The 73-year-old carpenter built a 30-square-meter hut with less than 65,438+0,000 yuan.
The old carpenter's name is Peng Zhejun, and he comes from Guiyang, Guizhou. He has many "special functions", such as building without nails, the brain can "make" architectural drawings, see good wood at a glance, and build a house without power tools. ...
"I want my grandchildren to see what the house we used to live in in the countryside looks like and let them know about the culture of this mortise and tenon building." This original intention made Peng Zhejun, who is nearly ancient and rare, spend half a year building this hut.
"Make" the construction drawing in your mind
Different from the construction of modern buildings, it is necessary to calculate and draw drawings repeatedly. "It's all here." The old man proudly pointed to his head covered with silver hair. "We carpenters always use our brains to build houses."
Before starting work, he "drew" drawings in his mind: what the appearance is, what the internal structure is, and what the details are. He has to think over and revise them constantly.
Then, according to the "drawings", estimate the quantity and type of wood in your mind. "The wood for building a house is very particular. The fir tree is the best girder and will not rot by insects; Eucalyptus has a compact structure and can be used as a window. " He didn't start construction until everything was figured out in his mind.
Good wood can be seen at a glance.
The wood in this hut was found by the old man in the scrap market. He spent less than 1 000 yuan and bought about 5 cubic meters of Chinese fir material. Among them, he also found a piece of nanmu worth 300,000-400,000 yuan, and took it away after spending only 700 yuan to make a growing table at home.
There is not a nail in the whole house.
The wooden house built by Peng Zhejun adopts the traditional tenon-mortise structure, and all parts are firmly fixed together through various nested structures without using a nail. This structure is firm and durable, and there is no problem of corrosion and decay of hardware. This kind of wooden house can be preserved for 60 or 70 years except for accidents such as fire.
Building a wooden house is also manual labor, not to mention the old man is now 73 years old. But he insisted on using traditional tools. He felt that it was more convenient to use, and his homework was quiet and would not disturb his neighbors.
On the day the wooden house was put up, all the relatives and friends of the old man came to help. The children also found it interesting and ran after it.
But most of the time he finished the work alone: making doors, carving windows and playing with furniture. The completed hut is a miniature version of Peng Zhejun's hometown.
The end of carpenter's career
This hut is probably the last elevated carpenter's work in Peng Zhejun's carpenter career. He said that he was too old to do anything but do some fine carpentry.
In addition to being unable to move by himself, Peng Zhejun found that the number of carpenters in his hometown is gradually decreasing, because people prefer to live in cement houses. The carpentry industry is gradually forgotten by people living in reinforced concrete tall buildings.
Although it is a pity, the old man thinks this is understandable. "The times are developing, technology is improving, and people are willing to live a fast and convenient modern life." He said, "I just hope that the craftsmanship of our craftsmen will not disappear in the future."
Tenon and mortise-the soul of wood structure architecture
The wooden house built by Peng Zhejun adopts tenon-mortise structure, which is the main structural mode of traditional architecture in China. The ancients did not use nails and glue when building houses, but connected different building components through tenons and mortises. As shown below, the protruding part is called tenon and the recessed part is called mortise.
Tenon after tenon embodies the essence of China's traditional architectural culture for thousands of years. Later, this craft spread to Japan and was inherited by Japanese craftsmen from generation to generation. In Japan, this process is called "Hehe succession".
Possibility of tenon and mortise in modern architecture
Today, tenon-mortise structure is still used in the manufacture of some wooden furniture, but in the process of modern residential construction, this traditional building structure has been replaced by reinforced concrete. However, Sakamoto, a famous Japanese architect, used tenons and mortises in the construction of modern buildings. He built a tenon-mortise structure building in Zurich, Switzerland, which shocked the whole world.
In Media Tower, tenon-mortise structure is perfectly combined with modern architecture. This also shows the possibility of the revival of traditional handicrafts in modern life.
Back to the hut built by the old man at the beginning of the article, it seems a bit lonely in the reinforced concrete house in the city. However, it is precisely because of these "Peng Zhejun" who stick to traditional crafts that ancient wisdom and culture can be passed down in the torrent of the times.
(Source: World Wide Web, Jiange Interior Design Network, Dalang Elsa Blog, Zhulong Network; Netease home furnishing comprehensive finishing)