In February, 2020, agriculture arranged the main crops, with wheat as the focus and spring ploughing as the focus.
According to the observation in different areas in previous years, during February, the main meteorological disasters of crops were: spring drought, freezing injury, freezing rain, strong wind, pests and diseases. Generally speaking, crops we often refer to all kinds of plants cultivated in agriculture, mainly including food crops and cash crops. The following is a detailed description of the main crop farming arrangements in February from three angles:
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? I. Food crops and cash crops
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? The main food crop managed in February is wheat, and beginning of spring will be welcomed on February 4th. After a period of time, with the temperature rising slowly, wheat will also enter the green period, and the management of the green period of wheat is very important. Combined with the analysis of previous years, the management of wheat farmers in different regions is different.
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? First, weeding, many wheat farmers chose to spray wheat herbicides years ago. The field turned green and there were not many weeds, so wheat herbicide was not sprayed. On the contrary, some wheat growers didn't spray wheat herbicides for various reasons years ago (for example, there were few weeds in the fields, many didn't emerge, or they didn't have time before, etc.). ). So after turning green, they should spray herbicide after seedling in time.
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? The second is watering. Wheat has gone through the whole winter, and many areas are in a relatively dry state due to less rainfall and snowfall. After entering February, wheat began to grow again, in which water content is very important. For the drought and cracks in the field soil, it is necessary to water it in time to alleviate the drought and promote the normal growth of wheat. What needs to be noted here is that watering should not be flooded, and there can be no water in the field for 24 hours;
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? Third, fertilization, in order to improve the cold resistance of wheat in winter, it seems that the growth of the upper part is stagnant. In fact, the roots of the underground part have been absorbed and grown. For plots with insufficient application of base fertilizer, fertilization may occur in February due to the large consumption of nutrients, which may affect the recovery of wheat growth. Therefore, proper topdressing is very important, and urea is the main fertilizer, with an area of 65,438 per mu.
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? There are many kinds of cash crops that need to be managed in February, such as fertilization management of garlic, watering and fertilization management of rape, management of broad beans and preparation of some vegetables. Compared with food crops, the planting area of cash crops will be smaller and sometimes concentrated in some areas. Judging from most planting areas, February is mainly about the preparation of crops, the purchase of seeds and fertilizers, and the preparation of some agricultural instruments, such as whether agricultural instruments are working normally.
Second, the region
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? From a regional perspective, due to the great differences in regional climate, the agricultural arrangements in February are also different, as follows:
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? Northeast China and Inner Mongolia: Due to the cold weather, there are basically no crops in the farmland, so there are basically no specific farming operations in February. However, crops are mainly planted once a year in the local area. Therefore, some farmers began to prepare to buy agricultural products, such as fertilizers, seeds and irrigation equipment. By the middle and late April, we can basically sow. Of course, some farmers prepared fertilizers and seeds years ago.
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? North China: There are two main agricultural arrangements in February, one is spring ploughing and the other is the management of returning wheat to green. The planting area of winter wheat in North China is not small. Therefore, the more important arrangement is the management of wheat greening, such as weeding, fertilization and watering. For specific operation, please refer to the content of the first crop. The preparatory work, on the one hand, is the situation of spring grain planting. For example, some farmers need to buy seeds and fertilizers to grow spring corn, spring peanuts, spring soybeans and so on. On the other hand, some farmers will grow some seasonal vegetables and need to buy corresponding agricultural products. In addition, some farmers recently fertilized and watered garlic and rape, which was also a farming management in February. If there are farmers who grow rape and garlic, they need to pay attention.
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? Northwest China: In February, there were mainly two farming arrangements in the northwest. First, if there are farmers who grow wheat, check the soil moisture in the local fields. If there are cracks, rake and press first, then irrigate and water when the temperature is suitable, and then the weeding and topdressing work should also keep up. Second, if there are no farmers planting winter wheat, we should make preparations for spring sowing crops.
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? Southwest China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: rape planting area is relatively large. Therefore, the main agricultural arrangements in February are not only the management of wheat turning green and the preparation of spring sowing crops, but also the management of rape. Generally, urea or ammonium bicarbonate can be used as topdressing, and the dosage is 8- 10 kg per mu. In case of insufficient special fertilizer, it can be appropriately increased to 10- 10 kg. There is a saying in planting rape that "if you want to eat oil, the February ditch will run water". Therefore, the field should not be dry for a long time, and it should be irrigated and watered in time. Finally, for the control of rape pests and diseases, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, downy mildew, aphids, etc., preventive measures should be taken in advance. For Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the available agents include ethephon, dimethachlon and iprodione, as well as downy mildew. Available chemicals include 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 70% mancozeb wettable powder and 25% metalaxyl wettable powder. For aphids, 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, 5% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate, 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules, 5% beta-cypermethrin emulsion in water, 25% pymetrozine wettable powder, etc.
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? South China: There are many kinds of early rice farmers in South China. Therefore, during February, there were three main agricultural management points. First, some farmers who grow wheat should do a good job in the management of the greening period, and the specific operations are the same as those in the above areas; The second is to make preparations for spring sowing crops; Third, early rice can be sown in parts of southern South China in late February. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in pre-sowing management and smooth sowing (in addition to early rice, some farmers also sow early corn and early soybeans).
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? Third, defensive measures.
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? As mentioned above, the main meteorological disasters of crops in February are: spring drought, freezing injury, freezing rain, strong wind, pests and diseases, etc. Therefore, farmers should take preventive measures in advance against these meteorological disasters.
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? Prevention of spring drought: crops in most parts of China will experience a winter (such as wheat, garlic, rape, etc. ), and winter is a season with little rain. Therefore, after entering spring, the problem of spring drought is more serious, and irrigation and watering management should be done well. First, sprinkler irrigation can be used for watering if conditions permit, but not for flooding. However, whether it is sprinkler irrigation or flood irrigation, irrigation is not recommended, as long as the amount of water is appropriate. The standard is that there is no obvious water accumulation in the field within one day. Too much water, long-term water accumulation in the field, affects the root respiration of crops, which has the opposite effect;
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? Secondly, if there is snow in the local area, we can replenish water by collecting snow water to ensure water supply. It is also advisable to keep the soil in the field moist without water accumulation. No matter what measures are taken, we can ensure enough water, not too much.
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? Freezing injury prevention: Although the temperature in many areas began to rise slowly in February, the temperature in some areas was relatively high. In addition, we should also pay attention to the arrival of "cold spring". We have seen many articles analyzing that this year is a warm winter, so the probability of "cold spring" will increase. Whether the specific results will appear or not, farmers should take preventive measures in advance. First, they can cultivate and loosen the soil.
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? Secondly, proper topdressing treatment will lead to excessive consumption of base fertilizer when sowing crops after one winter. Therefore, timely supply of fertilizers, provide nutrients needed for growth, promote the rapid recovery of normal growth of crops, and improve their own cold resistance; Thirdly, increasing the application amount of organic fertilizer can effectively deal with freezing injury by increasing the application amount of decomposed organic fertilizer. On the one hand, organic fertilizer contains rich substances that affect crop absorption and promote crop growth. On the other hand, organic fertilizer covers the field, which indirectly protects crops and reduces the harm of freezing injury when low temperature strikes.
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? Freezing rain: When spring comes, the rainfall will increase. Under normal circumstances, rainfall is beneficial to the growth of crops. However, if the temperature drops at the same time, freezing rain will form. In some areas, the temperature dropped below zero. After the rain, the fields will freeze and the crops will freeze. In addition, freezing rain will also affect young forests and fruit trees. Therefore, it is very important to prevent freezing rain. First, freezing rain will come.
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? Wind damage: During February, windy weather may occur in some areas of the plain, and strong winds will cause certain damage to vegetables or weak crops in farmland. Therefore, in this case, in windy areas, preventive measures should be taken to prevent wind damage. First, if farmers plant greenhouses, they must do a good job in strengthening them to avoid the collapse of scaffolding. Second, for relatively tall crops, such as young trees, we should do a good job of cultivating the soil to avoid lodging. Thirdly, for the crops lodging due to the wind disaster, those that can be lifted up should be lifted up in time, and those that cannot be lifted up should be cleaned up to avoid more serious losses in the future.
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? Prevention of pests and diseases: Although February is not the high incidence period of crop pests and diseases, we should also guard against the harm of pests and diseases. For example, a farmer in Shandong sent a photo of the wheat red spider yesterday, which has already happened in the field. The existing control agents include abamectin, pyridaben, propargite, bifenthrin and hexythiazox. However, due to the large regional temperature difference, pests and diseases have not yet broken out in some areas where the temperature is not very high. In view of the relatively high temperature area, we must always observe and prevent it in time to avoid causing greater harm. I would like to remind everyone here that pest control is the main thing. Once it happens in the field, it should be prevented in time in the early stage.
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? The above are the agricultural arrangements for the main crops in February 2020, but there are special circumstances this year, that is, the outbreak of the epidemic, and we are not advised to go out. Therefore, in view of this, everyone should use it flexibly in combination with local specific conditions. At the same time, I hope that the epidemic will end as soon as possible and the management of agriculture will return to normal.