What is the economic loss caused by meteorological disasters in 2016?
The 2016 "China Climate Bulletin" released by the National Climate Center on January 10 stated that in 2016, affected by the super strong El Niño, my country's climate was abnormal, with many extreme weather and climate events, heavy rains, floods and typhoons. , severe floods occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, meteorological disasters caused huge economic losses, and the climate changed year by year.
The communiqué stated that in 2016, the national average temperature was 0.81°C higher than normal, the third highest in history, and 0.13°C and 0.09°C lower than 2015 and 2007 respectively; except for Heilongjiang, which was lower than normal. The temperatures in the remaining 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country were all on the high side. The national average temperature in summer hit a record high, with many high-temperature days and a wide range of impacts. Four regional high-temperature weather processes occurred across the country, and the highest daily temperatures in many places broke historical extremes
The precipitation in the country was the highest in history, and the national average The precipitation was 730.0 mm, 16% more than normal and 13% more than 2015. Precipitation was more than usual in all seasons, with winter and autumn being the most since 1961, and spring being the second most. Except for Shaanxi and Gansu, which were less, the rest of the country had less precipitation. All 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) experienced excessive rainfall. The areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, central and eastern parts of South China and Xinjiang experienced significantly higher rainfall. The average precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was the highest since 1961.
In 2016, the pre-flood season in South China started early and ended early with heavy rainfall; the rainy season in Southwest China started early and ended early with less rainfall; the rainy season in North China started late and ended early with heavy rainfall; the autumn rain in West China started late and ended early. Early and little rainfall. There are many heavy rain events. The number of heavy rain days in the country is the most since 1961. Floods occur simultaneously in the north and south. 26 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) suffer from urban flooding to varying degrees. This is the year with the most heavy rain and flood disasters.
There are many landfalling typhoons with strong average intensity. The proportion of landfalling strong typhoons is the highest in history. The direct economic losses of typhoons are higher than the average of the past 10 years; severe convective weather is frequent and reoccurring, with more than 2,000 counties (cities) across the country. If hail or tornado weather occurs, the losses will be heavy; the scope of drought is small and the impact will be light. The summer drought in Northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia and the consecutive summer and autumn droughts in Huanghuai, Jianghuai and Shaanxi are more obvious.
There were 8 large-scale, persistent moderate to severe haze weather processes throughout the year, 3 fewer than in 2015. From December 16 to 21, the longest lasting haze weather in 2016 occurred in North China, Huanghuai and other places. The haze weather process is long-lasting, has the widest impact, and is the most polluting.
In 2016, the climate conditions in major food crop producing areas were average. In some areas, crops were affected by heavy rains and floods, high and low temperatures, rainy weather, and periodic droughts.
In 2016, most regions across the country experienced more unfavorable days for transportation operations than usual, with more than 20 days being unfavorable in the central and eastern regions. In the winter half of 2016, the average atmospheric environmental capacity in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 13% and 2% lower than normal and in the past decade, respectively. The atmospheric environmental capacity in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta was lower than normal, but higher than in the past decade.
The "2015 China Greenhouse Gas Bulletin" released by the China Meteorological Administration on the morning of the 10th concluded that the 2015 super El Niño phenomenon contributed to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. On October 24 last year, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released the 2015 Global Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Bulletin. The communiqué stated that the El Niño climate event that began in 2015 lasted for 20 months and was the strongest super event since 1951 second only to 1997/1998.
Greenhouse gases mainly include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) restricted by the Kyoto Protocol. , perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and some halogenated greenhouse gases restricted by the Montreal Protocol. Among them, halogenated greenhouse gases are the general term for greenhouse gases containing halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, etc.) in the molecules, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), etc., almost all of which are produced by human activities. Used as refrigerants, foaming agents, sprays, cleaning agents, fire extinguishing agents, solvents, insulation materials, etc.
The China Business News reporter learned that since the 1980s, the China Meteorological Administration has successively built Waliguan in Qinghai, Shangdianzi in Beijing, Lin'an in Zhejiang, Longfengshan in Heilongjiang, Shangri-La in Yunnan, Jinsha in Hubei and Ah in Xinjiang. Seven atmospheric background stations including Kedala represent several typical climate, ecological and economic zones in my country, and carry out monitoring and analysis of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations in China. Four stations, namely Waliguan in Qinghai, Shangdianzi in Beijing, Lin'an in Zhejiang and Longfengshan in Heilongjiang, have also entered the World Meteorological Organization's global or regional atmospheric background station series, and have also been selected to enter China's national atmospheric composition background field scientific observation and research station series.
It is understood that the above-mentioned seven atmospheric background stations have carried out research on greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride and other halogenated greenhouse gases, as well as carbon monoxide, stable isotopes of carbon dioxide and other related greenhouse gases. Networked observation of trace components.
Among them, the Qinghai Waliguan Global Atmospheric Background Station began sampling and analysis in 1990 and began online observations in 1994. It has a history of more than 20 years and has the longest record of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases in China. Concentration time series. Since 2006, other atmospheric background stations have successively carried out greenhouse gas sampling and online observations.
At the same time, the China Meteorological Administration has initially established an analysis and calibration system that is in line with international standards, providing a demonstration, platform and experience for further standardized networked observations of greenhouse gases and related trace components. Areas such as quality assurance and quality control play an important role.
Monitoring data shows that in 2015, the concentration of some halogenated greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbons in my country’s atmosphere has begun to decline, while sulfur hexafluoride and some hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons have The concentrations of chemicals, perfluorocarbons, etc. are on a rapid upward trend. Among them, the concentrations of sulfur hexafluoride in the atmosphere at Qinghai Waliguan Station and Beijing Shangdianzi Station were 8.75±0.11ppt and 8.79±0.13ppt respectively, both reaching new highs since the observation.