2020 senior three geography simulation volume and answer
2020 senior three geography simulation volume
The first volume (multiple choice questions)
First, multiple-choice questions (this sub-topic is multiple-choice, with 3 points for each question and ***60 points)
Urbanization is a complicated process. Generally, four characteristic elements, population (non-agricultural registered population), economy (per capita GDP), land (built-up area of municipal districts) and society (per capita total retail sales of social consumer goods), are selected to study the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of urbanization. The following figure shows the statistics of the overall average annual growth rate of urbanization in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 1985-20 12. Look at the picture and answer 1 ~ 3.
1.1985-2012, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ()
① The proportion of non-agricultural population is on the rise; ② The area of urban built-up area is constantly expanding.
③ The fluctuation of GDP per capita decreases; ④ The proportion of tertiary industry shows a downward trend.
A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④
2.2001-The reason for the sudden change of urban land and population in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2004 may be ().
A. Large-scale construction of development zones B. Urbanization has entered an advanced stage
C. Urban infrastructure is perfect. D. Urban population naturally grows rapidly.
3. According to the difference of the average annual growth rate of the four characteristic factors, the cities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei ()
A. Surplus non-agricultural labor force B. Traffic is gradually unblocked
C. Residents' purchasing power is stagnant D. Land supply is tight
Danxia landform is an area where red sandstone and conglomerate (generally considered as river or lake deposits) are widely developed. Due to crustal uplift, it is a columnar and forest-like landform formed by long-term external force. The landform of Danxia in Fujian is "flat top, steep body and slow foot", and that of Danxia in Gansu is "dome, suspended top, steep body and slow foot" (as shown in the following figure). Answer questions 4 ~ 5 accordingly.
4. The geological process of Danxia landform formation is ()
Flowing water deposition-crustal subsidence-crustal uplift-external erosion
B. Crustal uplift-flowing water deposition-crustal subsidence-external force erosion
C. Crustal subsidence-flowing water deposition-crustal uplift-external force erosion
Flowing water deposition-crustal uplift-external erosion-crustal subsidence
5. There are differences in Danxia landform between Fujian Province and Gansu Province, mainly because of ()
A. Different climatic conditions B. Different geological structures
C. Different sedimentary environments D. Different rock types
Based on the investigation of a certain area in China, a research group drew the vertical band spectrum and related information of a mountain in this area (below). Complete 6 ~ 7 questions accordingly.
6. The belt with the richest variety of biological resources in the mountain natural belt is ().
A.ⅰb .ⅱc .ⅲd .ⅳ
7. The distribution of undergrowth plants at the top of the mountain is mainly due to ()
A. Low temperature and high wind speed B. Less precipitation and slow slope
C. strong light, thin soil layer D. high fertility and large temperature difference
Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has enjoyed the Mid-Autumn Festival and laurel. 20 19 September 13 (Lunar Mid-Autumn Festival) A teacher in Changsha found that osmanthus flowers on campus were not in bloom. On September 2 1 day, the teacher went to Henan to study and found that the same variety of osmanthus in the local school had drifted to the campus. After returning to Changsha, the teacher found that osmanthus fragrance did not overflow the campus until June 65438+1October 65438+February. Complete questions 8 ~ 10 accordingly.
8. According to the data, it can be inferred that the weather characteristics of Changsha from September 2 1 day to 10/2 are as follows.
A. the temperature has been very high. It experienced a cooling. C.it has rained less. D. it has rained twice.
At the end of September and July, the horticultural technicians in the Summer Palace "frozen" osmanthus fragrans which was about to enter the "pearl circle stage" to stop its growth. Before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival, potted osmanthus was moved outdoors, and the flowering period was about half a month. Move indoors again before the first frost. According to the materials, it can be judged that the gardeners in the Summer Palace have taken the following "freezing" measures for potted osmanthus.
