9. What is the18 event?
1929 An unprecedented economic crisis broke out in the capitalist world, and the Japanese economic crisis reached its peak in 193 1. In order to get rid of the serious political and economic crisis, divert the attention of the domestic people and ease the sharp class contradictions, the Japanese ruling clique took advantage of the difficulties of American and British imperialism, and Chiang Kai-shek stepped up the opportunity to launch a civil war against * * *, and stepped up preparations for the war of aggression against China from all sides: (1) created anti-China public opinion. From military and political leaders to fascist groups, they clamored that only by occupying the northeast of China can we "stabilize the economic order" and threatened that "the Manchu-Mongolian problem must be solved by force". (2) Vigorously expand armaments. From 65438 to 0930, Japan's audit expenditure accounted for 28.5% of the national budget, ranking first in the world. The import of arms and other strategic materials accounts for 465,438+0% of the total trade. The military industry continues to expand, and at the same time, more than 90% of large and medium-sized civilian industries are also preparing to switch to arms production. 1930, the Japanese army has expanded to 230,000. (3) Strengthen military deployment. From 1929, the Kwantung Army organized four so-called "staff trips" to Changchun, Harbin, Taonan, Jinzhou and Shanhaiguan to conduct field reconnaissance and spy on the military situation. 1930 in may, Tian, director of operations of the Japanese general staff headquarters, personally went to northeast China to investigate the terrain and plot. 193 1 In June, the Japanese ruling clique formulated the Outline for Solving the Manchu-Mongolian Problem, instructing the General Staff and the Kwantung Army to jointly draw up specific operational plans. In this way, the concrete plan of the "September 18th Incident" was concocted by Itagaki Tadashi Shiro, chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, and Ishihara, chief of staff of operations. In July, the kwantung army's independent combat system was strengthened, and an additional division from Japan was stationed in North Korea, ready to cross the river to participate in the war. At the same time, the independent defenders were ordered to concentrate in Sujiatun and Shenyang, and the two heavy guns of Lushun fortress were secretly moved to Shenyang to attack the city. Ordered the Japanese army of North Korea to drive to Tumen River and stand by and act on the shore. In August, an unusual personnel transfer was carried out. Benjamin, a veteran of the invasion of China, an adviser to warlord Zhang and a military attache in China, was appointed as the commander of the Kwantung Army. In early September, the Japanese army stepped up military exercises such as "siege" and "night sneak attack". (4) make excuses and pick things up. 1On June 4th, 928, the Kwantung Army created the "Huanggutun Incident" that blew up Zhang's patent. This was planned by Kawamoto, a senior staff officer of the Kwantung Army, and was commanded by the Japanese engineer of the Independent Guard, the captain of the East Palace Iron Man. This is undoubtedly a preview of the September 18th Incident three years later.
The "Wanbaoshan Incident" and "Captain Nakamura Incident" in June of 193 1 were the fuse on this powder keg.
The "Wanbaoshan Incident" occurred in Wanbaoshan Town, Changchun County (now Dehui County, Jilin Province), and there was a dispute between farmers in China and Korean nationals over farmland water diversion. Japanese armed police shot and strafed farmers in China on the land of China, and used the "Wanbaoshan Incident" to provoke Chinese exclusion tragedies in all parts of North Korea, which caused heavy losses to overseas Chinese in North Korea. In Pyongyang alone, 126 people died and property losses amounted to more than 20 million yuan. The Japanese side also made several unreasonable demands to the Chinese side in an attempt to expand the situation and send troops to the Northeast in the name of "protecting overseas Chinese living in Korea".
"Captain Nakamura incident" is actually a spy case. 193 1 On June 6th, 2008, Arataro and his companions of the Japanese Kwantung Army were discovered and arrested by our army. Judging from his confession, it is confirmed that he was sent by the Japanese General Staff and has a lot of physical evidence. Guan Yuheng, the head of the regiment, executed him decisively. Japan took the opportunity to search widely. Japanese right-wing groups have also fanned the flames among the Japanese people and worked hard for the political circles. It can be said that the "Captain Nakamura Incident" pushed the war to an explosive situation.
193 1 September 18 at night, as the Mid-Autumn Festival approaches, a full moon hangs high in the clear night sky, and the bright moonlight covers the mountains and rivers in the northeast, giving the earth a white peace. As usual, the white mountains and black water still soothe the people in Northeast China into their sweet dreams.
However, under this unmistakable whiteness, a group of people are doing the scandal of "thieves shouting to catch thieves". They are Captain Kawamoto, the captain of the Liutiaohu detachment of the Japanese Kwantung Army, and a group of his soldiers. The young lieutenant who is proficient in blasting technology in the Kanto Army is nervously measuring the dose of explosives. His boss, Dawei Imada, has repeatedly stressed that the tracks should be disconnected, but the trains must pass normally. Captain Kawamoto also knows that this railway is the traffic artery of the Great Japanese Empire in the northeast. Once disconnected, the consequences are unimaginable.
