4 17 weather
Catalogue of swine flu viruses under swine flu electron microscope
Brief introduction of swine flu
Symptoms and prevention of swine flu infection in pigs
Symptoms and prevention of human swine flu infection
Questions and answers on swine flu epidemic
Outbreak History of "Swine" Influenza
Epidemic trends of swine flu in 2009
Similarities and differences between swine flu, avian flu and SARS;
The spread of swine flu
People's misunderstanding of swine flu
People's misunderstanding of swine flu
Chinese abbreviation: swine flu
English: Swine flu
English abbreviation: swine flu
[Edit this paragraph] Brief introduction of swine flu
Swine flu, the full name of swine flu, is an acute infectious respiratory disease of pigs. It is characterized by sudden onset, cough, dyspnea, fever and rapid recovery. Swine flu is a respiratory disease caused by viruses in pigs. Swine flu is caused by influenza A virus (influenza A virus) and usually breaks out in pigs. It is highly contagious, but it usually does not cause death. Autumn and winter are high incidence periods, but they can spread all year round. Swine flu is mostly identified as a subtype of influenza C virus (influenza virus C) or influenza A virus. This virus can cause influenza outbreaks in pigs. Under normal circumstances, human beings are rarely infected with swine flu virus.
There are many different types of swine flu, including influenza A virus subtypes H 1N 1, H 1N2, H3N 1, H3N2 and H2N3, all of which can cause swine flu infection. Unlike bird flu, swine flu can spread from person to person. In the past, humans were infected with swine flu, but there was no case of human-to-human transmission. In mid-April 2009, Mexico announced a case of human-to-human swine flu, which was caused by H 1N 1 swine flu virus. Gene analysis found that there were genes from pigs, chickens, people from Asia, Europe and America. Symptoms of human infection with swine flu: Patients with swine flu usually have high fever, severe headache, muscle pain, cough, stuffy nose, red eye and other symptoms above 39 degrees Celsius.
[Edit this paragraph] Symptoms and prevention of swine flu infection in pigs
Diagnostic points and epidemic characteristics Pigs of all ages, sexes and breeds are susceptible to this virus. The epidemic of the disease has obvious seasonality, and it is easy to occur in late autumn, early spring and cold winter with changeable weather. The disease spreads rapidly, usually endemic or epidemic. The incidence of this disease is high and the mortality is low (4%- 10%). Sick pigs and infected pigs are the sources of swine flu infection, and pigs are infected 6-8 weeks after recovery.
Clinical features The incubation period of this disease is very short, ranging from several hours to several days, with an average natural onset of 4 days. At the initial stage of the disease, the body temperature of sick pigs suddenly increased by 40.3℃ ~ 465,438 0.5℃, and they were anorexia or anorexia, extremely weak or even collapsed, and often lay on the ground. Shortness of breath, abdominal breathing, paroxysmal cough. Mucus flows from the eyes and nose, and nasal secretions sometimes carry blood. When sick pigs lie together, they have difficulty in moving, feel stiff and painful muscles, spasm of diaphragm and frustrated breathing, which is commonly called hiccups. If there is a secondary infection, the condition will be aggravated, and cellulose hemorrhagic pneumonia or enteritis will occur. Sows are infected during pregnancy, and the piglets born are very ill 2-5 days after delivery, and some die during lactation and before and after weaning.
Pathological changes of swine flu are mainly in respiratory organs. The mucosa of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchus is congested and swollen, and the surface is covered with viscous liquid, and bronchioles and bronchioles are filled with foam-like exudates. A large amount of slurry mixed with cellulose was accumulated in the chest cavity and pericardium cavity. Pulmonary lesions often occur in the back and base of the cusp, heart, middle leaf and diaphragm, and have obvious boundaries with surrounding tissues. The color is from red to purple, it collapses and is firm, and its toughness is like leather. Spleen enlargement, cervical lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph nodes and bronchial lymph nodes are swollen and juicy.
The differential diagnosis of swine flu does not always appear in a typical form. It is very similar to other respiratory diseases, so the clinical diagnosis can only be hypothetical. In autumn or early winter, respiratory diseases in pigs may be suspected as swine flu.