A. ventilation B. increasing light C. reducing temperature D. increasing temperature
10. It can be inferred from the way of planting osmanthus in the Summer Palace that the most suitable climate type for planting osmanthus trees is
A. Mediterranean climate B. temperate monsoon climate
C. Temperate continental climate D. Subhard coniferous forest climate
"Online Farming" * * * Xiangnong is an O2O Internet farming model that realizes online adoption and offline adoption through Internet technology. In recent years, the brand-new Internet farming model initiated by Shenzhen Le Nong House has launched many eco-farming products that are deeply loved by investors and consumers. Answer the question 1 1 ~ 12 accordingly.
1 1. "Farming online" * * * The characteristic of enjoying agriculture is ()
A. advanced agricultural technology and large production scale. B. It conforms to the concept of food safety and has great development potential.
C. Free adoption is not conducive to rural ecological protection D. Consumer groups only point to young people, and the market is narrow.
12. "Farming online" * * * Enjoy the development of agriculture, and the impact on China's agricultural development is ().
A. Agricultural production activities are no longer limited by natural conditions.
B. following the market demand is not conducive to the upgrading of agricultural industrial structure.
C. Agricultural products are directly connected with users, and the transaction cost is high.
D. Retaining the labor force and alleviating the problem of rural population aging
Overpass is a modern land bridge built at an important traffic intersection in the city, which is layered up and down and travels in multiple directions without interfering with each other. It can effectively alleviate traffic. 1928, the United States first built the first overpass at the intersection of two roads in New Jersey. Based on this, the problem 13 ~ 15 was completed.
13. The statement about the overpass is incorrect.
A. Improving transport capacity
B.it's convenient to turn left, so you don't have to go around.
C. Beautiful forms and proper greening can become urban landscapes.
D. it is difficult to adopt it in cities due to land use restrictions.
14. One of the biggest defects of the overpass is the interweaving problem. Vehicles entering the main line want to stay on the left, and vehicles leaving want to stay on the right. The interweaving of the two greatly reduces the traffic efficiency and safety of the main line. It is speculated that the interweaving problem is most likely to occur in the following positions.
A.① B.② C.③ D.④
15. At present, it is generally believed that the outstanding problem brought by the construction of various types of overpasses in cities is the obvious division of cities. According to this analysis, the most suitable layout around the overpass should be
A. warehousing and logistics B. small supermarket C. cultural and educational center D. entertainment center
Natural colored cotton is a new textile raw material cultivated by modern bioengineering technology, and its fiber has natural color when cotton is flocculed. Xinjiang has the most suitable natural environment conditions for the growth of natural colored cotton, and is the largest natural colored cotton production base in China. The picture below shows the distribution of natural colored cotton in Xinjiang. Based on this, the problem 16 ~ 18 was completed.
16. Xinjiang natural colored cotton ()
A. the spatial distribution is uniform. It is concentrated in the south of the basin.
C. the basin margin is sparsely distributed. D. it is mostly distributed on alluvial fans.
17. The favorable natural conditions for planting natural colored cotton in Xinjiang are ().
A.the desert is vast. B. there is plenty of light. C. low land price. D. the land is vast and the population is sparse.
18. Compared with traditional long-staple cotton, the advantages of developing natural colored cotton do not include ().
A.it is beneficial to human health. B. the processing cost is reduced.
C. Reducing environmental pollution D. Providing industrial raw materials
The difference between a place's precipitation and its evaporation (the maximum evaporation that a place can achieve without limiting water supply) is called water profit and loss. Figure A shows the spatial distribution of annual average water profit and loss in a certain area of China, and Figure B shows the monthly distribution of water profit and loss in areas A, B and C. See the picture 19 ~ 20.
19. Regarding the description of water loss and gain in the illustrated area, the following statement is true ().
A. May is the lowest, and the temperature rises rapidly in May, with large evaporation. The highest in B month, with more precipitation and no evaporation.
C the lowest in June is in the rainy season, with heavy precipitation. The highest in D month, controlled by subtropical high, with large evaporation.
