Specific information about one of the 55 ethnic minorities

Shui nationality is one of the ethnic minorities in China. At present, there are 345,993 people, mainly living in Sandu County, Libo, Duyun and Dushan of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Kaili, Liping, Rongjiang and Congjiang of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, with a few scattered in the west of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Mainly engaged in agriculture, good at planting rice and glutinous rice.

The Shui nationality community is located at the southern foot of Miao Ling Mountain in the southeast of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and at the upper reaches of Liu Du and Longjiang River. With dense forests and picturesque scenery, it is suitable for the development of agriculture and forestry. It is the land of plenty and flowers in Guizhou Plateau. In folk songs, Shui people often describe their hometown as "as beautiful as a phoenix feather".

Shui people are engaged in agriculture, mainly planting rice. "Jiuqian Liquor" is the traditional liquor of the Shui people. The Shui nationality has its own calendar, which is basically the same as the summer calendar, except that the end of the year is August and the beginning of the year is September.

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Shui language belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family, Zhuang-Dong language family and Shui language family. The ancestors of the Shui people once created their own characters, called "Shui Shu", which were similar in shape to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and the inscriptions on bronze. It is an ancient Chinese character with a history of 2,000 years, but it has only more than 400 words, mostly used in witchcraft activities. These words are copied, and there is no block printing, but the calligraphy is basically the same everywhere. Most water people don't know each other. They use Chinese in their daily life.

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The ancestor of the Shui nationality is a branch of the ancient "Baiyue". The Shui nationality has a historical origin with the ancient "Luoyue" clan developed by one of the tribes. Before Qin and Han Dynasties, many tribes lived in Lingnan area and southeast coastal area. In 2 14 BC, the Qin dynasty unified Lingnan, and the ancestors of Shui people gradually moved northward to the border of Guizhou and Guangxi. Sui and Tang dynasties were collectively called "Xi Dongman"; In the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was called "Liao" together with Zhuang and Dong nationalities. In the Song Dynasty, a "water-rich country" was established here, which was called "water-rich people" in history. Zhou's place name implies that people who call themselves "water" have formed. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/3rd century, a large number of Han people moved here; 13-17th century, a large number of Han soldiers were transferred here to guard and settle down, and their descendants gradually merged into the Shui nationality.

The name "Shui nationality" was first found in the historical records of the Ming Dynasty. In Qing Dynasty, it was usually called "Shui Miao Family" and "Shui Family". After the founding of New China, the Shui nationality was officially named.

In the modern history of China, the Shui people wrote a brilliant chapter. 1855 10, Pan Xinjian led the armed uprising of the Shui nationality, put forward the resounding slogan of "no food and no taxes, overthrow the Qing Dynasty and enjoy peace", persisted in the struggle 16 years, and cooperated with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. From 65438 to 0909, Wu Chaojun led the uprising of the Shui nationality, Buyi nationality and Miao nationality. During the New Democratic Revolution, Deng Enming, the outstanding son of Shui people, was the only minority comrade in the first the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Congress. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, Shui people also actively participated in the struggle led by local underground party organizations.

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Shui people take rice as their staple food and like glutinous food. In addition, the Shui people also grow some miscellaneous grains such as wheat, corn, millet, barnyard grass, sweet potato and Mi Dou as supplementary food.

Shui farmers are not good at growing vegetables, so the varieties of vegetables are monotonous, and the most common ones are green vegetables, wide vegetables and big-leaf leeks. Aquarium pays more attention to aquaculture and fishery, so all kinds of livestock and aquatic products provide necessary meat food for aquarium life.

The sour soup of the aquarium is very distinctive, including spicy acid (made of pepper), hairy acid (made of tomato), fish acid (made of fish and shrimp) and stinky acid (made of pig and beef bones). Among them, spicy acid is the most commonly used. Spicy acid is made from fresh red pepper. The preparation method is as follows: clean fresh red pepper, add water and grind it into pulp with a mill, add a lot of sweet wine (or glutinous rice porridge), put it in a pickle jar, seal and ferment to get delicious sour soup. When eating, all kinds of vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, green vegetables, tender bamboo shoots, large-leaf leeks, wide-leaf vegetables, etc., are cooked and boiled with proper amount of acid. Paste Chili noodles, salt, and scoop a little vegetable soup to dip it in water. When eating vegetables, you should use water to eat them. They are delicious and appetizing. Cooking is rare, and I eat "hot pot" all year round. A large pot of sour soup dipped in water is almost a daily dish. Even if there is tofu, meat or fish occasionally, it is customary to add it to the dish and boil it in a pot.

Shui people love to drink, and every family will bake rice wine. Chinese New Year, celebrations or visiting relatives and friends are all inseparable from entertaining guests with wine. Aquarium hospitality has a long tradition, and taking turns is the cultural expression of hospitality.

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Shui men wear blue shirts with big collars and small hats with melon skins, while old people wear long gowns with linings on their heads and leggings on their feet. Women wear blue-green, black-blue, round neck, lapels, wide-sleeved tops, trousers, knotted waist and embroidered blue cloth shoes.

Since the 1940s, the men's wear of the Shui nationality is not much different from that of the surrounding Han nationality, but women's wear still retains distinctive national characteristics. The yarn quality of Shuijia cloth (9000 Qing Bu) woven by Shui women is fine and uniform, and the dyed blue, blue and green are deep and washable, which has been well-known as early as a hundred years ago. The original printing and dyeing process of Shui soybean milk painting has a history of more than 700 years, and its printing and dyeing products are deeply loved by the masses.

Women's dresses of Shui nationality are mostly sewn with water armor cloth, without collars, big skirts, semi-gowns and long gowns. Robes are knee-length and generally have no embroidered edges. Holiday and wedding costumes are completely different from usual. Shoulders and cuffs on wedding dresses, embroidered ribbons on trousers and knees, and colorful patterns on headscarves. Wear a silver crown on your head and a silver collar around your neck. Wear a silver bracelet on your wrist, a silver elegant collar on your chest, silver earrings on your earlobe, and embroidered shoes on your feet. Brides usually dress up beautifully and elegantly. In addition, women's embroidered suspenders are more artistic. It is said to be a "belt", but it is actually a gorgeous embroidered "T"-shaped "curtain" with belts on both sides of the upper end. The curtain is big enough to wrap the child. It is made by winding a white ponytail with white silk thread, adding silk threads of other colors, respectively embroidering various patterns, and finally splicing the embroidered patterns onto the strap fabric. Straps are beautiful and practical, and they are the best gifts for mothers to give to their married daughters.

Before marriage, Shui women like to make leisure robes with light blue, green or gray fabrics, and their tops are mostly satin. The sleeves of the clothes have shrunk compared with the past, and they look neat and curvy. The embroidered apron on the chest and the long green and white cloth scarf on the head are elegant and quiet. The cuffs, shoulders and trouser cuffs of married women are decorated with blue lace. Long hair is combed into a coil on the top of the head and inserted into the comb from the right side to fix it. Some women wear white scarves horizontally outside headscarves, and some directly wrap their heads with plaid square scarves, which is traditional and fashionable.