What's the difference between "broken valley" and "broken customs"?

Introduction to the main contents of animal hibernation fasting: 1. Animal hibernation and fasting are the mysteries of animal hibernation and fasting. Animals hibernate, why don't they starve to death if they don't eat all winter? That's why it has to run out of food and avoid food. 1. Animals hibernate. When the climate gets cold and food is scarce, many animals go into hibernation. By fasting and avoiding food, they can regulate their bodies, reduce their metabolism and keep their basal metabolic consumption low, so as to gain more living space and adapt to the changing internal and external environment. So hibernation is a way for animals to adapt to bad environment in struggle for existence. When animals hibernate, they will not starve to death if they don't eat for a winter. Because before hibernation, they have already begun to prepare for hibernation to get through this difficult period. The preparation work of these animals before hibernation is very special, that is, from summer, they gradually accumulate nutrients in their own bodies, which is enough to meet the basic metabolic consumption needed by the body during the whole hibernation process. Although a lot of nutrients are accumulated in the body, the hibernation period lasts for several months. How can it be enough? It turns out that when animals hibernate, they don't eat or move, or rarely move, so the number of breaths decreases, the body temperature drops, the blood circulation slows down, the metabolism is weak, and the consumption of nutrients is relatively reduced, so the nutrients stored in the body are sufficient. When the nutrients stored in the body are almost used up, the hibernation period is over. After hibernation, animals look very thin. After waking up, they have to swallow a lot of food to supplement their nutrition, and they will return to normal as soon as possible. 2. Why can animals hibernate? Humans have been exploring this for 100 years. In recent years, American scientists have finally solved this mystery. Experiments have proved that some animals have a substance in their blood that can induce animals to hibernate. After numerous experiments, scientists finally extracted this inducer, which is a special protein similar to hormones and called "hibernation hormone". Scientists point out that animal hibernation is an adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions and a "self-help" way to save energy in the body and avoid freezing and hunger. Cold, hunger and disease can do nothing for hibernating animals. In the process of hibernation, on the one hand, the decrease of body temperature can reduce 98% of metabolic activity and adapt to the external environment, which leads to the whole physiological activity in a "sleep" state, that is, the life process is relatively prolonged, so the life span of animals is prolonged; On the other hand, in the fasting state, it stimulates the body to carry out stress reaction, readjusts various hidden dangers and pathological changes existing in the internal environment of the body, and produces the effects of bringing forth the old, eliminating the inferior and thoroughly remoulding itself, thus preventing and treating various diseases of animals. For animal hibernation, it is not only an adjustment process to adapt to the external environment and prolong life, but also an adjustment process to adapt to the internal environment and prevent diseases. Therefore, as a low-level animal, animal hibernation is an important function to adapt to the environment. However, human beings, as advanced animals, do not have the function of hibernation, so can we learn from the mechanism of animal hibernation to make people resist the entanglement of harsh environment and incurable diseases and even prolong their lives under the condition of "hibernation"? This is the phenomenon of "artificial hibernation". Recently, American scientists have discovered the mechanism of animal hibernation. Researchers at the University of North Carolina identified and mapped two genes that start animal hibernation in Daour Citellus, which control the synthesis of enzymes necessary for hibernation. According to local media reports, Dr. Matthew Andrew and others in the school used a gene found in yellow mice to control the synthesis of pancreatic triglycerides. This enzyme can decompose triglycerides stored in the body in the form of fatty acids, and then convert them into fat, which is used as an energy source for the squirrel during hibernation. Another gene controls the synthesis of pyruvate dehydrogenase, activator and isoenzyme. These enzymes are activated when you are hungry, which can help maintain glucose reserves in your body. Both genes are expressed in the weasel's heart at the beginning of hibernation or just before hibernation. The researchers also found that these genes are almost the same as those found in non-hibernating animals, but their expressions in hibernating and non-hibernating animals are different. Pancreatic triglyceride is only expressed in the pancreas of non-hibernating mammals, but it appears in the pancreas and heart of weasels at the same time. If scientists can identify the enzymes responsible for protecting organs, reducing blood sugar consumption and maintaining muscle performance under extreme conditions such as hibernation, they will be able to develop new methods to extend the "shelf life" of transplanted human organs, and can also develop methods to induce astronauts to safely enter a "hibernation-like" state during long-term space travel. References:

/edu/kxdt/kjbl/KC 02280 1 . htm