2022-05-09
Analysis on the mystery of the construction of Qinghua Temple by Wet Nurse Li's Ding
Ancient Sophora Bees
My article "The Mystery of the Veranda Dome Used in the Construction of Qinghua Temple by Wet Nurse Ding" has attracted widespread attention, research and enlightenment. According to the Ming Dynasty palace system, the use of verandah roofs in the Qinghua Temple built by Lü’s mother Li’s Ding was not in line with the etiquette of the Ming Dynasty. From the analysis of the architectural group shape of Thanh Hoa Temple, the roof of the veranda of the main hall does not match the hard top of the front hall of the Tianwang Hall, and the clear water ridge of the verandah of the main hall. From the analysis of the inheritance relationship between ancient buildings as art and cultural heritage, there was no principle of "protective repair" or "still building" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is indeed a mystery that the wet nurse Li used the tripod on the top of the veranda to build Qinghua Temple.
There is no doubt that Lü’s mother, Li Ding, built Qinghua Temple
First, Qinghua Temple was first built in Xuande In the seventh year, Xuanzong and Lu's mother Li were both still alive. Volume 21 of "Records of Xuanzong", a red-checkered manuscript in the Peking Library, records: "In the ninth month of Guimao, the wet nurse Li was consecrated to the Holy Lady. The nanny Zhang was blessed to be the Holy Lady. Li's old husband Lu Bin, Zhang's old husband Fu Shengjun "As a gift to the governor Qian Shi", according to "Records of Xuanzong", "Mrs. Li Shifengsheng" was the only one during the Xuande period; Zheng wrote and wrote "The Monument of the Imperial Order to Build a Temple in Qinghua Temple" (referred to as the Monument of Song Zheng), "Mrs. Wang was a wonderful person, a native of Chunhua in Dong'an, Shuntian." The birthplace of the Li family recorded in "The Long Inscription" (referred to as the epitaph) is completely consistent with the birthplace of Lu Gongbin in Wangzhuangli, Dong'an County. Chunhua, "Ci Yuan" has an explanation: honest and honest education. "Selected Works" of Han Dynasty Zhang Pingzi (Heng) Tokyo Fu: "The cool breeze is in harmony with Xuande, and the Chunhua is in harmony with nature." In "Ci Yuan" there is an explanation: a house is a residence of a household. The poem "Zheng Feng" by Jiang Zhongzi: "Jiang Zhongzi comes to visit, and there is no place beyond my li." "Biography": "Li means residence, and twenty-five families are called li." "Zhou Li Local Official Sui Ren": "Five families are called li." Neighbors, five neighbors are one. "The Lijia system was implemented in the Ming and Qing Dynasties;
Third, Song Zheng's stele "rewarded his brother for his honor. "I am honored to be promoted to a hundred households of righteous and brave defenders. I admire God's great kindness and cannot repay it." and Li's epitaph reads: "Emperor Xuanzong is in the position of Chenji. In memory of his wife Baoyi, he serves as an officer in the military guard of his son Junfu." Zheng Qianhu, he was promoted to command Qianshi. He was granted the title of Holy Lady, and was given a land and house. She received regular gifts from Yuyin, hoping to be prosperous, and was given to the general of hussars and the governor of Qianshi. Not long after, she was promoted to the throne of Zhejiang. "Everyone directs his affairs and follows his servants as usual" is basically consistent. And it matches the epitaph of Lu Jun, the son of Lu's mother Li. Song Zheng's monument is completely consistent with the epitaph's inscription of De Tui'en;
Fourth, the epitaph "confessed the lady as a consecrated lady, granted her a land and a house, and she received regular gifts every day." "The praise of Yuyin, in the hope of good fortune, is given to the general of the hussars and the governor of Qianshi," which is completely consistent with the "Records of Xuanzong".
Answer two doubts
Some people have two doubts about the construction of Qinghua Temple by Lu’s mother Li Ding.