20. Judge the difference of solar radiation between A and C in June and August and its reasons ()
A.a >； c； A The altitude is higher and the days are longer. c； It's sunny with little precipitation.
C.a < C； C sunny day, less precipitation d.a.
Second, comprehensive questions
2 1. Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements. (20 points)
The Inner Mongolia Railway connects Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, with Mombasa, the largest port in East Africa. It is a modern railway built with China standards, China technology and China equipment, with a total length of 480 kilometers. There are 79 bridges and more than 65,438 culverts along the line. The Inner Mongolia Railway is the largest infrastructure construction project since Kenya's independence, and it is also the "flagship project" for Kenya to realize its national development vision in 2030. The construction of Inner Mongolia Railway has created tens of thousands of local jobs, and technology transfer has been realized through frontline practice and personnel training. The following picture shows the contour topographic map along the Inner Mongolia Railway.
(1) From the perspective of ecological environment protection, this paper analyzes the problems that should be paid attention to in the construction of bridges and culverts on Inner Mongolia Railway. (6 points)
(2) Evaluate the favorable influence of Inner Mongolia railway construction on local economic development. (8 points)
(3) In the construction of Inner Mongolia Railway, China enterprises transfer technology through technical training, technical cooperation and training of middle and senior personnel. Do you agree with this practice? Please provide a justification for the answer. (6 points)
22. Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements. (10)
Jinggangshan (Figure A) is located at the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, hundreds of kilometers away from Fiona Fang, and there are many small basins in the mountain. In the long geological evolution process, land and sea changes have occurred in Jinggangshan area many times, and soft and hard rocks have evolved into "wells" and "hills" respectively, forming a "well" landform (Figure B).
(1) Infer the cause of the special "well" landform in Jinggangshan. (6 points)
(2) According to the characteristics of Jinggangshan's natural geographical environment and local conditions, two measures to alleviate rural energy shortage are put forward from the perspective of open source, and the reasons are explained. (4 points)
23. Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements. (10)
Houtian Desert is located 28 kilometers south of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, bordering Ganjiang River in the east and Jinjiang River in the west. It is the largest sandy land in the subtropical zone, with a sandy area of10.3 million mu, and strong sandstorm activity in winter. Houtian desert has brought serious impact on the surrounding ecological environment, and the sand control work in the early stage of Houtian desert has effectively curbed the degree of desertification. However, due to the increase of tourism development in this area, the relevant departments have relaxed or even stopped their control, and land desertification has expanded again.
The adverse effects of Houtian desert on the surrounding ecological environment are briefly described, and some suggestions on desert control are put forward.
Reference answer
1.A 2。 A 3。 D
Analysis: Question 1, reading pictures shows that the average annual growth rate of non-agricultural population is fluctuating and rising, which is correct. The average annual growth rate is greater than 0, indicating that the built-up area is enlarged and the per capita GDP is improved, so ② is correct and ③ is wrong. The information in the picture cannot reflect the changing trend of the proportion of the tertiary industry, and ④ it is wrong. Therefore, A is correct. Question 2, the key to this problem is "mutation". When urbanization enters an advanced stage and the urban infrastructure is perfect, it will not cause a sudden increase in population, so B and C are excluded. The natural growth of urban population is slow, even negative, so D is wrong. Large-scale construction of development zones can provide more jobs for workers and attract a large number of people to move in, so A is correct. Question 3: The average annual growth rate of land in the picture is greater than 0, the area of urban built-up area is enlarged, and the amount of land is increased, which may lead to tight land supply, so D is correct. The average annual economic growth rate in the picture is much higher than the average annual population growth rate, which shows that economic development has provided more jobs for workers, and the statement of surplus non-agricultural labor force is wrong; The information in the picture has little to do with whether the traffic is smooth; The average annual economic growth rate is high, the economy develops rapidly, the income of residents increases, and the purchasing power of residents increases, so A, B and C are wrong.