The outbreak of upper respiratory syndrome, including conjunctivitis, sneezing and coughing, and low mortality rate can distinguish swine flu from other upper respiratory diseases in pigs. In differential diagnosis, we should pay attention to the difference between pig asthma and this disease, which is the most confusing.
Prevention and treatment measures There is no effective vaccine and special treatment for the disease. It is important to take good care and keep the pigsty clean, dry and warm, without thieves. Provide enough clean drinking water and limit the supply of feed in the first few days of rehabilitation. Don't harass or move sick pigs during the onset to reduce stress death.
Swine flu is characterized by sudden onset and rapid spread of the whole group. The main symptom is upper respiratory tract infection, which usually occurs in winter and spring and when the climate changes suddenly. The disease is often secondary to Haemophilus suis.
Clinical symptoms and pathological changes
The incidence of the disease is high, the incubation period is 2 ~ 7 days, and the course of the disease is about 1 week. At the beginning of the disease, sick pigs suddenly have symptoms such as fever, listlessness, loss of appetite or abandonment, often lying together, unwilling to move, having difficulty breathing, coughing violently, and mucus flowing out of eyes and nose. If the treatment is not timely in the onset period, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, etc. will easily occur, which will increase the mortality rate of pigs.
The body temperature of sick pigs is as high as 40℃ ~ 465℃ and 438 0.5℃, with depressed spirit, loss of appetite or not eating, muscle pain, unwillingness to stand, viscous liquid from eyes and nose, conjunctival congestion, some sick pigs have difficulty breathing, panting, coughing, abdominal breathing, sitting posture of dogs, and some sick pigs have asthma sounds at night, especially some sick pigs have joint pain.
Autopsy showed that the larynx, trachea and bronchus were filled with mucus containing bubbles, the mucosa was congested and swollen, sometimes mixed with blood, the interstitial lung was widened, lymph nodes were swollen, congestion and splenomegaly, gastrointestinal mucosa had catarrhal inflammation, and liquid containing cellulose accumulated in pleural cavity and pericardial cavity.
Epidemiological characteristics Pigs of all ages, sexes and breeds are susceptible to the virus. The epidemic of the disease has obvious seasonality, and it is easy to occur in late autumn, early spring and cold winter with changeable weather. The disease spreads rapidly, usually endemic or epidemic. The incidence of this disease is high and the mortality is low (4% ~ 10%). Sick pigs and infected pigs are the sources of swine flu infection, and pigs are infected 6-8 weeks after recovery.
Clinical features The incubation period of this disease is very short, ranging from several hours to several days, with an average natural onset of 4 days. At the initial stage of the disease, the body temperature of the sick pig suddenly rose to 40.3 ~ 465,438 0.5℃, and the pig suffered from anorexia or loss of appetite, extreme weakness and even collapse, and often lay on the ground. Shortness of breath, abdominal breathing, paroxysmal cough. Mucus flows from the eyes and nose, and nasal secretions sometimes carry blood. When sick pigs lie together, they have difficulty in moving, feel stiff and painful muscles, spasm of diaphragm and frustrated breathing, which is commonly called hiccups. If there is a secondary infection, the condition will be aggravated, and cellulose hemorrhagic pneumonia or enteritis will occur. Sows are infected during pregnancy, and the piglets born are very ill 2 ~ 5 days after delivery, and some die during lactation and before and after weaning.
Pathological changes of swine flu are mainly in respiratory organs. The mucosa of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchus is congested and swollen, and the surface is covered with viscous liquid, and bronchioles and bronchioles are filled with foam-like exudates. A large amount of slurry mixed with cellulose was accumulated in the chest cavity and pericardium cavity. Pulmonary lesions often occur in the apical lobe, heart lobe, interlobular lobe, the back and basal part of diaphragm lobe, which have obvious boundaries with surrounding tissues. The color is from red to purple, it collapses and is firm, and its toughness is like leather. Spleen enlargement, cervical lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph nodes and bronchial lymph nodes are swollen and juicy.
As of April 27th, 2009, 8 1 person died of suspected infection in Mexico.
