Q&A on workshop safety knowledge

1. What are the safety knowledge in the workshop?

Original publisher: house Zhenaiyanxin

1. Please wear work clothes and brand name when working , sandals, slippers, high heels, vests, skirts and pants that expose the knees are not allowed to enter the workshop. Line workers must wear a hat or hairnet if they have long hair. 2. It is strictly forbidden to play and fight in the workshop, and it is strictly forbidden to shuttle in the workshop. 3. Wear and use labor protection supplies carefully. 4. Safety requirements for hazardous operations must be strictly observed.

5. Smoking and making fire are strictly prohibited in the workshop. 6. It is strictly prohibited to drink alcohol before starting work and during working hours. 7. When commuting to and from get off work, crowding in the corridors is strictly prohibited. 8. