The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in China. There are () days this year.
Leap month and leap year
If you don't pay attention, probably many people think that "leap month" and "leap year" are the same meaning, but they are not. Although there is only one word missing, the meaning is far from the same.
"Leap year", which we usually say is 365 days a year, is actually a rough figure, and the exact figure should be 365.2422 days. Then there are 365 days in a year, which is O.2422 days different from the actual year, so four years later, it is nearly one day less than the actual year. In order to make up for this difference, the calendar stipulates that four years is a leap year, that is, a year divisible by four is a leap year, and additionally stipulates that every century year (a year with two zeros at the end) must be divisible by 400 to be a leap year. For example, 1996 is a leap year, and 2000 is also a leap year, but 1700 is not. The leap year in the solar calendar has 29 days in February, the leap day is February 29 and the leap year in the solar calendar has 366 days. That is to say, February of leap year in the solar calendar is not called leap February, and leap month is unique to the lunar calendar.
Now let's talk about "leap month". Leap moon refers to a phenomenon in the lunar calendar. The lunar calendar arranges the big moon and the small moon, that is, the moon, according to the full and short moon. The length of a moon is 29.5306 days, which is the cycle of the moon's profit and loss. According to the lunar calendar, there are 30 days for the big moon and 29 days for the small moon, and a year is 12 months * * 354 days. The lunar month has no seasonal significance, so just after 17, the date of the lunar calendar will be reversed with the seasons. For example, one year's New Year is spent in the snow, and after 17, the vermicelli will be shaken to celebrate the New Year. The use of such a calendar naturally cannot meet the needs of agricultural production, so the lunar calendar in China has been in parallel with the 24 solar terms since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and the 24 solar terms are used to guide agricultural production.
Twenty-four solar terms can be divided into two groups: "solar terms" and "middle qi": the ancients regarded every 300 meridian from slight cold as a solar term; From the winter solstice, every 300 meridian is a neutral gas, and there are 12 solar terms and 12 neutral gas in a year. 12 solar terms divide a year into 12 months, and each month has a solar term and a neutral atmosphere. Solar term is the starting point of solar term month; Zhongqi is the midpoint of the festival. The traditional calendar in China does not adopt the method of day-to-day and month-to-month sequence and long-term arrangement of big month, small month, normal year and leap year, but emphasizes the calculation from year to month. The state sets up special institutions to calculate calendars.
(1) Set the date order according to the moon phase. It calculates the date and time of the conjunction of the sun and the moon one by one, and the first day of each month is the date of the conjunction; Determine the size of last month according to the number of days included in the second conjunction. If the interval between this new moon and the next one is 30 days, then this month is the big moon; If it is only once every 29 days, it is an abortion.
(2) Set the month order with neutral gas. First of all, the calendar month and leap month are distinguished by whether the calendar month is neutral or not. We know that there are 12 neutral gases in a tropical year, but it contains 365.2422 ÷ 29.5306 = 2.3682 satellites. After several calendar months of rotation, there must be a calendar month without neutral gas. "Han Shu Li Biao" contains: "The new moon cannot be seized, which is called leap moon". This month without neutrality is a leap month. When the previous calendar day is a few months, it is a leap month. For example, the leap month of 1984 appears after October of the old calendar, so it is called "leap October". Leap months are calculated, not fixed in the monthly order of the year. In addition to 1 1 month,1February and the first lunar month, leap month is possible, and it is the seventh leap month in the nineteenth year.
To sum up, leap year is a phenomenon in the solar calendar, which is fixed in February, 29 days longer than the normal year; Leaping moon is a phenomenon in the lunar calendar. This is a leap month. That year, there were 13 months in the lunar calendar, and that year was called leap month year. Leap Moon is 384 years old.
February 28th Source:
The origin of February 28th was in 46 BC, and Julius Caesar, the ruler of ancient Rome, presided over the formulation of the solar calendar, stipulating that in the 12 months of each year, every single day is 3 1 day, and every double day is 30 days. According to the custom of ancient Rome, February was the month when death row inmates were executed. People think this month is unlucky and should be shorter, so there are only 29 days. Later, when Augustus became the Roman emperor, he found that his predecessor Caesar was born in July, which was a big month. I was born in August and actually had a miscarriage, so I ordered that August be changed into a big month, and at the same time, all the two months in the second half of the year were changed into a big month, and September, 1 1 were changed into a miscarriage, and the missing day was deducted from mid-February. Poor February, only 28 days left.
In the China lunar calendar, a year with a leap month is called a leap month year. The general year is 12 months, 354 or 355 days, and the leap year is 13 months, 383 or 384 days. As a kind of lunar calendar, the number of days in each month depends on the monthly loss, and the time of one year is based on 12 months. In order to close the earth's cycle around the sun, that is, the tropic year, one month is added every two to four years, and the added month is a leap month, so the leap year of the lunar calendar is 13 months.
There is no thirteenth month in the lunar calendar. According to the calendar rules, leap months are repeated from February to the same month after 10, and the repeated months are leap months. For example, the leap month after April is called leap April.
Calculation of leap month in lunar leap year, three-year leap, five-year leap, 19 leap; The lunar calendar basically takes 19 as a cycle, corresponding to the same time in the Gregorian calendar. For example, in the Gregorian calendar, May 27th, 2006, 5438+0, May 27th 1982 and May 27th 1963 are the fifth day of leap April.
Gregorian calendar 1982-2042 and lunar leap year leap month comparison table
The year of the leap month (the first day) in the Gregorian calendar month.
1May 23, 982, leap April, small non-year.
1984165438+1October 23rd, October of leap year.
1July 26, 987, leap June, big year.
1June 23, 990, leap in May, year of Dageng Wunian.
1April 22, 993 March of leap year.
1995 August 25th of leap year.
1June 24, 998 leap year may small wuyin year
200 1 leap April, Xinsi year.
March 2 1 day, 2004, was February of the Great Shen Jianian.
August 24, 2006, leap July, the year of Taepo B.
June 23, 2009, leap May, the year of great ugliness.
20 12 may 2 1 leap April, the year of Xiao renchen.
2014101October 24th, leap in September, Xiao Wu's good year.
2065438+July 23, 2007, leap June, Dading Unitary Year.
May 23, 2020, leap into April, the year of little boxer.
March 22, 2023, leap February, the year of the Great Guimao.
July 25, 2025, leap June, has been four years.
June 23, 2028, leap in May.
April 22, 20031year, leap into March, 1911.
August 25th, 2033, July of leap year.
July 23, 2036, leap June, Xiao nian.
June 22, 2039, leap in May, has not yet reached the end of the year.
March 22, 2042, leap February, a big year.