According to the incidence, clinical symptoms and pathological changes, it can be preliminarily diagnosed that the pig herd is secondary to influenza.
Preventive and control measures
One,
1. Strengthen feeding management, improve the nutritional needs of pigs, clean the environment regularly and isolate sick pigs in time.
2. Qingkailing injection+Lincomycin hydrochloride injection+amoxicillin, 0.2 ml ~0.5 ml per kilogram of body weight, mixed intramuscular injection, once a day, for 3 days.
3. Mix antiviral powder I (400 kg/bag) and doxycycline 300ppm into the feed and mix evenly. Continuous stirring 10 day; At the same time, electrolytic multidimensional is added to drinking water. After taking the above treatment measures, the condition was quickly controlled and the whole group recovered after 3 days.
4. Jingfangbaidu Powder has special effects on preventing swine flu.
Second,
1. Isolate in time. Barns and feeding utensils should be disinfected with 2% caustic soda solution, and scraps and water should be buried deeply or treated without pollution. Add 0.05% moroxydine hydrochloride (valin) to the pig's diet and feed it 1 week.
2. Give pigs 250g mung bean, Bupleurum Radix Isatidis 100g and decoction 10kg, which has a good preventive effect.
treat cordially
Symptomatic treatment should be given to sick pigs to prevent secondary infection. Optional: 15% moroxydine hydrochloride injection, 25 mg per kilogram of pig body weight, intramuscular injection, twice a day, continuous injection for 2 days. 30% metamizole sodium injection, 30 mg per kg of pig's body weight, intramuscular injection, twice a day for 2 consecutive days. If the whole group is infected, Chinese medicine can be given. Chinese medicine formula: Schizonepeta, Lonicera japonica, Folium Isatidis, Bupleuri Radix, Radix Puerariae, Scutellariae Radix, Akebia Akebia, Radix Isatidis, Glycyrrhrizae Radix and Zingiberis Rhizoma each 25-50g (each head weighs about 50kg). Sun-drying the medicine, pulverizing into fine powder, and mixing with feed. If you have no appetite, you can take it by decocting, usually 1 dose.
Swine flu is caused by swine flu virus, which is often sudden, with body temperature of 40-465438 0℃, dyspnea, cough and serous eyes and nose, and can be recovered within one week. Treatment: ① intramuscular injection of 4-6 ml of baierding injection; Or metamizole sodium injection 4- 1Oml intramuscular injection, daily 1 time. ② Yeast tablets 20-60, artificial salt 10-30g, and * * * were ground into powder and mixed with feed, once a day, for 3 days.
The disease of pigs is due to climate change, poor closure of main livestock farms and low level of feeding management, which leads to swine influenza. At the same time, due to the long onset time, the sick pigs were infected with Haemophilus suis. The disease should be strengthened in feeding management, disinfected regularly, and early detection and treatment should be achieved, and drugs should be used according to the course of treatment.
[Edit this paragraph] Symptoms and prevention of human swine flu infection
Symptoms of human infection with swine flu The symptoms of human infection with swine flu are similar to colds. Patients may have fever, cough, fatigue and loss of appetite. In terms of prevention, there is no need to get together for flu vaccines at this stage, because seasonal flu vaccines have no effect on preventing swine flu. The correct way is to develop good personal hygiene habits, get enough sleep, exercise diligently, reduce stress and have adequate nutrition; Wash your hands frequently, especially after touching public goods, and before touching your eyes, nose and mouth; Cover your nose and mouth with paper towels when sneezing or coughing; Keep indoor ventilation, etc.
On April 23, 2009, an official of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention pointed out that the prevalent swine flu virus was influenza A virus, which carried H 1N 1 subtype swine flu virus, including DNA gene fragments of three influenza viruses, namely avian influenza, swine flu and human influenza, and had the characteristics of Asian swine flu and African swine flu virus. Medical experiment showed that the current mainstream antiviral drugs are effective for this strain.
Because of the following reasons: human influenza cases are related to animal influenza virus, and the virus confirmed in this laboratory is swine influenza virus A/H 1N 1 subtype, which is a new swine influenza virus that has never appeared in humans and pigs before; The human swine flu epidemic broke out in several communities; Most of the infected people are young adults, not the susceptible population of seasonal influenza-the elderly and children, which is very similar to human avian influenza. WHO is very concerned about the human swine flu epidemic in Mexico and the United States.
