1985, the State Council decided to designate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as.
Double Ninth Festival
brief introduction
The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Double Ninth Festival. Because in the ancient Book of Changes, "six" was defined as yin number, and "nine" was defined as yang number. On September 9, the sun and the moon combined with yang, and 29 was the most important, so it was called Chongyang, also called Chongyang. The ancients thought it was an auspicious day to celebrate, and this festival was celebrated from a very young age.
The activities to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival are colorful and romantic, which generally include traveling to enjoy the scenery, climbing high into the distance, watching chrysanthemums, planting dogwood everywhere, eating the Double Ninth Festival cake, drinking chrysanthemum wine and other activities.
Double Ninth Festival, because it is homophonic with "long", and nine is the largest number in the number, which means long life. Moreover, autumn is also the golden season of harvest in a year, and the Double Ninth Festival has far-reaching influence. People have always had special feelings for this festival. There are many excellent poems in Tang poetry and Song poetry to congratulate the Double Ninth Festival and chant chrysanthemums.
Today's Double Ninth Festival has been given a new meaning. 1989, China designated September 9th as the festival for the elderly, skillfully combining tradition with modernity, and becoming a festival to respect, care for and help the elderly. At this time, organs, organizations and streets all over the country often organize retired old people to enjoy the scenery in autumn, or play near the water, or climb mountains to keep fit, so that their bodies and minds can be bathed in the embrace of nature; The younger generation of many families will also help the elderly to go to the suburbs or prepare some delicious food for the elderly.
The origin of Double Ninth Festival
The Double Ninth Festival was mentioned in Chu Ci during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan's Journey wrote: "Set Chongyang into the Emperor's Palace and see the capital of Qing Dynasty ten days later." The "Double Ninth Festival" here refers to the sky, not just festivals. In Nine Days Zhong You written by Cao Pi, Wei Wendi in the Three Kingdoms period, it was clearly written that the Double Ninth Festival: "From the year to the month, I suddenly returned to September 9. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon coincide. It is well known and considered suitable for a long time, so it is a feast. "
Tao Yuanming, a scholar in Jin Dynasty, said in the preface to the poem "Idle for Nine Days": "I am idle and love the name of Nine. Autumn chrysanthemums are full of gardens, but they are sad, empty for Jiuhua, and precious words are like gold. " Chrysanthemum and wine are mentioned here at the same time. Probably in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a custom of drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. In the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival.
In the Ming Dynasty, on the Double Ninth Festival in September, the palace would eat flower cakes together to celebrate, and the emperor would personally climb the Long Live Mountain to celebrate his autumn ambition. This custom has been passed down to the Qing Dynasty.
Legend of Double Ninth Festival
Like most traditional festivals, the Double Ninth Festival has ancient legends.
According to legend, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a plague demon in Ruhe. As soon as it appeared, people in every household fell ill and died every day, and people in this area were ravaged by plague demons.
A plague killed the parents of the teenager Hengjing, and he almost died of illness himself. After he recovered from his illness, he bid farewell to his beloved wife and fellow villagers and decided to go out to study in immortals to rid the people of the plague. Heng Jing visited teachers everywhere and famous scholars all over the world. Finally, he found an oldest mountain in the east. There is a miraculous fairy on the mountain. Under the guidance of the crane, Hengjing finally found the mountain and the immortal with magical power. The immortal was moved by his spirit, and finally took in Heng Jing, taught him the sword to subdue the demon, and gave him a sword to subdue the demon. Hengjing forgot to eat, sleep and practice hard, and finally became an extraordinary martial art.
On this day, the immortal called Heng Jing to his side and said, "Tomorrow is the ninth day of September, and the plague god will come out to do evil again. When you learn the skill, you should go back and kill the people. " Xianchang gave Hengjing a pack of dogwood leaves and a cup of chrysanthemum wine, and secretly taught him how to ward off evil spirits and let Hengjing ride a crane home.