4.C 5。 A
Analysis: Question 4. Data show that Danxia landform is formed by the erosion of sedimentary rocks by external forces. From this, we can infer the geological process of its formation: first, the crust sinks, the sediments in the water solidify into rocks, forming sedimentary rocks such as red sandstone and conglomerate, then the crust rises, and finally Danxia landform is formed by external forces. So choose C.
Question 5: Fujian Province is located in the southeast coastal area of China, with subtropical monsoon climate, abundant annual precipitation and strong flowing water; Gansu province is located in the northwest inland, mainly belonging to temperate continental climate, with less annual precipitation and remarkable wind power. According to the geological process of Danxia landform formation, the sedimentary environment, rock types and geological structure of Danxia landform in Fujian Province and Gansu Province are similar, but B, C and D are wrong.
6.B 7。 An analysis. The richness of biological resources depends on two factors: one is the complexity of geographical environment; The second is the superiority of ecological environment conditions. It can be inferred from the figure that the height range II is the area with the largest precipitation change in this mountainous area, with a large vertical height change and complex geographical environment. The vegetation is a mixed forest belt of evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, with many vegetation types. Therefore, there will be more kinds of biological resources. Moreover, the second slope is large and is less affected by human activities. So b fits the question. I the living environment is superior, but the altitude is low and the slope is small, which is greatly influenced by the human environment. Biodiversity is less than II, excluding a. The living environment conditions (hydrothermal conditions) of III and IV are poor, and the types of biological resources are not the richest, so C and D are excluded. So choose B.
7. The top of the mountain is high in altitude and the temperature is relatively low; The figure shows that the wind speed at the top of the mountain is 5.9, and the wind is relatively strong, which is not suitable for the growth of tall trees and there are many short forests. A fits the question. The information in the figure shows that the slope of the top of the mountain is steep, and the precipitation reaches 1643.5mm, which is higher than the foot of the mountain. B doesn't fit the question. The precipitation at the top of the mountain is about 1643 mm, which is rich in precipitation and weak in light, and the light has little to do with the distribution of dwarf forests. C does not meet the meaning of the question. Due to the steep slope, the top soil layer is thin and the soil is barren; High altitude, small temperature difference, high fertility and large temperature difference will not lead to the distribution of many dwarf forests, and D does not meet the meaning of the question. So choose a.
8.B 9。 D 10。 A
Analysis 8. According to the material, sweet-scented osmanthus blooms after the weather turns cool in autumn. Osmanthus fragrans blooms earlier in Henan than in Changsha, mainly because of its high latitude and lower temperature. However, from September 2 1 to1October 12 in Changsha, osmanthus fragrans did not bloom until June 10+02, indicating that Changsha experienced an obvious cooling. If the temperature is always high, osmanthus flowers are difficult to bloom, and A is wrong. ACD is wrong. Precipitation has little to do with osmanthus blossom. CD is wrong. So choose B.
9. It is not the low temperature that "freezes" osmanthus, but the greenhouse. Osmanthus fragrans will bloom only when the temperature drops in autumn. When the temperature rises, it will inhibit its growth, thus playing a "freezing" role. Ventilation will not affect the opening of osmanthus fragrans. AB is wrong. Lowering the temperature will lead to the early opening of osmanthus fragrans, which does not meet the meaning of the question. So choose D.
10. Osmanthus fragrans is potted in the Summer Palace. It can be judged that Osmanthus fragrans is suitable for growing in warm areas in winter and is not tolerant to low temperature. Therefore, the most suitable area for planting osmanthus fragrans is the Mediterranean climate zone. The temperate monsoon climate, temperate continental climate, and sub-frigid coniferous forest climate are all cold in winter, which is not suitable for large-scale planting. BCD is wrong. So choose a.
