An important test site for the basic knowledge of 2020 tourist guide card: China's historical and cultural knowledge
I. Time and constellation
Time: (In ancient times, a day was divided into twelve mornings) Ugly son Yin Mao Tatsumi applied for a visit at noon-
Zodiac: Rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog and pig, which originated in the Warring States Period and was clearly recorded in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Second, Yin and Yang five lines of gossip
Five elements: Jinshui, aquatic wood, Muhuo, Huotu and Tujin. Jin Kemu, Muketu, Tuke water, water, fire, fire, gold.
Eight diagrams: dry represents the sky, Kun represents the earth, earthquake represents the thunder, gen (gèn) represents the mountain, distance represents the fire, ridge represents the water, exchange represents the ze, and Xun (xê n) represents the wind.
III. Surname, Surname, First Name, Word, Number and Taboo
Surname: clan number, slave society, nobles have surnames.
Surname: A branch of surnames. After the Warring States Period, surnames were confused, and people in China used to call them surnames.
Name and personality: three months after birth, I was named by my father. When the man was 20 years old, he was given a wedding ceremony. When the woman was 15 years old, she took the eight characters. When a person is born, he adds "Bo", "Zhong", "Shu" and "Ji" to the list. Add father or just gender after the word; Names and characters are related in meaning, such as: ① similarity, Qu Ping's original word, Duanmu's word Zigong; (2) on the contrary, Ceng Dian word xi; (3) sentence contact, Kong Qiu word Zhong Ni.
No.: self-help, free speech. The wind of taking numbers prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties and beyond. For example, Lu You, Qiu Chuji, Changchun Zi, Li Bai, Qinglian layman, Tao Qian, Mr. Wuliu, Xin Qiji, Jia Xuan, Wang Anshi, Mid-levels, Huang Tingjian, Fu Weng and Taoist Gu Zhong.
Taboo: taboo (death) names of figures of speech (emperor's name, national taboo, public taboo; Names of parents or grandparents, family taboos and private taboos; The name of a saint, taboo)
Fourth, a hundred schools of thought contend
Social and historical background (during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when slaves changed to feudal system, China's first ideological emancipation movement).
Confucianism (Confucius, Mencius)-Han Dong's book "Revealing a Hundred Schools of Thought and Respecting Confucianism Only"
Mohist school (Mozi, representing the thoughts of laborers and small producers, opposing aristocratic hereditary system)
Taoism (Laozi, Taoist leader, "too old gentleman")
Legalist school (Han Feizi)
Military strategist (military scientist summed up war experience and wrote a book on the Art of War, Sun Wu, Sun Bin)
Yin and Yang A (Zou Yan)
Chronological methods of China's past dynasties
Chronology of trunk and branch, sixty-one Jiazi, Tiangan: A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren,
Gezhi: Zi (mouse /23- 1), Ugly (cow/1-3), Yin (tiger), Mao (rabbit), Chen (dragon), Si (snake), Wu (horse), Wei (sheep) and Shen (monkey).
Chronology of the Emperor: Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the year when the emperor ascended the throne was the first year, followed by two or three years.
In the method of chronology, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used "Jianyuan".
Emperors and titles
First, the origin of the emperor's name (Huang San: heaven, earth, man, five emperors) Qin Shihuang's "Germany and Huang San, the work of the five emperors."
Titles of emperors, royalty and relatives of emperors.
1, the king and the son of heaven-the title of the supreme ruler of slave society.
2, the emperor
3. Empress Dowager Tai (the grandmother of the emperor), Empress Dowager (the mother of the emperor), Empress (the wife of the emperor) and Concubine (all concubines of the emperor, collectively referred to as concubines) have the titles of beauty, nobility, talent, Zhao Yi, Jieyu, imperial concubine and imperial concubine. )
4. The Crown Prince (the lawful heir to the throne among the princes) and the great-grandson of the emperor.
5. Princess and Ma Xu (son-in-law of the emperor: Ma Xu, attached to the Qing Dynasty)
6. The emperor's sister: princess royal; Aunt: big princess (Han Dynasty)
Two, posthumous title, temple number, honorable name, full name, year number, ling number.
Posthumous title (a title given according to his life story after death) is to distinguish between seniority and seniority; The second is to express praise and blame. Divided into praise categories; Derogatory category; Sympathetic class
Temple names (the names of adults who worshipped Terry in the ancestral temple after the death of the emperor) are generally called Taizu, Gaozu, Shizu, and then Zongzong after the death of the first emperor. The Tang Dynasty was called Zong, and the first few in Ming and Qing Dynasties were called Zu.
Honorable title: honorific title for the emperor and queen, which can be offered before or after death.
Full name: posthumous title, temple number and honorific name.
Year number:
Mausoleum: the name of the mausoleum
Third, the origin of the title
1. Name the country 2 according to the original tribal names (Shang, Zhou and Qin). Name country 3 according to its origin (Han). Name country 4 according to the title (Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties). Name country 5 according to the auspicious meaning (yuan). Name country 6 after the founder's surname (Chen). Name the club.
Culture and art
First, literature: prose poems in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period; Ci and Fu in Han Dynasty; During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, great progress was made in poetry, novels and literary criticism. Poetry of Sui and Tang Dynasties; Song ci; Yuanqu; Zhang Hui's novels flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the beginning of the 20th century, the New Culture Movement ushered in a new era of China's literary revolution.
Second, drama.
3. Classics: Series (a set of books compiled by many books, the earliest is the Li Ze series in the Tang Dynasty, the earliest is the warning of Confucianism, and the most complicated is the Sikuquanshu).
Category books (refers to reference books that collect and sort out all kinds of books according to categories for retrieval and verification, starting from Wei's Huang Lan).
Fourth, painting: Chinese painting, also known as Danqing, is divided into content (figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, insects and fish, animals) and techniques (ink painting, freehand brushwork, sketch, boneless, meticulous painting); Frames (murals, barriers, scrolls, fans, photo albums)
Five, philology and calligraphy art
Sixth, science and technology: mathematics (weekly Shu Jing, nine chapters of arithmetic);
Astronomical calendar (standard watch, four seasons, twenty-four solar terms, Xuanzu study, Gaitian study, Huntian study)
Medicine (Huangdi Neijing, Shennong Herbal Classic, Treatise on Febrile Diseases by Zhang Ji, Mafeisan by Hua Tuo, Compendium of Materia Medica by Li Shizhen, Thousand Women by Sun Simiao).
Geography and Geology (Shan Hai Jing, Works, Travels of Xu Xiake)
Science and technology (papermaking, printing, gunpowder, compass)
7. Exchanges between China and foreign countries: Zhang Jian went to the Western Regions, Jian Zhen and monks traveled east, Tang Xuanzang traveled west to Tianzhu to learn from the scriptures, and Zheng He went west.
The above is an important test site for the basic knowledge of the 2020 Tour Guide Card: all the contents of China's historical and cultural knowledge, and it is also a necessary test site for the 2020 Tour Guide Card Examination. For more test preparation skills and test-related test sites, please stay tuned.