Hengjing returned to his hometown. On the morning of the ninth day of September, according to the fairy's instructions, he led the villagers to a nearby mountain and gave everyone a dogwood leaf and a cup of chrysanthemum wine to prepare for subduing the evil spirits. At noon, with several strange calls, Mo Wen rushed out of the Ruhe River, but just as Mo Wen jumped down the mountain, he suddenly smelled the strange fragrance of Cornus officinalis and the alcohol smell of Chrysanthemum, and his face suddenly changed. At this time, Heng Jing chased Mo Wen down the mountain with a demon sword in his hand, and stabbed him to death in a few rounds. Since then, the custom of climbing mountains on the ninth day of September to avoid epidemics has been handed down year after year. Wu Jun, a native of A Liang, once recorded this in his book Continued Harmony. The original text is as follows:
Huanjing in Runan studied with Fei Changfang for many years. Changfang said, "On September 9th, there should be a disaster in your home. It is advisable to leave in a hurry and let the family make their own crimson bags, hold dogwood, tie their arms, and climb high to drink chrysanthemum wine. This disaster can be eliminated. " Picturesque scenery, family climbing mountains. The same is true at night, when chickens, dogs, cattle and sheep suddenly die. The eldest room listened: "This can be exchanged." Today, people climb mountains and drink, and women carry dogwood bags, so the cover starts here.
Later, people regarded the custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival as an activity to avoid disasters. In addition, in the traditional concept of people in the Central Plains, the Double Ninth Festival still means longevity, health and longevity, so the Double Ninth Festival was later established as the festival for the elderly.
The custom of Double Ninth Festival
Autumn is crisp, sweet-scented osmanthus is fragrant, and the Double Ninth Festival on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month is rich in activities and interesting, including climbing mountains, enjoying chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine, eating double ninth cake and inserting dogwood.
Climb the peak
In ancient times, Chongyang had the folk custom of climbing, so Chongyang Festival was also called "Climbing Festival". According to legend, this custom began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many climbing poems written by scholars in the Tang Dynasty, most of which are the custom of writing the Double Ninth Festival. Du Fu's Seven Laws "Ascending the Mountain" is a famous article about climbing the mountain in Chongyang. There is no uniform rule for climbing mountains. Generally, we climb mountains and towers. There is also the custom of eating "Chongyang cake".
Eat Chongyang cake
According to historical records, Chongyang cake, also known as flower cake, chrysanthemum cake and five-color cake, is made randomly. It was the original intention of the ancients to make cakes at dawn on September 9. The child put a cake on his head and said a word in his mouth, wishing the child all the best. Exquisite Chongyang cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two lambs on it, which conforms to the meaning of Chongyang (sheep). Some people even put red paper flags on Chongyang cakes and light candles. This probably means "lighting a lamp" and "eating cakes" instead of "climbing", and using a red paper flag instead of dogwood. At present, there is still no fixed variety of Chongyang cake, and the soft cakes eaten around Chongyang Festival are called Chongyang cakes.
Enjoy chrysanthemums and drink chrysanthemum wine.
The Double Ninth Festival is the golden autumn season of the year, and chrysanthemums are in full bloom. It is said that appreciating chrysanthemum and drinking chrysanthemum wine originated from Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming is famous for his seclusion, his poems, his wine and his love for chrysanthemums. Later generations have followed suit, so Chongyang has the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums. In the old days, literati and officialdom also combined chrysanthemum appreciation with banquets in order to get close to Tao Yuanming. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was the capital, and chrysanthemum appreciation on Chongyang was popular. At that time, there were many varieties and shapes of chrysanthemums. People also call September of the lunar calendar "Chrysanthemum Month". On the Double Ninth Festival, when chrysanthemums are in full bloom in Ao Shuang, watching chrysanthemums has become an important part of the festival. After the Qing dynasty, the habit of enjoying chrysanthemums was particularly prosperous, and it was not limited to September 9, but it was the most prosperous around the Double Ninth Festival. 、
Evodia rutaecarpa and chrysanthemum
The custom of inserting Evodia rutaecarpa in the Double Ninth Festival was very common in the Tang Dynasty. The ancients thought that inserting Evodia rutaecarpa on the Double Ninth Festival could take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear it on your arm, or make a sachet and put it in it, or wear it on your head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them. Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty recorded that Kaunus participated in the Double Ninth Festival. Besides wearing dogwood, people also wear chrysanthemums. This happened in the Tang Dynasty and has been popular since ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of Beijing Double Ninth Festival was to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows to "eliminate evil and filth, and make money and treasure". This is the vulgarization of the chrysanthemum on the head. In the Song Dynasty, some people cut ribbons into dogwood and chrysanthemum and gave them to each other.