While Captain Kawamoto was installing explosives, in the Kwantung Army war room in the north of Fengtian, Jing Daole Banyuanzheng Shiro was also anxious. The executioner who slaughtered thousands of China people in the future is not sure at the moment, walking around the war room, muttering in Japanese: "You should go all out on the road of life." This is his motto. He has been in the army for more than 30 years, experienced the artillery test of the Russo-Japanese War and became a firm militarist. Today, as the supreme commander, he fired the first shot of the Japanese Empire's invasion of Manchuria, and he was inexplicably excited.
Outside Fengtian (present-day Shenyang), the soldiers of the 7th Brigade of the Northeast Army Peking Camp gradually fell asleep with the bright moonlight outside the window due to the cold weather in September. Before the camp, only a few sentries paced back and forth with guns to resist the cold and drowsiness around them. But at the moment, in the sorghum field not far from the camp, hundreds of greedy eyes are staring at the camp gate of Peking University Camp from 400 directions. These eyes are like wolves, flashing with anxiety, tension, excitement and cruelty before jumping on food.
Late at night, 10: 20, with the command of Captain Kawamoto, "Boom!" With a loud noise, the Liutiaohu Railway was successfully blasted. A few minutes later, the Japanese army began to shell Peking University Camp. The third squadron of the second brigade of the Kwantung Army independent garrison quickly approached the southwest corner of Peking University Camp, and then cut off the retreat of the seventh brigade with 1 team. 62 1 group bears the brunt. Just as China officers and men were about to counterattack the Japanese army, Rong Zhen, chief of staff of the Northeast Army, sent an order: "Don't resist, don't move, don't shoot even if you die." /kloc-at 0: 30 on 0/9, the seventh brigade was evacuated to Dongying. At 5: 50 a.m. on June 5438+09, all Japanese troops occupied Beidaying.
At the same time of attacking Peking University Camp, the 29th United Wing of the 2nd Division of the Japanese Army also began to attack Shenyang City, occupying the inner city of Shenyang at 6: 30. Subsequently, the division joined forces with the independent ordnance team to attack Dongying, the Northeast Army, and the Northeast Army retreated without fighting. Around noon 12, the Japanese army occupied Dongying. Because most of the troops of the Northeast Army carried out Chiang Kai-shek's order of "absolutely not resisting", Shenyang completely fell overnight. At the same time, on the night of September 28th, the Japanese army launched an all-out attack along the Nanman Railway, and successively captured Yingkou, Tianzhuangtai, Gaiping, Fuxian, Dashiqiao, Haicheng, Liaoyang, Anshan, Tieling, Kaiyuan, Changtu, Siping Street, Gongzhuling, Anton, Fenghuang, Benxi, Fushun and Goubangzi on 19. /KLOC-At 4: 00 a.m. in 0/9, the Japanese army launched a general attack on Changchun, and the defenders of China rose to resist. After that, they retreated angrily under the order of Xi Qia, chief of staff of Jilin Province. At 22: 00 that day, Changchun fell.
After the fall of Changchun, the situation in Jilin was tense. Because Sika held the military and political power in Jilin at that time, Sika himself was a descendant of the imperial clan of the Qing Dynasty and was influenced by Japan. He was trained in the Japanese NCO School, and the head of the Second Division of the Japanese Army happened to be his instructor. So, at the instigation of the Japanese National People's Congress, Xiqia openly defected to the enemy and betrayed the country. On September 20, he submitted a surrender to the Japanese army. 2 1 At 8 pm, several divisions occupied Jilin without firing a shot. Most soldiers of Jilin Army refused to accept disarmament, and under the leadership of Du Li, Feng Zhanhai and other generals, they embarked on the correct anti-Japanese road.
At the same time, the Kwantung Army urged the Japanese troops stationed in the DPRK to cross the border on the grounds of entering Jilin. On the afternoon of 2 1 Sunday, from 1: 20 to 4: 30, the Japanese troops stationed in Korea began to cross the border without authorization and joined the invasion of northeast China.
Because the plan to invade Beiman was rejected by the military, the Japanese attack on Harbin stopped on September 22. On the same day, Kwantung Army moved to Zhengjiatun, occupied Taonan on 24th, and attempted to occupy Heilongjiang Province. In Heilongjiang province, the Japanese army was attacked by the loyal opposition of the chairman of Heilongjiang province. Due to the disparity in strength, the China army withdrew to Helen on June 5438+065438+ 10/8. 19, the kwantung army invaded Qiqihar at a considerable cost. At this point, the Japanese army occupied the capitals of Liaoning, Kyrgyzstan and Heilongjiang provinces. There are Jinzhou and Harbin in the northeast that have not been occupied, and the Japanese army will certainly not let go, because the former is a record of entry and exit, and the latter is the political and economic center of Beiman and the base camp of the Soviet Union.
