How about planting bananas in May? Other months are better!
Banana is a large perennial herb monocotyledonous plant. Its underground stem is a stout bulb from which roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and sucking buds (for reproduction) grow. Bananas like high temperature and humidity, generally grow at 20 ~ 35℃, and the optimum temperature is 24 ~ 32℃. The critical temperatures of organs are 10 ~ 12℃ for leaves, 13℃ for fruits and 15℃ for roots. The annual average temperature is above 265438 0℃, which is the main distribution area of bananas, and a few are distributed below 20℃. Banana plants have high water content, large leaf area and large transpiration, so the water demand is also large. The average monthly moisture content of bananas is 200 ~ 300mm, at least not less than 50mm. Bananas need plenty of sunshine, but not too much. It is reported in the literature that when the light intensity increases from 2000 lux to 10000 lux, the photosynthesis increases rapidly, but when the light intensity increases from 10000 to 30000 lux, the photosynthetic efficiency increases slowly. Insufficient light will lead to poor luster and flavor of fruits. Bananas have no main roots, while normal plants have 200 ~ 300 fibrous roots. 10 ~ 30 cm soil layer is the main distribution layer of root system. Bananas have high plant height and shallow roots, and are very sensitive to wind, and are easily affected by typhoons and strong winds. It is observed that when the wind speed reaches 25 ~ 30 km/h, the leaves can be severely torn, the false stems are often broken by the wind speed of 40 ~ 65 km/h, and the banana garden can be completely destroyed by the wind speed of100 km/h. Bananas have extensive adaptability to soil, but alluvial soil or humus loam is the most suitable. PH 4.5 ~ 7.8 can be planted, but pH 6.0 is the most suitable.
Banana adopts asexual propagation, and its seedlings include sucking seedlings and tissue culture seedlings. (1) There are three kinds of bud-sucking seedlings, namely: ragged buds (which were sucked before beginning of winter, and some scales died like ragged leaves after winter, hence the name), red bamboo shoots (which were sucked after spring, and their leaf sheaths were red, hence the name), and flying over mountains (which were sucked from the heads of old bananas harvested for a long time, also called water buds), among which ragged buds were used. (2) Tissue culture seedlings grow neatly and are suitable for planting when the leaf age is 6 ~ 10 leaves. Tissue culture seedlings are easy to mutate, have weak growth potential and poor stress resistance, and should be carefully managed in the early stage of growth.
The high-quality and high-yield techniques of banana (anti-season banana), cultivated banana, pink banana, dragon tooth banana and tissue-cultured banana (in vitro seedling) vary with seasons and varieties.
Banana diseases include banana bunchy top disease, which is a worldwide serious virus disease. Common control methods include: improving disease resistance and aphid resistance, planting disease-free seedlings, digging out diseased plants and rotating crops. In addition, more than 60 kinds of aphids spread banana mosaic heart rot and virus diseases. In addition, there are leaf spot, banana black heart disease, banana Panama disease, banana anthracnose, banana crown rot and banana root-knot nematode disease. Banana pests mainly include banana weevil, banana wheat leaf worm, banana aphid, banana flower thrips and so on.
cultivate
A. Preparation before banana planting
1. base fertilizer compost
Two months before planting, pile pig manure, pond mud and peat mud together, add a proper amount of compound fertilizer, and apply 10 kg to each pit as the base fertilizer for planting.
Step 2 Plow and rake the land
Before planting, the banana garden was plowed and harrowed twice, which created loose soil conditions for the growth of roots.
3. Dig a pit at a fixed point
Before planting, pull wires at fixed points according to planting row spacing of 2× 2m, and dig planting pits with length, width and depth of 0.4m respectively. About 165 plants per mu. (or 2 × 2.5m, per mu 130 plants)
Step 4 go back to the pit
First, put 10 kg decomposed base fertilizer at the bottom of the planting pit, add 0.25 kg compound fertilizer, mix well and cover the soil. When returning soil, the mound should be 10-20 cm higher than the ground to prevent subsidence and water accumulation after planting.
B.how to grow bananas?
1. Seedling selection
Select the seedlings with dark green leaves, developed roots, height 15-20cm, 5-6 new leaves and no plant diseases and insect pests.
2. Planting time
It is planted in spring, middle and late February, autumn and September.
3. Planting method
Banana seedlings are classified according to size and planted in different regions, which is convenient for management. When planting, a small hole is opened in the center of the planting pit, and the seedlings are lightly placed in the into the pit. The depth of the banana head buried in the soil is about 10 cm, and the incision of the seedlings faces one side. Step on it a little after planting, pour enough planting water and cover it with straw.
C. Banana field management
1. Fertilization: for the first time in March and April, use 3-5kg pig manure or farmyard manure and 0.2kg phosphate fertilizer for each plant, and cover with thin soil after spraying; The second time, from June to July, spread fertilizer on the banana border, and apply 50 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 0.2 kg of peanut bran and 0. 1 kg of compound fertilizer to each plant, and then carry out shallow tillage; For the third time, 25 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 5 kg of farm manure and 0.2 kg of bran fertilizer were applied to each plant in the first half of August.
In addition, top-dressing decomposed manure water every 7- 10 days in lobular stage, top-dressing blanched peanut bran water every 10 days in big leaf stage, or spraying 0.5 dipotassium fertilizer or 2 dipotassium fertilizer water in urea 1.
Top dressing outside the roots: banana is sprayed with 120 times banana growth promoter, Nongzhibao, Chuanbaobao and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the lobular stage, before and after germination and at the small fruit stage.
2. Irrigation and drainage, weeding
Banana fields should have high ridges and deep ditches to facilitate drainage, reduce groundwater level and irrigate. During the vigorous growth period, we should always keep the shallow water layer in the border ditch, so as to drench water in the early and late dry season and cover the border with bananas. Banana is a shallow-rooted plant. When weeding, remove it by hand. It is forbidden to step on the edge or hoe the root ball.
Step 3: Leave the bud and then remove it.
Cut off the first suction bud, and after the second or third suction bud germinates, be sure to keep the appropriate 1-2 suction bud, and remove all other suction buds.
break the ice
After the banana sprouts, pay attention to the field trip. When the top of banana shaft is not combed firmly with 1-2, cut off buds in sunny afternoon to reduce juice loss. When the juice of the wound stops, apply 500 times of carbendazim and other fungicides to the wound.
D. Banana pest control
1. Spraying 25% diclofenac EC 1500-3000 times every two months in April every year. Or spraying the leaves with 600-800 times of Tobezin or zineb.
2. Mosaic heart rot and bunchy top disease: the prevention and control methods are: first, don't introduce and buy seedlings in the ward; Second, dig out the diseased plants immediately when they are found; Third, spray aphids with dimethoate 1000- 1500 times to reduce the spread.
3. Control methods of pests such as butterflies, locusts, leaf rollers, weevils, etc.: ① Peel off the rotten leaf sheaths around the false stems and remove the insect bracts on the leaves in time. ② Spraying trichlorfon 800 times and dimehypo 400 times into the petiole fork. ③ Spraying 1000 times dimethoate.