200 points! The manifestation of Chinese elements in the world (foreign countries). An additional 200 points for a good answer

1. The influence of ancient Chinese currency culture on Southeast Asian coins

Chinese coins have a long history, a long history, and are extensive and profound. Ancient Chinese coin culture has a glorious chapter and is a magnificent heritage in the treasure house of world coin culture. It has had a significant impact on all parts of the world, especially on Samhan, Goguryeo, Silla, Baekje, Korea, Japan, Ryukyu, The countries of Java, Annam, Champa, Siam, Vientiane (Laos), Myanmar, and Chenla (now Cambodia) had the greatest impact. In addition, Chinese coins were used in Tianzhu, India, Persia, Nibolu (now Nepal), Daqin (Eastern Rome), Sumatra, Borneo, Luzon (now the Philippines), Xianlan (now Sri Lanka), Malaysia, Singapore and the East It is circulated and used in Southeast Asian countries and regions such as the Indies. It once played the role of world currency and played an important role. It has far-reaching significance. In addition, archaeologists have visited countries in Central Asia, Mesopotamia, the Persian Gulf, the mouth of the Nile River to Somalia, the East African coast, Madagascar to South Africa, and Central and South America in Mexico, Nicaragua, Brazil, Peru, Guyana, Chile, and the Caribbean. Traces of ancient Chinese coins have been found in the West Indies and other places.

2. The spread and influence of traditional Chinese culture abroad

After the Han and Tang dynasties, Chinese traditional culture, including Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, as well as writing, painting, architecture, sculpture, etc., spread After entering Japan, for example, Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism and Luwang Xinxue spread in Japan, forming Japanese Zhu Xiology and Yangming Studies; Tang Jianzhen traveled eastward, and Chinese Buddhist culture and sculptures were spread to Japan. Japan sent a large number of envoys to the Tang Dynasty, such as Jibei Zhenbei, The eminent monks Kukai and Abe Dumalo came to China to study Chinese culture. In this way, Japanese characters and architecture are deeply influenced by Chinese culture. The Cross Pavilion, which is now hard to find in our country, is still well preserved in Japan. In South Korea, the most influential thing is Chinese culture, especially Confucianism and practical thought after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. If people don’t know that Yi Tuixi, Cao Nanming, Yi Yikok, Hong Darong, Jeong Yak-yong and others are Korean philosophers, just read their works It is difficult to determine the nationality of the author. The etiquette content of Chinese culture has long been lost in China, but it is still quite intact in South Korea. Therefore, South Korea is called a living fossil of a Confucian country by Western countries.

Chinese culture has had a profound impact not only on South Korea and Japan, but also on some countries and regions in Southeast Asia and South Asia, such as the Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam. Zheng He's seven voyages to the West further deepened this impact. . This formed the world-recognized East Asian cultural circle with Chinese culture as its core. In particular, the economic development and rise of the Four Asian Tigers has attracted worldwide attention and thinking. The focus is on their relationship with Chinese culture.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, traditional Chinese culture spread to some European countries through Western Jesuits and through the spread of learning from the East to the West. After China's four great inventions (gunpowder, compass, printing, and papermaking) were spread to the West, they played an important role in promoting the formation and development of Western capitalist society. Traditional Chinese culture had the greatest impact on France, which became the center of Chinese cultural craze in Europe at that time. Since the 17th century, some Chinese Confucian classics, such as The Analects of Confucius and The Great Learning, have been spread to other European countries through France. There were very few French Enlightenment thinkers in the 18th century who were not influenced by Chinese culture. For example, Descartes, Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Diderot, and Holbach, their admiration for Chinese culture shocks us all now. Voltaire enshrined a portrait of Confucius in the chapel and regarded Confucius as a model of human morality. German philosophers such as Leibniz, Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Feuerbach and the great writer Goethe have all studied Chinese philosophy and been influenced by Chinese culture to varying degrees. For example, Leibniz believed that it was China's discovery that enabled Europeans to wake up from their religious confusion. This influence directly or indirectly affected the French Enlightenment and the German dialectical thought.

So, what is the relationship between the influence of Chinese culture on the French Enlightenment in the 18th century and Western modernization? Starting from the second half of the 20th century, Western academic circles have conducted a relatively comprehensive reflection on Western modern culture. In the reflection, they have gained the realization that modernization, as a way of life and thinking, neither started with The Scientific Revolution of the 16th century did not begin with the Industrial Revolution of the 17th century, but with the Enlightenment Movement of the 18th century; because Enlightenment ideas concentrated on the basic characteristics of modern culture, two basic propositions were derived: Conclusion: The first proposition is: Chinese culture has had an important influence on European Enlightenment thought; the second proposition is, "Enlightenment thought is a necessary condition for the modernization process of Western society." The conclusion is that the Western modernization process has been influenced by Chinese traditional culture.

With the growth of China's national power and the improvement of China's international status, countries around the world, including Asia and Europe, have attached great importance to Chinese culture.

We know that as one of the Four Asian Tigers, South Korea has a relatively high degree of modernization. However, South Korea’s modernization is not based on denying and abandoning traditional culture, but on respecting, inheriting and inheriting traditional culture. Modernization based on development. Anyone who has been to South Korea is deeply impressed by the patriotism and pride of Koreans in their national culture. For example, Sungkyunkwan University, the most famous university in South Korea, still takes Confucianism as its purpose and benevolence, justice, etiquette and wisdom as its motto. In February and August every year, Koreans will go to the Confucian Temple to worship Confucius in the traditional way. There are also colleges that teach completely according to the traditional Confucian teaching method. The main courses taught are the Confucian classics "Four Books and Five Classics". Traditional county schools and academies, which have almost disappeared in China, still have more than 300 schools in Korea. The world's first Confucius Institute was also established in the capital of South Korea at the end of 2004. South Korea has also widely publicized the spirit of Confucian culture to the whole society through movies, television, and various media. It can be said that South Korea is a successful example of establishing a country and educating its people based on Confucian culture. It is called "the living fossil of a Confucian country" and "a typical Confucian country" by many Western scholars. South Korea has not abandoned or denied traditional culture, but has organically integrated traditional culture into modern society and modern life.

Since the 1980s, Singapore has been promoting a "cultural regeneration" movement centered on Chinese Confucian traditional culture. During the Spring Festival of 1982, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew called on the people of Singapore to maintain and carry forward the traditional Confucian ethics of the Chinese nation, and regarded "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, love, propriety, justice, integrity and shame" as the "rule of law" that the government must resolutely implement. In October 1988, First Deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong proposed to elevate Confucian Eastern values ​​​​to national consciousness and make them a guide to action for every citizen. In February 1990, the Singaporean government published the "White Paper on Common Values" full of Confucian ethical spirit. The book puts forward five common values ​​​​as: (1) country first, society first; (2) family as the root, society as the basis; (3) caring and support, working together to help others; (4) seeking common ground while reserving differences, Negotiate political consciousness; (5) Racial harmony and religious tolerance.

The emphasis on traditional culture in countries and regions such as South Korea and Singapore tells us:

First, the reason why these countries value traditional Chinese culture is because some of the values ​​and ethics in Confucian traditional culture This outlook has accumulated into the moral norms and national psychology of their nation. For example, Lee Kuan Yew said in his National Day speech in 1978: "Maybe my English is better than my Chinese because I learned English early in life; but even if a thousand generations pass, I will not become an Englishman. What I believe in is not the West. ”

Secondly, South Korea’s experience tells us that modernization does not have to be at the expense of traditional culture; traditional culture and modernization are not contradictory; Can complement each other and go hand in hand