At present, China's port health and quarantine departments declare and detect the abnormal body temperature of the entry personnel through infrared rays, and isolate the abnormal people, so there is no need to worry. However, it usually takes three to five days from infection to onset of influenza virus, and port health quarantine cannot intercept patients with 100% incubation period. Therefore, people who have recently returned from the above areas should go to the fever clinic immediately if they have fever symptoms. People who go to Mexico and the United States should take personal protection.
Ways and causes of disease transmission in the population
Respiratory infectious disease caused by swine flu virus, people will have flu-like symptoms after infection.
symptom
Similar to a cold, there are high fever, cough, fatigue, anorexia and so on. Another report said that the cases found in the United States were mainly characterized by sudden fever, cough, muscle pain and fatigue, and some of them also had symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting; Mexico has also found symptoms such as red eyes, headache and runny nose.
Fast propagation speed
The human body has no natural antibody to the new mutant virus.
mode of transmission
Sneezing, coughing and physical contact can all lead to the spread of the new swine flu virus among people.
Possible routes of transmission
People who carry pathogens. Pigs carrying pathogens. It may be spread by the wind, but this has not been confirmed. Birds, especially waterfowl, are the insect-resistant hosts of this virus. Secondary bacterial infection. Temperature fluctuation. Stress. A damp pad or floor.
susceptible population
Most of the people who died of swine flu virus were between the ages of 25 and 45, and the patients infected with the virus were mainly young adults, not the elderly and children.
prevent
1, reducing the chances of going to crowded places;
2. Ensure diet, adequate sleep, regular exercise, regular hand washing and indoor ventilation. And develop good personal hygiene habits.
3. Pay special attention to cooking, especially cleaning raw pork and poultry (especially waterfowl). Especially if the skin is damaged. It is recommended to minimize contact opportunities;
4. You can consider wearing a mask to reduce the possibility of wind-borne transmission;
5. Take Radix Isatidis regularly (regularly) and make tea with Folium Isatidis, Folium Menthae and Flos Lonicerae.
6, pay special attention to similar clinical manifestations, cause attention. Especially sudden high fever, conjunctival flushing, cough, purulent secretion and other symptoms.
treat cordially
1. It is reported that Tamiflu is effective within 48 hours after infection.
2. It is reported that general treatment of viruses, such as Viral Spirit, has certain effects;
3. Antibiotics are used to treat upper respiratory tract infections and complications;
4, antipyretic and analgesic drugs, such as paracetamol, symptomatic treatment;
5. Have a good rest and drink plenty of water;
6. It is very important to see a regular hospital in time when symptoms appear.
Ways of human infection with swine flu
It may be through contact with infected pigs or the environment infected with swine flu virus, or through contact with people infected with swine flu virus. The symptoms of human swine flu infection are similar to those of ordinary people, including fever, cough, sore throat, general pain, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people will have diarrhea and vomiting, and in severe cases, they will have pneumonia, respiratory failure and even death. Mortality rate of swine flu infection:
The death rate of swine flu is 6.77%, which is higher than that of common flu. There are two main reasons for its high mortality: first, the virus is fierce; Second, people didn't pay attention to this new disease at first, thinking it was a common cold. Many people took some medicine casually and missed the best treatment period of 72 hours at the beginning of the disease.
Personal protective measures
Avoid contact with respiratory patients with flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc.). ) or pneumonia; Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing; Avoid contact with pigs or go to places with pigs; Avoid going to crowded places; Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, and then throw the tissue into the trash can; If you have flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc. In foreign countries, you should seek medical treatment immediately (you should wear a mask when seeking medical treatment) and explain the situation to the local public health institutions and inspection and quarantine departments.
[Edit this paragraph] Q&A on swine flu epidemic
Ways and symptoms of human infection with swine flu 1. What is swine flu?
Swine flu is an acute respiratory infection caused by swine flu virus, which often occurs in pigs, but rarely leads to the death of pigs.
