What happened in the world of 196 1?
On October 4th, 65438/KLOC-0, Austrian physicist Schrodinger died. The "Schrodinger Equation" he established describes the motion of matter waves, which provides a theoretical basis for systematically and quantitatively dealing with atomic structure problems. For this reason, Schrodinger won the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics.
65438+1On October 6th, France voted for Algeria's independence.
65438+ 10 7 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the report of the Ministry of Light Industry on emergency arrangements for the production of daily industrial products. The report shows that since the second quarter of 1960, the production of some small commodities has declined, and the market supply in many areas is tight. Pots, pots, bowls, chopsticks, sewing needles, spikes, nipples, toilet paper, salt, matches and other daily necessities are in short supply or even out of stock. In order to solve the above problems, the report puts forward that the production of daily industrial products, especially small commodities, must be arranged in an all-round way according to the needs of the market. In his comment, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out: In the current situation of agricultural disasters and insufficient supply of main commodities for food and clothing, it is one of the important measures to increase the production and supply of daily industrial products to meet people's needs and ease market tension.
65438+1October 14- 18 The 9th Plenary Session of the 8th Central Committee of communist party, China was held in Beijing. In view of the serious difficulties faced by the national economy, it was decided to implement the eight-character policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement" from 196 1, and the plenary session also decided to establish Northeast China, North China, East China, South China and South China.
1On October 20th, John F. Kennedy was sworn in as President of the United States.
/kloc-in February of 0/4, the first synthetic chemical element: technetium.
15 On March 23rd, the Central Working Conference was held. Mao Zedong presided over the meeting. The meeting discussed and adopted the "Regulations on the Work of Rural People's Communes (Draft)" (namely "Article 60 on Agriculture"). At the end of the meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent the "Regulations (Draft)" to all members of rural party branches and people's communes throughout the country for discussion, demanding that the problems existing in people's communes be effectively solved on the basis of summing up experience through discussion.
The 26th World Table Tennis Championships was held in Beijing from April 4th to14th. Deng Xiaoping, He Long, Li Fuchun, Lu, Luo Ruiqing, Luo Ronghuan, Shen Junru, Guo Moruo, Li and Chen Shu also attended the opening ceremony. The State Council's Prime Minister Zhou Enlai met with friends from various countries who came to participate in the 20th World Table Tennis Championships on the afternoon of 4th. More than 200 outstanding players from more than 30 countries and regions on five continents had a wonderful competition. China table tennis team won the men's team world championship; Zhuang Zedong and Qiu Zhonghui won the men's singles and women's singles world championships respectively.
April 17 bay of pigs incident.
On April 27th, Sierra Leone became independent.
On May 14, 100 US special operations troops entered South Vietnam.
1 On May 9, 9, the spacecraft Venus1flew over Venus. This is the first human spaceship to fly over a planet.
On May 25th, President John F. Kennedy announced that he would complete the Apollo program.
On May 3rd, Kloc-0, South Africa withdrew from the Commonwealth and established the Republic of South Africa.
June 3-Kennedy and Khrushchev meet in Vienna.
1 1 In July, Zhou Enlai and Kim Il Sung signed the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between China and the DPRK, the core of which is military mutual assistance. Article 2 of the Treaty stipulates that the contracting parties undertake to jointly take all measures to prevent any country from invading either contracting party. Once one of the contracting parties is attacked by any country or countries, so it is in a state of war, the other contracting party shall immediately try its best to provide military and other assistance. In addition, Article 4 of the Treaty has certain restrictions on the independence of either China or North Korea, requiring both sides to hold consultations on all major international issues involving common interests.
10 In September, the China-DPRK Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance came into effect.
The treaty will remain in force until the two sides reach an agreement on modification or termination.
12 In August, the Berlin Wall was completed. According to the decree passed by 12 in August 196 1 People's House, the Berlin Wall was built in the night of 12 ~ 13.
/kloc-In September of 0/6, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Work Regulations of State-owned Industrial Enterprises (Draft) (referred to as "Article 70 of Industry") for discussion and trial implementation.
654381October 27th, the People's Republic of Mongolia joined the United Nations.
The NPC Standing Committee made a decision to pardon the Chiang Kai-shek clique and the puppet Manchukuo war criminals. People's Republic of China (PRC) President Liu Shaoqi issued an Amnesty. Amnesty is divided into three parts:
1. The war criminals of the Chiang Kai-shek clique and the puppet Manchukuo, who have been imprisoned for ten years, will be released.
2. The Chiang Kai-shek clique and the puppet Manchukuo war criminals who were sentenced to death with a two-year suspension of execution were suspended for one year. If there are real signs of turning evil into good, they can be reduced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment 15 years or more.
3. Chiang Kai-shek clique and puppet Manchukuo war criminals sentenced to life imprisonment have served seven years, and if there are signs of repentance, they can be reduced to fixed-term imprisonment of 10 years or more.
On February 26th, 65438+, the Supreme People's Court released 68 truly reformed war criminals, of whom 6 1 belonged to Chiang Kai-shek's family and 7 belonged to the puppet Manchukuo. Among the 68 war criminals, 32 are generals.