Why did1October 1582 disappear?
Strictly speaking, it was not1October 1582 that disappeared, but the ten days from June 1582 to1October 5 to June 14 in the Gregorian calendar (A.D.) disappeared. The article is a bit long, but it is really useful. )
Every nineteen years, your lunar birthday and Gregorian birthday will coincide with the year when you were born.
In fact, throughout history, there have been many such situations. I will elaborate from the reasons for the disappearance of 10 day, the development of China calendar and the existing calendar. I hope fans can like it and communicate with each other.
The reason why1.158210/October 5-14 10 days disappeared is related to our current calendar, not disappeared, but artificially erased.
There are two kinds of artificial statements, one is calendar correction, and the other is the end of the world.
1, let's first understand the more scientific statement-10 days were erased due to calendar revision.
Birthdays are celebrated according to the solar calendar, that is, the Gregorian calendar, but in the older generation, it is generally the lunar calendar, that is, the lunar calendar. Because the current calendar in the world is the Gregorian calendar, that is, the year when Jesus was born is the first year of the Gregorian calendar (but after some research, people think that the year when Christ was born should be 6-4 BC), so these ten days are not all available historical records, but because of the existence of lunar calendar, Buddhist calendar, Islamic calendar and so on. Strictly speaking, it is not 1582 10 month. For example, in 2020, the date is 65438+ 10/1,the hijri calendar (Islamic calendar year) is February 24th 1442, and the hijri calendar has not yet reached 1582, so naturally there is no history. (This is not an argument, but a rigorous point of view, because everyone has subconsciously recognized that 1582 is the Gregorian calendar.)
Before 1582, the calendar used by Europeans was called julian calendar. At that time, the priest in charge of promulgating the almanac in Rome made a serious mistake and misunderstood the "three-year leap" stipulated in the original calendar as "three-year leap". From 45 BC to 9 BC, there should be 10 leap years, but they set 13 leap years.
The earth revolves around the sun once (that is, a tropical year), and the actual time is 365.2422 days. Then according to julian calendar, its average length is (365+365+365+366)/4 = 365.25 days. Compared with the tropical year, julian calendar has 0.0078 days more each year, namely 1 1 minute and 14 seconds. Although this calendar has always been accurate, there are still errors, and there will be a day deviation every 128 years. In the16th century, this deviation reached 10 days.
So in 1582, Pope Gregory XIII revised the calendar again. He took a simple and rude method-deleting it directly from the calendar. This 10 has become a blank in history. Later, this calendar was used with the new world system dominated by the west and spread to the whole world.
There is another saying, that is to avoid the end of the world.
We know that the Mayans predicted that 20 12, 12, 2 1 will be the end of the world, 10 days after 1582 disappeared, and at 20 12,/kloc-0. Of course, this statement can only be regarded as an idea after a meal.
Second, the development of the calendar in China Here, I will elaborate on it from the perspective of the development of the calendar in China. In fact, if the calendar of China directly follows the "ancient six calendars", there will be more ten days less. Let's find out. Personally, the development of China calendar shows a gradual transition from solar calendar to solar calendar and lunar calendar.
At first, the ancients began to have the concept of a day when the sun rises and sets in the west. The ancients' concept of month and year was much later than that of day. Then when a simple calendar appears, 15 months or other situations often appear in a year. Of course, we are now thinking about the ancients from the perspective of the Gregorian calendar, which is debatable.
China is the first country in the world to use calendars. According to historical records, there were 99 calendars at that time, most of which have been lost. The earliest existing calendar is the ancient Yin-Yang calendar of the Zhou Dynasty. The so-called lunar calendar is actually equal to the lunar calendar. That is, the "solar calendar", also known as the "solar calendar", takes the earth's revolution around the sun as a year. "Lunar calendar", also known as "lunar calendar", takes the moon's orbit around the earth as a month, and the number of hours the earth orbits the sun as a year. Therefore, it is actually a yin-yang calendar.