2. Can people get swine flu?
Usually, humans are rarely infected with swine flu virus. However, in recent years, some cases of human swine flu have been found, and most of the patients have had direct contact with sick pigs, such as breeders.
3. Will the swine flu virus spread from person to person?
At present, it has been confirmed that there are cases of human-to-human swine influenza virus, and its transmission route is similar to seasonal influenza, usually through coughing and sneezing of infected people.
4. How did people get infected?
People usually get swine flu from infected pigs, however, some cases have no contact with pigs or their living environment. To some extent, contact between people will lead to communication, but it will only lead to close contact and closed people.
5. Is pork contagious?
There is no evidence that swine flu is caused by eating properly handled pork or pork products. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention pointed out that when pork is heated to 765,438+0 degrees Celsius, it can kill the swine flu virus, and people will not be infected with swine flu because of eating pork or pig products.
6. What are the symptoms of swine flu?
Experts from the World Health Organization said that the symptoms of swine flu are similar to other flu symptoms, such as high fever, cough, fatigue and anorexia. Another report said that the cases found in the United States were mainly characterized by sudden fever, cough, muscle pain and fatigue, and some of them also had symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting; Mexico has also found symptoms such as red eyes, headache and runny nose.
7. Is Mexican swine flu the same as American swine flu?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States confirmed that the swine flu virus that killed dozens of people in Mexico and the virus that infected dozens of people in the United States were both A/H 1N 1, and this strain is a new variant virus.
8. What are the characteristics of this swine flu epidemic?
WHO emphasizes that children and the elderly are usually more susceptible to influenza virus, but most of the people infected with swine flu virus this time are young people.
9. Is there any specific medicine to treat human swine flu?
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said that at present, there is no specific drug for human swine flu infection. There are four commonly used anti-influenza drugs, but clinically, this mutant virus is resistant to two of them.
There are two drugs, 1) adamantanes (adamantane and amantadine) and 2) neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza (Tamiflu, oseltamivir and zanamivir).
In the past, most cases of swine flu were reported to have fully recovered without any medical care and antiviral drugs.
Some influenza viruses are resistant to antiviral drugs, which limits the therapeutic effect. Recently, human cases infected with swine flu virus from the United States were sensitive to Tamiflu and amantadine and amantadine resistant to zanamivir.
This information is not enough to suggest the use of antiviral drugs to treat swine flu virus infection. Clinicians must evaluate patients according to their clinical and physiological conditions and consider the possible positive and negative effects of treatment. In the United States and Mexico, where swine flu virus broke out, national and local authorities suggested using oseltamivir or zanamivir for treatment in the virus sensitivity manual.
10. Is there an anti-swine flu vaccine?
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at present, there is only one anti-swine flu vaccine for pigs, but it has not been specifically used for humans. As far as the current situation is concerned, the common anti-influenza vaccine has no obvious effect on human resistance to swine flu.
1 1. How to protect yourself from swine flu infection?
In order to protect yourself, you can take general measures to prevent the flu:
Avoid close contact with people with unwell symptoms, fever and cough.
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water often.
Develop good hygiene habits, including getting enough sleep, eating nutritious food and persisting in physical exercise.
If there are patients at home:
Try to provide patients with a separate room. If this is not possible, please keep the patient at least 1 m away from others.
Cover your nose and mouth when taking care of patients. You can buy masks for sale, or you can make them from ready-made materials that have been treated or properly treated.
Wash your hands thoroughly with water and soap after each contact with the patient.
Try to improve the air circulation in patients' residence. Use doors and windows through doors and windows and use the wind.
Keep the environment clean and provide household cleaning agents at any time.
12. What should I do if I think I have swine flu?
If you feel unwell, have a high fever, cough and/or sore throat:
Stay at home as much as possible, away from work, school or people.
Rest and drink enough liquid.
When coughing and sneezing, cover your nose and mouth with disposable paper towels and dispose of the used paper towels properly.
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water often, especially when coughing or sneezing.
Tell your family and friends about your illness, seek help from others, and contact others, such as shopping for you.
If you need medical care:
Contact your doctor or health care provider, then see a doctor and report your symptoms. Explain why you think you have swine flu (for example, you recently went to a country where swine flu broke out). Treat according to the advice he provided.