1 1.B 12。 D
Analysis: Question 1 1, according to the material information, "online farming" is an O2O internet farming model that realizes online adoption and offline adoption through internet technology. This model only realizes the user's "customized" farming with the help of the Internet, and the agricultural technology is not advanced, so option A is wrong; Both online adoption and offline adoption are in ecological farms, which is conducive to rural ecological protection, conforms to the concept of food safety and has great development potential, so option C is wrong and option B is correct; "Online farming" has a wide range of consumers, not just young people, so option D is wrong. Question 12, "online farming" needs offline foster care, which is limited by natural conditions, so option A is wrong; "Online farming" conforms to the market demand and is conducive to the upgrading of agricultural industrial structure. Option B is wrong; Agricultural products are directly connected with users, and there is no third party intervention, so the transaction cost is low and option C is wrong; "Online farming" will improve agricultural economic benefits, increase employment opportunities, reduce young and middle-aged laborers who go out to work, and alleviate the aging problem of rural population, so option D is correct.
13.B 14。 B 15。 A
13 analysis. The overpass doesn't need to use traffic lights, so it will improve the traffic capacity. A doesn't meet the question. Observe the direction of the arrow in the figure. Turn left on the overpass and you need to go around 270, which is convenient for turning right and going straight. B fits the question. The picture shows that the overpass is beautiful in form, and proper greening can become an urban landscape. C does not meet the meaning of the question. The picture shows that the overpass covers a large area and is difficult to use in the city. Most of them are built in the suburbs, and D doesn't fit the question. So choose B.
14. The picture shows that the vehicles merging into the main line from ③ want to drive on the left at ②, while the left-turning vehicles near ② want to drive on the right, so the left-turning vehicles and the straight-going vehicles are easily intertwined at ②, which greatly reduces the traffic efficiency and safety of the main line. ① Located in the right-turn lane, ③ in the left-turn lane, and ④ in the straight lane. There is no interleaving problem, and A, C and D are excluded. So choose B.
15. The overpass is mainly built from the perspective of smooth motor vehicle traffic, but it has obvious segmentation benefits for pedestrians or non-motor vehicles, and it is suitable for the layout of the warehousing and logistics industry with motor vehicles as the main part. The construction of overpass has obvious segmentation benefits for pedestrians, and it is not suitable for small supermarkets that require large traffic. B doesn't fit the question. The noise and air pollution near the overpass are serious, which is not suitable for the layout of cultural and educational centers and entertainment centers. C and d don't fit the question. So choose a.
16、D 17、B 18、D
16. Looking at the map, we can see that the natural colored cotton in Xinjiang is unevenly distributed, mainly concentrated on alluvial fans along the river in the northern edge of the basin.
17, the northwest region is arid and the soil is barren, which is not conducive to colored cotton planting; Sufficient light in Xinjiang is beneficial to the accumulation of organic matter in colored cotton and can improve the quality of colored cotton; Low land price and sparse population are not natural conditions.
18, colored cotton products can reduce printing and dyeing processes in the textile process, reduce processing costs, reduce environmental pollution, and benefit human health; Both traditional long-staple cotton and natural colored cotton can provide industrial raw materials.
19、A 20、B
19. According to the information in Figure B, the lowest water profit and loss values of A, B and C all appeared in May. According to Figure A, this area is located in the northeast of China and belongs to temperate monsoon climate. In May, the temperature rose rapidly and the evaporation was large.
20. According to the curve analysis of Figure B, the water profit and loss of land A from June to August is less than 0, which indicates that there is less precipitation, more sunny days and strong solar radiation. The water profit and loss of the third place is greater than 0, indicating that there is more precipitation, less sunny days and less solar radiation. This period is summer, and the higher the latitude, the longer the day. A has high latitude, longer daytime and longer sunshine time than C, so solar radiation A is greater than C.
