What does the "butterfly effect" mean? Can you give me an example? thank you
The butterfly effect was put forward by meteorologist Lorenz 1963.
A butterfly flapping its wings occasionally in the tropical rain forest of Amazon basin in South America may cause a tornado in Texas within two weeks. The reason is that the movement of butterfly wings leads to the change of the surrounding air system, producing weak airflow, which in turn will cause the corresponding change of the surrounding air or other systems, causing a chain reaction, which will eventually lead to great changes in other systems.
This effect shows that the result of the development of things is extremely sensitive to the initial conditions, and the smallest deviation of the initial conditions will cause great differences in the results.
Sociology uses "butterfly effect" to explain a bad tiny mechanism, which will bring great harm to society if it is not guided and adjusted in time, nicknamed "tornado" or "storm"; A good micro-mechanism, as long as it is guided correctly, will have a sensational effect after a period of efforts, or it will be called a "revolution."
Explain in detail:
Nonlinear, commonly known as "butterfly effect".
What is the butterfly effect? Let's talk about the discovery of Lorenz, a meteorologist at MIT. In order to forecast the weather, he used a computer to solve the 13 equations that simulated the earth's atmosphere, in order to improve the accuracy of long-term weather forecast by using the high-speed operation of the computer. In an experiment of 1963, in order to examine the results more carefully, he took out an intermediate solution of 0.506, improved the accuracy to 0.505438+027 and sent it back. He went to the cafe for a cup of coffee, and when he came back, he was surprised: there was not much difference, but the result was a hundred thousand miles away! After checking again, I found that there was nothing wrong with the computer. Lorenz found that because the error will increase exponentially, in this case, a small error has caused great consequences as it goes on. He then decided that it was "extremely unstable to the initial value", that is, "chaos", that is, the so-called "butterfly effect". The flapping of Asian butterflies would make a tornado worse than strong winds appear in America in a few months!
This discovery is so serious that scientists don't understand it, and several scientific journals also refuse to publish his articles, thinking that it is "against common sense": if similar initial values are substituted into some equations, the results should be similar, how can they be far apart!
Linearity refers to the proportion and linear relationship between quantity and quantity, representing regular smooth motion in space and time; Nonlinear refers to the non-proportional and nonlinear relationship, which is characterized by irregular movement and mutation. For example, how many times is the eyesight of two eyes more than that of one eye? It's easy to think it's twice, but it's actually 6- 10! This is nonlinearity: 1+ 1 is not equal to 2.
The generation of laser is nonlinear! When the applied voltage is small, the laser is like an ordinary electric lamp, and the light scatters in all directions; When the applied voltage reaches a certain value, a new phenomenon will suddenly appear: the excited atoms seem to hear the command of "align to the right" and emit monochromatic light in the same phase and direction, that is, laser.
The characteristic of nonlinearity is that it spans all professions and permeates all fields, which can be said to be "everywhere".
For example, there is chaos in celestial motion; The oscillation of electricity, light and sound waves will suddenly fall into chaos; The geomagnetic field changed direction 16 times in 4 million years, also because of chaos. Even human beings are inherently nonlinear: contrary to traditional thinking, the EEG and heartbeat of healthy people are not regular, but chaotic, and chaos is the expression of vitality. Chaotic systems respond faster to external stimuli than non-chaotic systems.
It can be seen that nonlinearity is around us and can't be hidden.
1979 12, Lorenz pointed out in a speech of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington that a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil may cause a tornado in Texas. His speech and conclusion left a deep impression on people. Since then, the so-called "butterfly effect" has spread like wildfire, and its reputation has spread far and wide.
The reason why the butterfly effect is fascinating, gripping and thought-provoking lies not only in its bold imagination and charming aesthetic color, but also in its profound scientific connotation and inherent philosophical charm.