If you can't communicate with your health care provider in advance, communicate with the health care institution immediately and explain your swine flu dressing change.
Pay attention to cover your nose and mouth during the trip.
[Edit this paragraph] Outbreak history of "pig" influenza epidemic
19 18 Spanish influenza and H 1N 1 virus first appeared in Australia in 19 17, and affected many parts of the world, including Europe, the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The death toll is estimated at 50 million.
H 1 swine flu virus 1976 American swine flu,1918h1n1evolution schedule of virus variants. 25 people died. However, this flu brought a public health management crisis to the Ford government at that time. The goal of the Ford government is to cover all Americans. By the end of the vaccine program, only 24% of the American population was covered.
1In February, 976, an influenza epidemic caused by swine (H 1N 1) subtype strain occurred in the new barracks in Fort Dix, New Jersey, USA. About 200 people were infected and one died. At that time, President Ford wanted to be re-elected, and personally approved $654.38+35 billion to prepare swine flu vaccine for universal immunization. Other countries held a wait-and-see attitude. As a result, the United States made a mistake in speculation, and the vaccine ended in failure, which caused many objections and lawsuits. Ford approved the risky plan for the presidential election, and pig farms protested to change swine flu to New Jersey flu to prevent residents from talking about pigs. The analysis of this flu and pathogen shows that swine flu virus is directly transmitted from pigs to people.
In the past, there were few cases of human infection with swine flu virus, and swine flu virus usually did not spread from person to person. From 65438+ in February 2005 to 65438+ in October 2009, only 12 cases of human infection with swine flu were found in the United States, of which 1 1 people had direct contact with pigs.
Swine flu in the Philippines in 2007. The mortality rate accounts for 10% of infected people.
In April 2009, a large-scale swine flu broke out in Mexico. Most patients in the United States and Mexico have never been exposed to pigs. At this stage, the Mexican government has ruled out the possibility of eating pork infected with the virus. The virus has been confirmed to spread in the form of interpersonal transmission. In terms of interpersonal transmission, scientists pointed out that sneezing, coughing and physical contact may lead to the spread of the new swine flu virus among people.
On April 24th, 2009, Michael Osterham of the University of Minnesota, a famous American influenza expert, said that the spread of influenza virus was amazing. When people found the infected person, they might have missed the best opportunity to control the spread of this new virus. Michael Osterham is worried that tourists who have recently entered and exited Mexico City International Airport may carry the virus around the world.
[Edit this paragraph] Swine flu epidemic in 2009
Epidemic map The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China said on April 25, 2009 that the Ministry of Health had received a notification from the World Health Organization that there was an epidemic of swine influenza A1N1in the United States and Mexico. In this regard, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and other relevant departments attach great importance to and pay close attention to it.
The Ministry of Health and other departments are organizing experts to analyze the virus sequence, judge the impact of the epidemic, study prevention and control measures such as entry-exit inspection and quarantine of imported cases, and improve relevant prevention and control plans; And pay close attention to the progress of the epidemic, strengthen contact with the World Health Organization, the United States and the Mexican government, track further detailed information on the epidemic and its prevention and control, and do a good job in response according to the development trend of the epidemic.
According to the World Health Organization, there have been cases of human infection with swine influenza A1N1in the United States and Mexico. Influenza-like cases in Mexico have been on the rise since March 18, 2009. As of April 28th, there have been three outbreaks in Mexico, with more than 3,000 reported cases and 103 deaths, with a mortality rate of 7%. Most cases are young and middle-aged people. At the same time, the United States reported confirmed cases 10 and 9 suspected cases, with mild symptoms and no deaths. According to the preliminary results of laboratory tests, the swine flu virus A/H 1N 1 which caused this epidemic has not been detected in pigs or humans before.
It is understood that the symptoms of human infection with swine flu are similar to those of a cold, and patients will have symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue and loss of appetite. In terms of prevention, Xu Ruiheng believes that it is not necessary to get together with flu vaccines at this stage, because seasonal flu vaccines have no effect on preventing swine flu. The correct way is to develop good personal hygiene habits, get enough sleep, exercise diligently, reduce stress and have adequate nutrition; Wash your hands frequently, especially after touching public goods, and before touching your eyes, nose and mouth; Cover your nose and mouth with paper towels when sneezing or coughing; Keep indoor ventilation, etc.
