for fame and fortune, how can anyone concentrate on learning? There is nothing wrong with pursuing material things, but once your mind is poor and your thoughts are shallow, it is easy to fall into the whirlpool of fame and fortune and lose your true heart. After all, people can be poor, but their aspirations cannot be short, and their spiritual world cannot be buried.
Enlightenment of scholars' personal perception 9
This book is regarded as a classic of China's satirical literature, because it tells us with a plain and profound story how much the imperial examination system has promoted the progress and development of the Chinese nation in society, but at the same time it has caused serious harm in the process of pursuing knowledge. /kloc-in the 8th century, Wu completed this masterpiece in Nanjing, leaving his sigh for the cowardly students.
In this book, there are many vivid characters, such as: Wang Mian who studies hard, Yan Dayu who loves money like life, Zhang Tiearm who cheats on food and drinks, and Bao Wenqing, a sensible actor ... Writer Wu vividly describes these characters as if they happened beside me. What impressed me most was the actor Bao Wenqing, who helped a magistrate and kept his black hat. The magistrate thanked him and asked him to sit next to him, but Bao Wenqing refused. The magistrate invited him to dinner, but Bao kept shaking his head until the housekeeper accompanied him to dinner, and he smiled and laughed happily. A player is so polite and upright that we should really learn from his spirit. I admire Wang Mian's firmness when he was tempted, and I also admire such shameless people as Niu Pulang and Zhang Tiearm.
This book vividly tells the corruption of the imperial examination system and the disadvantages of examinations in the Qing Dynasty. You can invite people to take exams, you can pay bribes, and you can be an impostor. When Anton was promoted to the magistrate of Anqing, he went to inspect Tongsheng. He saw those children with ghostwriters, handing out papers, throwing paper bricks and winking at them, doing everything they could. There is even a boy student who went to the root of the earth wall on the pretext of going out conveniently, but dug a hole in the earth wall and reached for the article. The appearance of the imperial examination system since the Sui Dynasty gave all scholars in the world an opportunity to serve the country. Because of the rich and the poor, all intellectuals can enter the official career and serve the country by virtue of genuine talent and practical learning. But as time goes on, it has gradually changed. What kind of talented officials can be produced in such an environment as the Qing Dynasty, and how can the Qing government preserve them from generation to generation?
The Scholars has given me a lot of thoughts, not only rich and profound thoughts, but also excellent and unique artistic style. The whole story runs through the technique of satire, so I like this book better. Its language art and literature art are first-class. Many characters are described in the book. After reading it, I was deeply touched. I know what it means to be close to Zhu Zhechi and Mexico, what is a true dutiful son and what is true courage.
Personal Enlightenment of The Scholars 10
The Scholars is a satirical novel and a vivid social picture. "The Scholars" focuses on the society, writing literati, scholars and ordinary people, which is objective and true. Now, I am still sighing.
At that time, I thought that career was above everything else, so the literati wrote those eight-part essays, thinking that as long as they had fame, they would be superior. So the ugliness hidden behind this kind of psychology is reflected. Have you noticed that Liang Hao, who won the top prize at the age of 80, and Zhou Jin, a "little friend" with a gray beard, have been the top prize for decades, and Jin Fan is ecstatic ... For fame and fortune in The Scholars, he is haggard and his clothes are getting wider and wider, and he has no regrets? But how many people will be good officials when they become famous and really work for the people?
Xu was appointed as the magistrate of Nanchang. The first thing he did after taking office was not to ask about local public security and people's livelihood, nor to ask about the grievances of the case. Instead, ask about the local people's feelings, know what the local specialties are, and what places can be accommodated in various situations; Then customized a No.1 library, handed over all six rooms in the yamen, asked about the profits of various errands, and asked everyone to transfer the money back to the government. From then on, the sound of castanets, abacus and boards was heard all day in the yamen. Chiefs and people were beaten out of their wits one by one, shivering in their sleep. And his own creed is "three years to clear the magistrate, 100 thousand snowflakes and silver." When the imperial court inspected his achievements, it was agreed that he was "the first able man in Jiangxi". Compared with them, Wang Mian appeared at the beginning, four old people in the middle and four strangers at the end. They are ordinary people who have no social status and are outside the ruling order. Their simplicity, enthusiasm and indifference are in sharp contrast with the ugly Confucian scholars and officialdom.
And those rich rich people are rich and heartless. Gong Sheng Yanzhizhong is a bully in the village. He fenced his neighbor Wang Xiaoer's pig, and when others came to beg, he attacked and broke the legs of the Wang Xiaoer brothers. He blackmailed people everywhere, not lending money to others, but forcing them to pay interest; He described the cloud cake as a valuable medicine, threatened the boatman and lost a few dollars. After Yan Jian's death, as a brother, he forced his sister-in-law to adopt the second son as his son, seeking to seize his brother's property, and claimed that this was "birthright and propriety, but we squire families can't make mistakes in these gifts."
These numerous gaffes also illustrate the depravity and shameless, political ugliness and social corruption of the literati class under the dark rule of the Qing Dynasty. Today, hundreds of years later, I want to read The Scholars carefully. Sometimes I sigh for the vulgarity and absurdity of literati and celebrities at that time, and sometimes I am angry for the meanness and ugliness of corrupt officials. With his humorous language, Wu vividly portrayed the decadent and dark side of the imperial examination system in feudal society. No wonder later generations have a sigh that "be careful not to read a scholar, reading it is actually a daily entertainment, not a scholar".
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