19 Information of Zhao Zhouqiao

The Zhaozhou Bridge

(National key protected cultural relics)

Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, is located on the Weihe River in Zhao County, Hebei Province, across a river more than 37 meters wide. Because the bridge body is all made of stone, it is called "Dashiqiao" locally. Built in the Sui Dynasty from 595 to 605, it was designed and built by the famous craftsman Li Chun. It has a history of 1400 years. It is the second oldest single-hole open-shouldered stone arch bridge in the world (also a small commercial bridge) and the best preserved ancient bridge. Zhao Zhouqiao embodies the wisdom and crystallization of ancient working people, and creates a brand-new situation of bridge construction in China. [ 1]? It was about 20 17 years (some data are about 700 years) before similar stone arch bridges were built in Europe.

196 1 was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council, and won one of the top ten city cards in Shijiazhuang on 20 15. It is the first stone arch bridge in China. In the long years, it has experienced countless floods, wind and rain, snow erosion and eight earthquakes, but it is safe and sound, standing tall on the Qingshui River.

Geographical location? Zhao County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province

The first bridge in the world

Won the title of one of the top ten city cards in Shijiazhuang.

Designer Li Chun

Sister Bridge Hongji Bridge, Yongtong Bridge

Zhao Zhouqiao is a hollow circular stone arch bridge, which is the earliest and most intact giant stone arch bridge in China. Zhao Zhouqiao is the first open-shouldered stone arch bridge to be selected into the world record association Book of World Records, which is the best in the world. Zhao Zhouqiao, Cangzhou Iron Lion, Dingzhou Kaiyuan Temple Pagoda and Zhengding longxing temple Bodhisattva are called "Four Treasures of North China" by Hebei folks.

The bridge is 50.82 meters long, 37.02 meters long, 7.23 meters high and 9.6 meters wide at both ends. The design of this bridge is completely scientific and the construction technology is ingenious. Zhang said in the Tang dynasty that it was "made strangely, and people don't know why." The characteristics of this bridge are:

1. The whole bridge has only one big arch, 37.4 meters long, which was the longest stone arch bridge in the world at that time. Bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow, so there is no steep slope on the road above the big arch, which is convenient for horses and chariots to get up and down.

Second, there are two small arches on the shoulders of the big arch. This is a very creative design, which not only saves stones and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also increases the water flow in bridge opening and reduces the impact of floods on the bridge when the river surges. At the same time, add an arch on the arch to make the bridge more beautiful.

Three, the big arch is composed of 28 arch rings, just like so many arches with the same shape are put together to make an arc bridge opening. Each arch ring can independently support its weight. If one arch ring is broken, the other arches will not be affected.

Fourth, the structure of the whole bridge is symmetrical, which is very harmonious with the surrounding scenery; The stone pillars and slabs on the bridge are also beautifully carved. Zhang Kun of the Tang Dynasty said that looking at the bridge from a distance is like "the clouds rise at the beginning of the month, and Changhong draws a stream". Zhao Zhouqiao's superb technical level and immortal artistic value fully show the wisdom and strength of our working people. Zhao Zhouqiao's design concept and exquisite workmanship are not only second to none among ancient bridges in China, but also according to the research on bridges in the world, open-shouldered arch bridges like this did not appear in Europe until the middle of19th century, which was later than China 1200 years ago.

However:

Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, is located on the Weihe River in the south of Zhao County, Hebei Province. Locals call it Dashiqiao to distinguish it from another small stone bridge nearby. It is generally believed that the bridge was built in the Sui Dynasty and was repaired in the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. By the end of Qing Dynasty, the bridge had been seriously damaged. At 1930, Liang Sicheng visited the bridge and found the situation worrying:

"Five votes to the west, after one thousand years, collapsed in the late Ming dynasty. After the restoration, you can see brand-new stone lines. Later, Dongsan Road also fell during the Qianlong period. Now we can see from Guandi Pavilion that the central part of the east side of the bridge obviously has a tendency to collapse outward. If it is not repaired as soon as possible, the damage will go further. " ②

In Liang Sicheng's view, the bridge "this kind of open arch structure did not appear in Europe until the end of the 19th century, and then lasted for 200 years in China." So in the history of engineering, there are indeed priceless miracle treasures. "Worried that" this priceless national treasure will be destroyed ",1935, Liang Sicheng and archaeologist Li Ji had a proposal to request the National Government to rebuild the bridge, but there was no following. ③

1952, Hebei Provincial Highway Bureau suggested that the bridge should be overhauled. Go to 1954, and get special funds from the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Culture, thus opening the biggest renovation in Zhao Zhouqiao. 1956 the renovation project was completed (except the railing part), and this ancient bridge, which has experienced nearly 1400 years of wind and rain, is "completely new" in both internal structure and appearance.

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