The custom of celebrating the Double Ninth Festival in various places
In addition to the above common customs, there are some unique festivals in various places.
In the official harvest season of the Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi, there is a song that says: "In September, there will be nine Double Ninth Festival, so autumn harvest is busy. Xiaomi, Xiaomi, go up and up. " The Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi is in the evening, and one day is a whole day of harvesting and threshing. In the evening, in the treetops, people like to eat buckwheat noodles and instant-boiled mutton. After dinner, people go out of their homes in twos and threes, climb the nearby hills, light a fire and talk about everything until the cock crows. When climbing mountains at night, many people will pick some wild chrysanthemums and put them on their daughters' heads to ward off evil spirits.
In Puxian, Fujian, people follow the ancient custom of steaming nine layers of Chongyang rice fruit. In ancient China, there was a custom of "eating bait" on Double Ninth Festival, which is today's cake and rice fruit. Jade Candle Collection in Song Dynasty said: "Those who drink chrysanthemum wine after the ninth eclipse will harvest millet and glutinous rice at that time, and taste new things because of their sticky taste, thus becoming a habit." Song Zuqian, a poet of Puxian in the early Qing Dynasty, said in "Nine Songs of Fujian": "When you smell the festival near Chongyang, you are shocked to hear the wild incense, and you can pick up the wild incense with your hand basket. The jade pestle is smashed into green powder and the pearl is called Langwei. " Since modern times, people have transformed rice fruit into a unique nine-fold rice fruit. Wash high-quality late rice with clear water, soak it for 2 hours, take it out and drain it, mix it with water and grind it into slurry, add alum (dissolved in water) and stir, add brown sugar (boiled with water to make a thick sugar solution), then put it on a steamer, spread a clean cooking cloth, then scoop in rice slurry for nine times, steam for a few minutes and cook it out, and coat peanut oil on the rice noodles. This rice fruit is divided into nine layers, which can be uncovered and cut into water chestnuts. Four sides are distinct and translucent. It is sweet, soft and delicious, and it doesn't stick to teeth. Respect for the elderly is the best gift for Chongyang.
In some places, people also have the opportunity to climb mountains, sweep graves and commemorate their ancestors in Chongyang. Puxian people worship their ancestors in Chongyang more than Qingming, so there is a saying that there is a small Qingming in March and a big Qingming in September. Due to the coastal area of Puxian, the ninth day of September is also the anniversary of Mazu's ascension to heaven. Villagers often go to the Tianhou Palace and the Palace Temple in Mazu Tempel or Meizhou to pray.
After the founding of New China, the activities of the Double Ninth Festival have enriched new contents. 1989, China double ninth festival was designated as the festival for the elderly. On this first day, all localities should organize the elderly to climb mountains and have an autumn outing, broaden their horizons, exchange feelings and exercise, and cultivate people's noble character of returning to nature and loving the motherland.
Chongyang poetry
Picking mulberry seeds in Chongyang, Mao Zedong
Life is easy to get old, but it is hard to get old.
Today is Chongyang, and the yellow flowers in the battlefield are particularly fragrant.
The annual autumn wind is strong, unlike spring,
Better than spring, just like Wan Li frost on the vast river.
"Mountain Residence in Memory of My Shandong Brothers" (Tang) Wang Wei
I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays.
When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me.
On the 9th, Qi Mountain climbed the mountain (Tang) to Du Mu.
On the river, the geese just flew south, and they made friends with wine and hip flask mountain.
Laughter makes people laugh, when chrysanthemums are in full bloom.
However, I will try my best to pay for the festival, and I won't hate it when I board the plane.
After all, life is a short history, so why do you cry like Qi Jinggong?
September 10th (Tang) Li Bai
I climbed the mountain yesterday and lifted it today.