[Edit this paragraph] Similarities and differences among swine flu, avian flu and SARS:
The transmission route is different, and bird flu has not been found to spread from person to person, but only from poultry to people; Sars has confirmed the spread between people; Swine flu now seems likely to spread in two ways, from pigs to people and from people to people.
The causes of death are the same, and the manifestations of these three diseases are similar, that is, the symptoms of influenza, including cough, sore throat, runny nose, fever and so on. All severe patients suffered from pneumonia, which eventually led to refractory respiratory failure and death.
The lack of effective treatment is also the similarity of the three.
[Edit this paragraph] The spread of swine flu
At present, there are 159 suspected deaths in Mexico. The Embassy of China in Mexico has not received any cases of China infection.
Who answers frequently asked questions about swine flu.
The World Health Organization has confirmed cases of human swine flu in the United States and Mexico [1], and many other countries have also reported suspected or confirmed cases of human swine flu. On 26th, WHO posted a frequently asked question about swine flu on its website:
1. In which countries have people been infected with swine flu?
Since the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) in 2007, WHO has received notifications of human swine flu from the United States and Spain.
2. How did people get infected with swine flu?
People usually get swine flu through infected pigs, but some cases of swine flu also report that they have never been in contact with or in front of pigs. Incidents of human-to-human transmission of swine flu have also occurred, but only between people in close contact with each other and people in close contact.
3. Which countries have had swine flu outbreaks in their herds?
After the outbreak of swine flu, the host country does not need to notify the World Organization for Animal Health. Therefore, the situation of swine flu in pigs in various countries is not very clear at present. Swine flu is considered as an endemic disease in the United States. Swine flu has broken out in North America, South America, Europe, Africa and parts of East Asia.
4. What is the risk of an outbreak of swine flu?
Most people, especially those who don't have regular contact with pigs, may not be immune to swine flu virus. If swine flu virus has the ability to spread effectively from person to person, it may lead to swine flu epidemic.
5. Is there a vaccine to prevent swine flu?
At present, there is no vaccine against human swine flu virus. It is not clear whether the vaccine used to prevent seasonal influenza is effective against swine flu. Influenza viruses change very quickly, so it is necessary to develop vaccines against the current popular viruses in order to provide the greatest protection for the vaccinated people. Therefore, WHO tries to obtain as much virus information as possible in order to select the most suitable virus for vaccine production.
6. What drugs can treat swine flu?
Antiviral drugs used to treat seasonal influenza in some countries can effectively prevent and treat swine flu. These drugs are divided into two categories: one is adamantane, including amantadine and rimantadine; The other is influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors, including Tamiflu and zanamivir.
In this human swine flu case reported by the United States, the virus is sensitive to the second class of drugs, but resistant to the first class of drugs.
Transmission route and protective measures of swine flu
Who warns: swine flu or global outbreak: there is no such situation in China
Swine flu is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by swine flu virus A, which can lead to influenza outbreak in pigs. Under normal circumstances, human beings are rarely infected with swine flu virus. In recent years, there have been cases of human infection with swine flu in the United States and other places, and most of the patients have had direct contact with sick pigs.
The route of human infection with swine flu: it may be through contact with infected pigs or the environment infected with swine flu virus, or through contact with people infected with swine flu virus. The symptoms of human swine flu infection are similar to those of ordinary people, including fever, cough, sore throat, general pain, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people will have diarrhea and vomiting, and in severe cases, they will have pneumonia, respiratory failure and even death.
Personal protective measures include: avoiding contact with respiratory patients with flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc.). ) or pneumonia; Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing; Avoid contact with pigs or go to places with pigs; Avoid going to crowded places; Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, and then throw the tissue into the trash can; If you have flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc. In foreign countries, you should seek medical treatment immediately (you should wear a mask when seeking medical treatment) and explain the situation to the local public health institutions and inspection and quarantine departments.