Scientists' definition of chaos is that chaos refers to the seemingly random irregular motion that occurs in a deterministic system, but the behavior of the system described by deterministic theory has the characteristics of uncertainty-unrepeatable and unpredictable, which is the chaotic phenomenon. Further research shows that chaos is an inherent characteristic of nonlinear dynamic systems and a common phenomenon in nonlinear systems. Newton's deterministic theory can handle most linear systems perfectly, and most linear systems are simplified from nonlinear systems. Therefore, chaos is ubiquitous in real life and practical engineering and technical problems. Lorenz discovered chaos for the first time. So far, the research on chaos has been concerned by scientists, sociologists and humanists. Studying chaos is actually looking for order in disorder, but there are still too many unpredictable and chaotic things in today's world, and this topic will definitely become a human problem. Because of the limited knowledge here, I only made a superficial introduction. I hope more students can walk into the door of chaos and see the world with deeper eyes. Maybe we can devote ourselves to this research in the future.
In a word, the law of chaos can only be observed, pondered, intuited and speculated, but not revealed, deduced and accurately described. We can use a folk song circulating in the west to illustrate this image.
This ballad says:
Drop a nail and break a shoe;
Broke a shoe and a horse;
Fold a horse and hurt a knight;
Wounded a knight and lost a battle;
Lost a battle and lost an empire.
Whether a nail on the horseshoe will be lost is a very small change in the initial conditions, but its "long-term" effect is the fundamental difference between the life and death of an empire. This is the so-called "butterfly effect" in the field of military politics.
It's a little incredible, but it can really cause such bad consequences. A wise leader must prevent procrastination, but seemingly trivial things may lead to disintegration within the collective. Is it too late to regret at that time? A suspension bridge across a deep valley usually begins with a small stone tied to a thin line.
Film butterfly effect
The film Butterfly Effect, directed by American director Eric Bress in 2004, explores this issue. The protagonist Evan Teribo (ashton kutcher) is an ordinary college student. The only difference from ordinary people is that he keeps a diary to record all the details of his daily life since he was a child. One day, Evan suddenly read some of those records, and suddenly, the dark memories buried in his deepest heart for many years were awakened again, which changed his whole childhood. Coincidentally, Evan suddenly found that he could go back to the past and enter his body by keeping a diary under the bed all the time. Maybe these dusty diaries can get rid of all unpleasant memories from now on. With this in mind, Evan went back to the past and tried to rewrite history, thinking that this would heal his injured memory and make him and his loved ones live happily ever after. He made a perfect plan and carried it out seriously. But when he came back to reality, he found that everything had changed beyond recognition. His behavior has caused disastrous changes, and the life of his closest friend has been completely different. Especially his first girlfriend Keller Miller (played by Amy Smart), they were childhood playmates. After a long period of indifference, they found that they still loved each other. In order to make up for his mistakes, Evan has to go back to the past again and again, but every time there are always some small incidents that happen one after another when he is not paying attention, and then a series of chain reactions make his and his friends' lives more completely changed. So Evan tried again and again, and their life was like a high-speed train rushing down from the top of the mountain in an instant, passing through the Woods or rivers outside the window. Keller went from waiter to student union president to drug addict. Her fate is as constant as his.
It is said that the butterfly effect has two endings:
One is the ending of the director's extended version:
The home movie Evan watched was that Evan's mother was going to give birth to Evan. Evan, who entered history, decided to end it all by himself. He grabbed the umbilical cord with both hands and ended his upcoming life. In real life, there is no Evan. Kelly and Tommy are guarded by their divorced mothers, away from their fathers with abnormal hobbies, so naturally there will be no follow-up events.
The other is the end of the theatrical version: the home movie Evan saw was the first time he met Kelly. Back in the past, Evan scolded Kelly. He and Kelly did not become good friends, and the custody of Kelly and Tommy was also obtained by his mother. After work, E meets Kelly in the street, but he doesn't recognize her. In the end, Kelly and Evan passed each other in a unique plot. They seemed to have a tacit understanding of turning back, but they gave up and went back to their respective paths. The feeling of deja vu at the end ended in the song "Stop Crying" by Oasis Band ... which echoed for a long time.