The flowers are too bitter, and it is the Double Ninth Festival.
On September 9th, Xuanwu Mountain visited (Tang) Lu.
Looking at the mountains and rivers on September 9, looking at the wind and smoke.
In another country, drinking Jinhua wine, Wan Li shares the same sorrow with Hongyan.
Wang Bo was in Zhongshu on the 9th (Tang Dynasty).
On September 9, at Wangxiangtai, he sat in a farewell cup.
Human feelings are tired and bitter in the south, and Hongyan is from the north.
Jiuri Zuo (Tang)
Don't compare the border with Kyoto, the frost grass has withered in August.
I wonder if there will be chrysanthemums in the wine today?
Jiuri (Tang)
Yellow flowers and purple chrysanthemums fall on the edge of the fence, and the chrysanthemums are full of wine and fragrance.
I can't bear to look forward to my hometown today, but I am forced to join the crowd.
On the ninth sunny day, I was lucky enough to climb the Lin Weiting, and I got Wei Anshi.
On the ninth festival, you must take action.
The golden wind flutters chrysanthemums, and the jade dew weeps dogwood branches.
Looking eight miles away, there are seven wonders in astronomy.
A deep face should be in front of you, so don't forget the danger.
Drunk Flowers (Song) Li Qingzhao
The fog is thick and the clouds are light, and it will always be sad. The brain sells golden beasts.
Double Ninth Festival, lying in bed, in the middle of the night, the cold on my body has just been soaked.
Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves.
Don't get carried away, the curtain rolls west wind, people are thinner than yellow flowers!
Yu Chang 'an returned to Yangzhou on September 9th (Southern Dynasties) to visit Weishan Pavilion, with Jiang as the general manager.
My heart went south, but my body came back from north to south in autumn.
How many flowers are there under the fence in my hometown today?
Indulge in Dongfeng Chongjiu (Yuan) Guan Hanqing
Poems on the red leaves make it resist the emotional baggage, and people in chrysanthemums lie in the songs upstairs.
The shadows of wild geese in the sky are thin, and the moon is thin at sunset.
In the cold autumn, willow trees are chilling and sad.
Who will teach white clothes to deliver wine?
Vinson No.9 (tomorrow)
After three years, I was not at home when it was opened.
When is today's wine, suddenly it has become the flower of the old garden.
Wild clouds connect trees, and wild geese gather sand in cold.
Boarding Infinity, where is Wangjing China?
Passing through the old village [Tang] Meng Haoran
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
Xie Xin's Yu
Ran Ran Qiu Guang can't stay, and the red leaves are full of dusk.
It's the Double Ninth Festival again, and the Taiwan Province Pavilion is on its way.
Keywords cornus officinalis, purple chrysanthemum,
Floating in the courtyard, the rain at night in the smoke cage.
Brave brave new swallow's cold voice, worried about similar age.
Detailed explanation of flower cake and climbing in Chongyang
Flowers cake
The origin of Chongyang is based on the Book of Changes, one of China's Five Classics. On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, both the month and the day are positive numbers, so it is called Chongyang. Because "nine" is the largest number in single digits, the ancients took "nine" as the highest. For example, in old Beijing, the former gatehouse was described as "nine feet nine", and Li Bai's poem "Doubt is that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days". The ancients believed that "Nine Days" was a symbol of good luck and long-term, and two nine days were the most important, that is, the number met, the number arrived again, and the two yang overlapped. Therefore, they thought this day was an unusual and rare auspicious day, so it was designated as "Double Ninth Festival".
