What are the quick and effective ways to take notes in 20 18 TOEFL listening?
Methods 1: letter recording method.
In TOEFL listening, you can use some letters instead of words or key marks when recording what you hear, which can save a lot of writing time. Below I have compiled some common examples of replacing words with letters.
A stands for agriculture: agriculture. It is commonly used in agriculture, so the initials are used instead.
B stands for business: business.
C x stands for conflict and confrontation: conflict and conflict, and the "X" in "C x" stands for opposition.
C stands for government, governance, government. The Greek letter C is pronounced /ga: ma/, which is similar to the government, so C stands for government, government. Government officials can be expressed as CZ.
Represents all: all, all, whole, whole, in general, in short, summary, and so on. E stands for total number in mathematical symbols.
P stands for politics: politics, politics, and the Greek letter P is pronounced /pai/, which is similar to politics, politics. Then politicians can be expressed as PZ.
G stands for efficiency: efficient and effective. G is a symbol of efficiency.
Q stands for "inflation": inflation, because this symbol is like a rising balloon.
W stands for work, occupation: work, employment, etc. This is the first letter from work. So WZ can be used to represent workers, while W(Z represents employees above the letter and employees below the letter).
I stands for industry: industry, industrial, and the letter I is like a chimney, so it can be used to represent industry.
You are like a wine glass. In the notes, it means that the contract or agreement will be "toasted" only after the negotiation is successful and an agreement is reached. If you fill in 2 in U, it can be expressed as bilateral (bilateral) and 3 as trilateral (trilateral). Unilateralism fills in 1 in u, and multilateralism fills in m (multiple). If you add an X to the U, the negotiation is broken.
O stands for "country", "nation", "territory" and so on: country, state, nation, import, Og stands for export. This symbol, like a chair, can mean chair, host and chair. Then add z to this symbol to indicate the chairman and moderator: chairman, moderator, etc.
T stands for "leader": head, then the head of government and company can be represented as CT ⊙ circle stands for round table, and the middle point stands for a potted flower. This symbol can represent meetings, conferences, discussions, seminars, symposiums, etc.
The symbol K looks like a fish, so it means "fishing industry" and other words related to fisheries.
O the circle represents the earth and the horizontal line represents the equator, so this symbol can represent the international, world, globe, globe, universe and so on.
J means happiness, joy, happiness, excitement, etc.
L: Discontent, discomfort, anxiety, sadness, etc.
EO means to hear, we all know, everyone knows, you have heard, and so on.
O means indifferent, indifferent: indifferent, indifferent, not too concerned, etc.
Z stands for "people/", because Z looks like a human head and is usually written in the upper right corner of a word or symbol. For example: Japanese: JZ.
Method 2: record with symbols.
In the process of taking notes in TOEFL listening, we sometimes use symbols to record what we hear.
Less than & lt
≤ not exceeding
& gt exceed
≥ not less than
about
= equal to
Not equal to
* Important
* * Very important
X wrong, bad
√ Yes, very good.
Write increase
Reduce
+Better
-Worse.
because
Suo
Why?
→ result
? question
! main points
Belong to
& amp
Method 3: Abbreviate long words.
-ism is abbreviated as m for example: socialist sm
-tion is abbreviated as n for example, standardized stdn.
-cian is abbreviated as o for example: technician techo.
-ing is abbreviated as g for example, marketing MKTg.
Method 4: You may need to spend some time remembering some commonly used English abbreviations.
Abbreviated original word
flat
ACC accountant
ACDG according to
ACPT acceptance
advertisement
ADS address
ADV's suggestion
As many AMAP as possible
Amount amount
APV approval
The sooner the better.
balance
Building
certificate
CFM consistency
CNCL cancellation
CNF meeting
Maritime Committee
CMP completion
CMPE competition/competition
CMU communication
CONC cares/cares/cares.
COND condition
company
Department department
Discount discount
DPT leaves
Foreign exchange exchange
Explain
External scope
FLT flight
FNT final
First freight
FYR for your reference.
GD is good.
Guar gum guarantee
Headquarters office
Information information
Kid, it's impossible
important
INCD includes
individual
INS insurance
be interested in
I/O substitution
I owe you.
IVO in view of
manufacturing industry
MDL model
Memo memorandum
Manager manager
Minimum value
market
MSG message
Necessary NCRY
NLT no later than
OBS observation
OBT acquisition
Ordinary order
patent
PC component
PKG packaging
PL people
please
POSN position
possible
Production product
quality