In order to cooperate with the attack on Jinzhou,193118, the Japanese spy chief Kenji Toshihara directed a "Tianjin Incident". He instigated some hooligans to form a plainclothes team headed by Chris Lee and Zhang Bi, and took Guang Hai Temple, a Japanese barracks in Tianjin, as a stronghold to shoot at the "concession" in an attempt to create friction. The second is to take the opportunity to secretly transport Puyi to the Northeast. However, under the pressure of international public opinion, the Japanese army can only invade Jinzhou with bandits. In order to create an excuse to attack western Liaoning, dohihara created the second "Tianjin Incident" on June 26-29, 165438. At the same time, the Japanese army sent more troops to the northeast. On June 5438+February 65438+May 5, the Japanese General Staff approved the Kwantung Army to attack Jinzhou in the name of "begging bandits". 17 February 18, the kwantung army was given the order to send the eighth mixed brigade. 2 1 day, the Japanese army launched a full-scale attack on western Liaoning; The right wing occupied Faku and Zhangwu, focusing on the Yinggou line, which is from Yingkou to Goubangzi. On the 26th, the Japanese army completed the preparations for attacking Jinzhou. On February 27, 65438, the Japanese army once again reinforced the Kwantung Army on a large scale, and transferred the 37th Huncheng Brigade of the 9th Division and the heavy bomber squadron of the 3rd Division. The Japanese army concentrated its forces and prepared for a decisive battle with the Northeast Army. 65438+On February 29th, the Second Division of Kwantung Army occupied Panshan Mountain; On the 30th, the Japanese army merged into the 39th Brigade, and also completed the occupation of Dahushan Mountain, an important town in western Liaoning. At this point, the whole line of the left-wing Yinggou, which is the focus, has been occupied by the Kwantung Army. The Japanese army gathered on the left bank of Daling River, ready to attack Jinzhou.
But at this critical moment, China, an army with superior forces and ready to defend against the enemy, fled from the enemy. Before the Kwantung Army occupied Dahushan Mountain and Goubangzi, Rong Zhen, chief of staff of the Northeast Border Guard, issued an order to all the troops to retreat to the pass on February 29, 65438. The next morning, China troops retreated to Shanhaiguan. 193265438+1On October 3rd, the Second Division of Kwantung Army occupied Jinzhou, with tens of thousands of troops, and retreated without a fight, which really made the Chinese people angry.
As soon as Jinzhou fell, the Japanese army immediately turned around and invaded Harbin. Before this, Banyuanzheng Shiro picked up a traitor, Zhang Jinghui, who was the chief executive of the three northeastern provinces in Harbin. 1931On September 27th, Zhang Jinghui established the security courts in the three northeastern provinces. It is called maintaining law and order, but in fact it is "anti-Japanese action trying to suppress local defense forces." /kloc-0 At the beginning of 0/0, the anti-Japanese government of Jilin Province, headed by Cheng Yun, which was established in Harbin, was expelled to Bin County by Zhang.
Zhang Jinghui's rebellion provided an excuse for the Kwantung Army to invade Harbin. However, the Japanese army believes that if the main force of the Japanese army attacks, there will be pressure from international public opinion. Therefore, at the beginning of 1932, the Japanese army used the puppet troops in Jilin to invade Harbin in the name of fighting bandits. So Heilongjiang people, in 1925, served as the 56 th division commander of Jilin Army. Later, he was demoted for dereliction of duty. After the September 18th Incident, he quickly defected to the enemy, and at the behest of the Japanese army, he set up the so-called bandit troops to invade Harbin. 1932 1 month, Ube was defeated by Feng Zhanhai and Du Li in Harbin.
After the plot of Yu Puppet Army failed, the Second Division of the Japanese Army assembled in Changchun on1October 29th 1932, ready to go into battle in person. In Harbin, Feng Zhanhai, Du Li, Ding Chao and other departments are also ready. On June 365438+1October 3 1 day, the Japanese army began to launch a crazy attack. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides, the anti-Japanese army fought fiercely with the Japanese army for three days and nights, and finally lost due to the disparity in strength. 1February 5, 932, Japanese troops occupied Harbin.
At this point, the Japanese army occupied the whole three northeastern provinces, from 193 1 September 18 to 1932 on February 5th. In just a few months, the Kuomintang coveted the strength of the League of Nations, adhered to Chiang Kai-shek's creed of "external peace" and carried out the "absolutely irresistible" order. However, in the shadow of these retreats and escapes, we still see hope. Tens of millions of compatriots in Northeast China are still indomitable. Many warm-blooded men in Northeast China dare to face the dripping blood and write a short but generous elegy with their own flesh and blood, sweat and tears, which can awaken the people.