According to historical records, eating cakes on the Double Ninth Festival was recorded as early as in the Miscellanies of Xijing in the Han Dynasty: "On September 9, I ate dogwood, ate bait, drank chrysanthemum wine, and ate people for a long life." Eating Peng bait is eating Peng cake. As for the reason for eating Gao Peng on this day, there is a legend: "There lived an industrious and kind farmer at the foot of an ancient mountain. He was good at doing good deeds and helping others, and lived a self-sufficient life through hard work. One day, the host came back from work and it was getting late. On the way, he met an old man who lived in a house. Without saying anything, he let the old man eat, drink and entertain at his house. When the old man left the next day, he said to his master, "If there is a disaster in your house on September 9, you must move to a higher place, the higher the better, and move to a place with less vegetation, so as to avoid the disaster." "The kind farmer listened to the old man and moved to the mountains. On September 9, the kind farmer looked down from the mountain and saw that the house where he once lived was on fire and the fire spread to the mountain. However, because the farmer listened to the old man and chose a place with little vegetation, the fire did not burn. Since then, the story of climbing mountains to avoid disasters has spread. But it is not easy to move every year. Besides, some places are all plains and there are no mountains to climb. So a wise man came up with a way to eat cake instead of climbing up and moving. Because of the homonym of "cake" and "high", the custom of eating cake in Chongyang can avoid disaster has been passed down to this day.
Eating flower cakes is a long-standing custom in Chongyang, Beijing. With the maturity of making flower cakes, there are many varieties and patterns. According to Zhou Yuhua, a famous pastry chef from South China who sold traditional snacks in his early years, "Chongyang Flower Cake is steamed with rice flour and water wrapped in a drawer cloth, then kneaded evenly and divided into four pieces. One piece of dough is flattened and placed on a chopping board, with a layer of bean paste stuffing and a layer of rice flour. There are also two or three layers, with peach kernels, pine nuts and warm plums in the middle. In the early years, the flower cake in Nanlaishun was made of yellow millet flour (yellow wheat) and white glutinous rice flour, with one layer of black bean paste, one layer of * * * and six layers. It looks layered and brightly colored, with raisins, melon seeds and diced golden cakes in the middle and golden cake strips around it. According to Chi Xiangdong, director of Daoxiang Village Food Factory, "The pastry shop will make flower cakes every year on the Double Ninth Festival, which is actually a two-layer cake baked by Fuqiang powder, with jujube paste stuffing and longan stuffing in the middle. "The Double Ninth Festival is also a festival for the elderly. This year, they will send flowers and cakes to more than 200 centenarians in Beijing.
Climb the peak
Wang Wei, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "I miss my Shandong brothers on a mountain holiday": "Being a stranger alone, I miss my relatives twice every holiday, and I know far where my brothers are climbing, and there is one less person everywhere." A well-known poem shows that it is very popular to insert dogwood on Chongyang Mountain in the Tang Dynasty.
Eating Chongyang cake in Beijing was recorded in the Ming Dynasty, and it is a court food. "The Year of Yanjing" says: "The capital is called the Double Ninth Festival. On September 9th, people go out of the country with pots and bottles (K bottles, ancient vessels for holding wine). In the south, there are Tianning Temple, Taoranting, Dragon Claw Sophora and other places, in the north, thrips, Jingqingcheng and other places, and in the far west, there are eight temples and other places to write poems and drink. On this day, we will eat Chongyang Flower Cake with five-color flags on it. People buy back flower cakes and give them to Buddhist temples, ancestral temples or as gifts to relatives and friends.
During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, Yuan Mei wrote in his "Suiyuan Food List": "Boiled chestnuts are very bad, steamed with pure glutinous rice flour and sugar, and pine nuts with melon seeds. This Chongyang snack is also."
There is a poem by Wang Jiacheng in Du Men Zayong in the third year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1864), which was carved by Jia Zi with a flower garden: "Just after the Mid-Autumn Festival, I saw flowers and cakes everywhere, with two floors of dates and chestnuts, which is a proud sentence for the feast." "Ode to the Old Capital Eating White" said: "Good fruit is embedded with dates as mud, and the Double Ninth Festival cake feast is unforgettable. Climbing to write new poems, why did Liu Lang dare not ask. "
The reason why the Double Ninth Festival is also called the Festival for the Elderly;
1989, China designated September 9th as the festival for the elderly, which skillfully combined tradition with modernity and became a festival to respect, love and help the elderly. At this time, organs, organizations and streets all over the country often organize retired old people to enjoy the scenery in autumn, or play near the water, or climb mountains to keep fit, so that their bodies and minds can be bathed in the embrace of nature; The younger generation of many families will also help the elderly to go to the suburbs or prepare some delicious food for the elderly.