First, Song Zheng’s stele has the character “王” in front of his wife, which is inconsistent with the surname of Lu’s mother, Li. Madam, "Cymology" explains: women's title. It started when Wang Mang named Cui Zhuan's mother, Shi, as Mrs. Yicheng. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the wives of first- and second-grade officials were granted the title of madam. Interpretation from the inscription in Qinghua Temple shows that Mrs. Wang Miaoxiu (the title given to her by eminent monks) was not granted the title of Madam because her husband Lu Bin was a first- and second-grade official during his lifetime, but because of her "Honor of Sainthood" (Honor of Honor). , great merit, meritorious service). And in ancient Chinese texts, it is usually not allowed to put the surname in front of "Mrs." The surname can only be written after "Mrs." The exact meaning of the word "王" on Song Zheng's stele refers to the fact that Li's honors as saints and breasts were in the Palace of Prince Yan in the 32nd year of Hongwu. In July of that year, Zhu Di only raised his troops to launch the "Battle of Jingnan." At the same time, the word "王" hints at the story that the Ming Dynasty had always concealed the name of Jianwen's reign due to the "Battle of Jingnan". The Jianwen reign name was not restored until the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty.
Secondly, the stele of Song Zheng states, "His younger brother Rong was promoted to be a righteous and brave defender of hundreds of households." It says that his younger brother was named Rong. The epitaph says: "My younger brother Yu is a hundred households" and his younger brother's name is Yu. The official positions he promoted were consistent, but the names were inconsistent.
In ancient times, men's names had their own names. It makes sense that his younger brother's name is Rong with the courtesy name Yu, or his younger brother's name is Yu with the courtesy name Rong.
An analysis of the mystery of Li’s tripod on the top of the verandah hall of Qinghua Temple
Song Zheng’s stele says: “The temple The construction of Qinghua Temple lasted for 13 years. According to the architectural complex of Qinghua Temple, "the main hall is built in the middle, with the apse hall in the north; the main hall is dedicated to the great heroes, and the apse hall is dedicated to the great scholars; the two wings are verandas on the left and right, the mountain gate is open to the south, and the lofty temple is outside." Tianwang Hall, The main hall and the main hall are both three rooms wide. It can be completed in two or three years at most. It took more than two years until Xuanzong died in the first month of the 10th year of Xuande, but it was not completed. Read the stele of Song Zheng carefully: "I donated some taels of platinum to buy the temple foundation as a vegetable garden, and how many acres were there." "He also donated money to bring materials to the Sichuan, chariot stones to the mountains, pottery pots to the fields, and laborers. "To buy wood, stone, and chalk, to hire craftsmen and apprentices, and to eat rice, wheat, salt, and vegetables, the wages are calculated in platinum." The inscription mentions the donation of platinum in three places. It seems that the "white gold donated" by Li Shiding to build Qinghua Temple is not enough. Although the Li family enjoys the honor of "paying attention to virtue and extending favor, and only being favored by the three clans", the family "works hard on its ancestors and does not care about other industries". It is based on farming and lacks the financial support to build temples. He was also law-abiding, honest and self-disciplined, which led to delays in the construction period.
Furthermore, in the 10th year of Xuande, when the Li family was raising funds to continue the construction, Emperor Xuande passed away. As a result, Li family also fell ill and became ill. On August 19 of the tenth year, he was finally given the title of his wife due to illness. His son Lu Jun was busy burying his mother Li's soul back in her hometown and buried it in Wangzhuang. , inheriting the education of his mother, showing his honor and sincerity, weeping and asking the Jin gentry officials in the dynasty to express their condolences. The chapter was collected into a piece of paper, named "Shanqing Lu" (not handed down to the world), and was circulated in zigzag to express his gratitude. The special experience of mother's grace and favor will never fade away." This once again delayed the construction of Qinghua Temple.
Yingzong ascended the throne in the first year of Zhengtong at the age of eight. The Empress Dowager Sun, the mother of Yingzong, was in charge of the harem. Yingzong's grandmother, the Empress Dowager Zhang, is still alive. They have no time to take care of Li's unfinished Qinghua Temple. The unnamed "Qinghua Temple" was shelved for several years. According to the existing main hall of Qinghua Temple, which is three rooms wide and three rooms deep, and the Tianwang Hall is three rooms wide and two rooms deep, it can be judged that the main hall was not originally built with a veranda roof or a resting top. But the top of a hard mountain. This is in line with the imperial palace system of the Ming Dynasty. It is also consistent with the status of the saintly lady Lu Mu Li who built a Buddhist temple.
