? High-yield cultivation techniques of dark plum

Wu Mei likes warm, humid and sunny environment, is cold-resistant, drought-resistant and afraid of waterlogging, and has low requirements for soil, but sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose fertility is better. Heavy clay and saline-alkali soil are not suitable for planting.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization

Choose fields with high terrain and good drainage for intensive cultivation. Combined with soil preparation, sufficient base fertilizer is applied: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied per mu. Then make a high ridge with a width of 1.5 and wait for sowing.

Third, sow.

Plum can be propagated by seeds, grafting and cutting. Seed propagation: seeds must be treated before sowing, and the collected seeds will be piled up and rotted in June, taken out after about 10, and washed with running water. Soak in human urine before sowing 15 days. Then take it out and wash away the urine to sow. The sowing date can be winter sowing and spring sowing. Before sowing, the seeds of ebony can be planted in the soil with a row spacing of 25× 10 cm. Water to keep moisture, thus promoting the emergence of seedlings. The sowing amount per mu is 50 kilograms. Grafting propagation: rootstock adopts 1~2-year-old apricot and Prunus mume seedlings; The scion adopts the vegetative branches of dark plum which have blossomed and borne fruit and have excellent varieties. Directly in early spring, T-connection will do. Cutting propagation: after flowering in autumn equinox or early spring, cut off the 1 year-old stout branches and cut them into cuttings of about 20 cm, each with 3 knots. Cut into horse-ear-shaped inclined planes near the lower end, tie every 50 slices into a bundle, and soak the lower inclined plane with 500PPM rooting powder (ABT) or acetic acid (NAA) 10 second. Transplanting: Before germination in early spring, the whole plant of ebony seedlings should be planted with a row spacing of 3×2 meters. Water that preserves moisture for survival.

Fourth, on-site management

After the survival of ebony planting, attention should be paid to intertillage weeding, frequent watering in dry weather and timely drainage in rainy days. Topdressing once after fruit picking in May and June: topdressing urea 10 kg per mu and 50 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Topdressing soil mixed fertilizer once in winter. In the growth process of ebony trees, in order to improve the yield, it should be pruned, and the tree shape should become a natural happiness tree with open crown, hollow excircle, solid skeleton, low crown and high yield. In order to increase income and achieve short-term growth, some crops with short stems and short growth periods can be appropriately intercropped among plants in the first few years after planting.

Five, pest control

The main pest of ebony is anthracnose, which can be controlled by spraying 50% carbendazim 1000 times at the initial stage of the disease. Once every 7 days, spray continuously for 3 times. Prune diseased and dead branches in winter. The main pest is longicorn beetle, which can be dipped in cotton balls and stuffed into insect holes for poisoning. Aphids are controlled by pirimicarb.

Six, harvesting and processing

6-7 years fruit of dark plum seedlings; Grafted seedlings bear fruit in 2-3 years. 10 years later, it will enter the full fruit stage. You can pick it when the peel turns blue and yellow in May and June. Shake the collected fresh fruit in a bamboo basket, remove its fluff, take it out, wash it with clear water, dry it in the sun or dry it in the sun, and remove the core to get the ebony meat. 10- 15-year-old ebony tree, each tree can produce 50- 100 kg of fruit.