What does the summer solstice mean in the twenty-four solar terms?
The origin and significance of summer solstice
The summer solstice is the earliest of the 24 solar terms. In the seventh century BC, the summer solstice was determined by measuring the sun shadow with folk soil meters. According to Zunxian Codex: "The sun is northward, the days are long and the shadows are short, so it is called the summer solstice. To the extreme. " This summer, the sun shines directly on the ground, directly to the northernmost part of the year, almost directly to the Tropic of Cancer (23 26' north latitude). In all parts of the northern hemisphere, this is the longest day of the year, and the farther north it is, the longer it is. For example, the length of a day is about 13 hours in Haikou, Hainan, 14 hours in Hangzhou, 15 hours in Beijing and 17 hours in Mohe, Heilongjiang. From summer to the future, the direct point of the sun began to move southward, the daytime in the northern hemisphere began to shorten gradually, and the noon sun height in the tropic of cancer and its northern area began to decrease day by day. There is a folk saying that "a day is shorter after eating the noodles of summer". Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty in China, wrote in "Summer in Beichi" that "the clouds reach the top of the sky, and the night leaks from now on". At this time, the southern hemisphere is in the middle of winter.
In ancient China, the summer solstice was divided into three periods: "The first period was when antlers dissolved; Waiting for cicadas to start singing; Wait for three pinellias. " Although they belong to the same family as elk, the ancients thought they belonged to yin and yang. Deer's horns are born forward, so they belong to the sun. On the day of midsummer, Yin Qi was born, and the yang began to drop, so the antlers in front began to fall off. But because it is cloudy, it falls off at the angle of winter solstice. Because of the feeling of Yin Qi, male cicadas will flap their wings and sing on the summer solstice; Pinellia ternata is a shade-loving herb, named after it was born in a swamp or paddy field in midsummer. As a result, in the hot summer, some creatures that like yin began to appear, while those that like yang began to decline.
China folks divide 15 days from summer to the future into three "hours", usually the third day, the fifth day and the last seven days. During this period, the temperature in most parts of China was high, the sunshine was sufficient, the crops grew rapidly, and the physiological and ecological water demand was large. At this time, precipitation has a great influence on agricultural output, and there is a saying that "raindrops from summer to the sun are worth tens of millions". Generally, the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huanghuai area can meet the requirements of crop growth. "Jingchu Chronicle" records: "It rained at three o'clock in June. Tian thought it was sweet, and the whole city congratulated each other. " It can be seen that as early as 1000 years ago, people had a clear understanding of the characteristics of this rainfall.
What is the summer solstice?
Summer is the longest day and the shortest night in the northern hemisphere. On the summer solstice, except the Antarctic and Antarctic polar night areas, the sunrise direction in all parts of the earth starts from the northeast and sets in the northwest.
Take Beijing as an example. On the day of summer solstice, dawn begins at 2: 42 am and the sun rises at 4: 45 am. In the evening 19:46, the sun went down and it was completely dark at 219: 49 in the evening. The complete darkness lasted only about 5 hours, and the time when the sun was above the horizon was 15 hours. If we continue to go north, the night will be further shortened. In Stockholm, Helsinki, Oslo and other Nordic cities, the midnight sky is still bright and you can read books under the night sky. When we reach the area north of 66.4 north latitude, we can see the midnight sun, which we think is a miracle, where people can enjoy sunbathing for 24 hours.
From summer to around, the earth is located near the perihelion, and its running speed is slightly slower, resulting in the sun in the northern hemisphere being 8 days longer than that in the southern hemisphere, so the summer in the northern hemisphere is slightly longer.
Characteristics of summer solstice
Summer solstice has the longest day and the highest sun angle, but it is not the hottest time of the year. Because, at this time, the heat near the surface is still accumulating and has not reached the maximum. As the saying goes, "It's unbearably hot". The real hot weather is calculated from summer solstice and beginning of autumn. From mid-July to mid-August, the temperature is the highest in all parts of the country, and the highest temperature in some areas can reach about 40 degrees.
"However, the summer solstice is not hot", "the summer solstice is the third night, and the head is down". Although the summer solstice indicates that the hot summer has arrived, it is not the hottest time. After the summer solstice, the temperature will continue to rise, and it will be the hottest day in about twenty or thirty days. After the summer, the ground is heated strongly and the air convection is strong, and thunderstorms often form in the afternoon to evening. This hot thunderstorm came suddenly and went quickly, and the rainfall range was small. People call it summer rain separated by fields. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, skillfully borrowed this kind of weather in the south and wrote a famous poem, "The east rises and the west falls, and the road meets sunny days."
Summer custom proverb
1. It's very dry when it doesn't rain on the solstice in summer.
2, Qingming sorghum Xiaoman Valley, mango sesame summer solstice beans.
June is the summer solstice, and the golden season is coming.
4. It rains heavily after southeast wind 18 days from summer solstice.
The solstice in summer starts from the southeast wind and punts on the flat ground.
6. In summer solstice, hoes can't rest.
7. It rains from summer to day, and there is rice in the barn.
8. The solstice in winter is too cold, and the solstice in summer is too cold.
9. Dogs have nowhere to go from summer solstice.
10. Summer solstice, nowhere to go.
1. I like to play solstice in summer and sleep in winter solstice at night.
12. The first frost started on the solstice in winter, and the Yangtze River dried up on the solstice in summer.
13, the summer solstice is rotten, and the plum rain is rice.
14. The summer solstice is clean and dusty, and the rhubarb wind blows for 45 days.
15. Raindrops from summer solstice are worth thousands of dollars.
16. awn seeds are sown in daytime and summer solstice.
17. The rain from summer to Sunday should be early autumn.
18. Myrica rubra is full of red in summer, and it will appear in hot summer.
19. Spring is full of green, summer solstice is half, autumn is empty and winter is empty.
20, mango kind of roast chicken, rotten sandals from summer to day.
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