When the Empress Dowager Sun and the Empress Dowager missed Li’s dedication to the Holy Spirit, “working with caution and always being consistent” and “working hard day and night, being cautious and prudent”, they thought of Li’s To repay the emperor's favor, he built a temple with the words "May you live long and live forever" and "Wish you longevity". In addition, the Empress Dowager Sun built the Great Gongde Temple in Xishan from the 4th to 6th year of Xuande's reign because she "took the son of a palace woman as her own son and was determined to do good". Then he made a wish to financially support and complete the construction of Thanh Hoa Temple that had been put on hold.
"History of the Ming Dynasty" Biography of the Concubines 1: Xuanzong Xiaogong's Empress Sun was born in Zouping. Young and beautiful. My father is loyal and I am the chief administrator of Yongcheng County. Sincere and filial piety to the queen's mother, Mrs. Peng Chengbo, who was born in Yongcheng and was imprisoned from time to time, she said she was loyal and had a virtuous daughter, so she was admitted to the palace. When Fang was more than ten years old, Chengzu ordered him to be raised by a sincere and filial mother. The ancestral marriage has been announced, and the imperial edict selects the Hu family from Jining as the concubine and the Sun family as the concubine. Xuanzong ascended the throne and was granted the title of imperial concubine. The concubine also has no children, so Yin takes the son of the palace man as his own son, that is, the Yingzong, so he is favored by his family and has great benefits. Empress Hu has abdicated, please decide the foundation of the country as soon as possible. The concubine falsely said: "After recovering from illness, I will have a son. How dare my son have children first?" In March of the third year, Empress Hu was deposed and she was crowned queen. Yingzong was established and respected as the empress dowager.
In the fourth year of Xuande, Empress Sun, the mother of Yingzong, rebuilt the Dachengtianhusheng Temple. Empress Sun "dedicated herself to good deeds and wanted to stop using her own medicine and create a Brahma area." Xuanzong then ordered the temple to be built in the north of the West Lake in Wengshan, the capital. It was built in the fourth year of Xuande and completed in the sixth year of Xuande. It was named Great Merit Temple. The Gongde Temple is now gone.
Based on the above, it can be inferred that the person who built Qinghua Temple during the Xuande period was Lv’s mother, the Li family. Empress Dowager Zhang. In order to "enhance the blessings of the ancestral temple, extend the prosperity of the country, and bring relief to the public," they used internal funds to support Lu Jun, the son of the Li family, and lovingly built the main hall of Qinghua Temple as the roof of the verandah hall. The Ministry of Industry was also instructed to maintain the temple and build it according to official practices. After its completion, the Yingzong gave it the name Qinghua Temple. Only then did Song Zheng, a senior official in Jinling, write and write the "Edict to Qinghua Temple to Build a Temple Monument". In the inscription, Song Zheng denies the story of the palaces of the Empress Dowager Sun and the Empress Dowager, which caused the roof of the main hall of Qinghua Temple to become a mystery to future generations.
Song Zheng’s inscription on the stele says: The words of the Brahma Palace are like Hui Siqian. There used to be a vegetable garden, but now it is just a garden. There are only holes in the circle, and there are tens of thousands of tiles in rows. There are heroes in the middle and great scholars in the back.缁流浵思, or recite Hong Zen. The bells and drums are ringing, and the saints are blessed for thousands of years. After being consecrated, he will be endowed for the third generation. The torch of wisdom burns in the morning, and the sound of the tide roars at night. The torch of wisdom is always bright, and the teaching of elephants is booming. The descendant of Zi’er is the inheritance. " Fully reveals the historical trend of Beijing emperors and concubines in the Ming Dynasty and the construction of a large number of Buddhist temples.
May 9, 2022