2 1, answer (1) Try to keep the original appearance of natural rivers and currents; (2 points) Avoid blocking the river during construction and destroying the natural environment near the river; (2 points) Avoid ecological protection zones; (2 points) Animal migration channels in protected areas, etc. (2 points)
(2) Improve the transportation network and improve the transportation capacity; (2 points) Improve infrastructure and attract investment; (2 points) Promote the development of resources and promote the development of related industries; (2 points) Promote connectivity in East Africa. (2 points)
(3) in favor. Conducive to China's technology export and improve economic benefits through technology transfer; (2 points) It is conducive to improving the level of domestic technology research and development; (2 points) It is conducive to further deepening China-Africa cooperation and achieving mutual benefit and win-win; Wait a minute. (2 points)
Disapprove. May cause the leakage of China's core technology; (2 points) Reduce long-term economic benefits; (2 points) The education level in Africa is low, and training will consume a lot of manpower and financial resources; Wait a minute. (2 points)
The problem (1) is analyzed, and the problems that should be paid attention to are expounded from the aspects of reducing the interference to the natural ecological environment, maintaining the original appearance of natural rivers and water flows, reserving animal migration passages, and avoiding ecological protection areas when crossing complex terrain areas. Question (2) This paper mainly analyzes the favorable influence of the construction of Inner Mongolia Railway on local economic development from the aspects of improving local infrastructure, increasing investment and resource development, changing traffic conditions and regional links. Question (3), this question is an open question. You can support a point and put forward your own argument.
22. Answer: (1) This area has experienced many land and sea changes, and the geological process is complex (or the result of the interaction of internal and external forces); Under the action of external force, the fractured and soft rocks are weathered and eroded into valleys (basins) along the fractured zone; Rocks with complete structure and hard lithology are not easy to be eroded, and relatively uplift into hills.
(2) Building firewood forest: subtropical monsoon climate, sufficient water and heat, fast growth of trees; The mountainous and hilly areas are vast and suitable for forest land. Small hydropower development: subtropical monsoon climate, abundant precipitation, many rivers and large flow; Mountain and hilly terrain, large river drop, rich water energy. Biogas production: subtropical monsoon climate, abundant water and heat, dense vegetation and rich raw materials; Subtropical monsoon climate, sufficient heat, is conducive to fermentation. (choose two ways to explain, if the choice of solar energy is reasonable)
Analysis: (1) According to the material "There have been many land and sea changes in Jinggangshan area, and soft and hard rocks have evolved into' wells' and' hills' respectively, which shows that Jinggangshan landform is the product of interaction between internal and external forces. Internal force makes the crust rise slowly, and soft rock is eroded by external force to form a small basin-"well"; Hard rocks rise into towering mountains-"hills". (2) Jinggangshan region belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with large topographic relief, high vegetation coverage and large river drop. Therefore, we can look for measures to develop energy from two aspects: vegetation and river drop.
23. Answer influence: The high temperature in sand in summer aggravates the surrounding heat; In winter, the strong northwest wind blows dust and invades villages, roads and farmland; Dust silted up the river and aggravated the flood. (6 points)
Governance: further planting trees and grass to prevent sandstorms; Through administrative means, strengthen the management of tourism activities, reduce the impact of tourism development on desertification, and increase the intensity of sand control. (Other answers are reasonable, 4 points)
Through the formation and control of Houtian desert, the influence of land desertification on the environment is investigated and the ability to summarize and analyze the control measures is summarized. The adverse effects of Houtian desert on the surrounding ecological environment are briefly described, which can be analyzed from the effects of land desertification on climate, atmospheric environment, rivers, production and life. The specific heat capacity of sand is small, and the temperature in sand is high in summer, which intensifies the heat in the surrounding areas; In winter, the strong northwest wind blows dust, which reduces the atmospheric transparency and affects the atmospheric quality. Dust invades villages, roads and farmland, affecting agricultural production and people's travel; Sand and dust silted the river, which affected flood discharge and aggravated flood disaster. The following suggestions for sand control can be analyzed from the aspects of policies and regulations, bioengineering, rational development, publicity and protection. Environmental protection departments strengthen the management of tourism activities through administrative means to reduce the impact of tourism development on desertification; Strengthen greening, plant trees and grass to prevent sandstorms; Strengthen publicity and raise people's awareness of sand prevention and control; Call on local people to actively participate in sand control activities.
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