This traditional lunar calendar was mostly used in ancient China. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the method of 19 7 leap was used to adjust the lunar calendar very accurately, which is a great contribution with world significance. /kloc-it was more than 0/00 years before the Greeks invented this method.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, China has a four-season calendar, and its year-end is 365.25 days (the year-end is the days from "winter solstice" this year to "winter solstice" next year). This was the most progressive calendar in the world at that time, and its value was the same as that of the julian calendar promulgated by Caesar in Rome later, and it was hundreds of years earlier.
There were four lunar calendars in China at that time: Qin Jianhai, that is, the first day of the first month is the first day of the first month in the current lunar calendar. Zhou Jianzi, that is, the first day of November in the current lunar calendar is the first day of the first month. It is still ugly, that is, the first day of the first month of the current lunar calendar is the first day of the first month. Summer Yin Jian, that is, March of the weekly calendar is the first month. The current lunar calendar follows the lunar calendar of the Xia Dynasty, so it is also called the "Summer Calendar".
From the year of Yongzhenyuan in Tang Shunzong (AD 805), the calendar used in the palace lasted for 65,438+02 months, divided into 65,438+02 volumes, with one page per day. The calendar marked the month and date and was given to the eunuch who served the emperor. The eunuch wrote down the important events of the court in the blank space of the calendar. At the end of the month, it was submitted to the emperor for examination, then sent to historians for the record, and a "national history" was written.
Since Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, emperors of all dynasties have a tradition of sending calendars (called Qin calendars) to civil and military officials at the end of the year. In the general almanac, the experience of cadres and branches, monthly orders, solar terms, farming, auspicious days of the ecliptic, farming and so on. Print on the calendar and leave a blank record.
Western ancient calendars were relatively chaotic. But the ancient Greek calendar is basically similar to the China lunar calendar. In the ancient western calendar, spring is the beginning of a year, while in Egypt, autumn is the beginning of a year, and the day from winter to the next 10 is 1 month 1 day.
In ancient China, every calendar adjustment was to better guide agricultural production, because China is a traditional agricultural country, which has always been agriculture-oriented, emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce. Therefore, at present, farmers in China basically use the lunar calendar for farming activities.
During the Republic of China, the Gregorian New Year's Day was briefly changed to the Spring Festival, but most of them were still dominated by the Lunar New Year. After the founding of New China, two modes were basically formed, especially the national statutory holidays, the revival of traditional culture since 1990s and New Year's Day, but more importantly, the Spring Festival.
Thirdly, in the development of calendars around the world, the existing calendars are basically summarized by the relationship between the sun and the earth, and between the moon and the earth. However, because the earth is divided into the northern and southern hemispheres, the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres are just the opposite, and they are in different time dimensions. Calendars in different places have their own characteristics.
Here I only mention four existing calendars with a large number of users. The first three are all related to religion, and they are the three major religions in the world.
Gregorian calendar, that is, counting from the year when Jesus was born, is the first year. Today is 10,1in 2020.
The Buddhist calendar, that is, the year after the Buddha's nirvana, is the first year of the calendar. Today is 2564, which is widely used by people in Buddhist countries in Thailand and Southeast Asia.
The hijri calendar, also known as the Islamic calendar, is a kind of lunar calendar and is widely used by Muslims all over the world. In 639, Umar, the second caliph of Islam, decided to designate this year as the Islamic calendar era to commemorate the important historical event that Muhammad moved Muslims from Mecca to Medina in 622. Today is February 24th. 1442.
China Lunar Calendar and China Lunar Calendar are also calendars adjusted by Yin and Yang, not simple monthly calendars. At present, the China lunar calendar still adopts the heavenly stems and earthly branches Chronology, and today is August 25th of the Gengzi Year. There is also a short time according to the calendar year of the Yellow Emperor, also known as Xuanyuan calendar year, that is, today is August 25th, 47 17. There are two opinions about the first year, one is based on the year when Huangdi was born, and the other is based on the year when Huangdi was in power.
With the strength of the modern west, the Gregorian calendar has been widely recognized by the world, which also facilitates the exchanges between countries around the world and is also a manifestation of cultural globalization. Of course, calendars suitable for users are also kept all over the world. Like English, the Gregorian calendar is a universal language, and the local calendar is their mother tongue.
In A.D. 1582, Pope Yol Bonkampani changed the calendar, replaced julian calendar with the Gregorian calendar, and changed the date of 10 to 15.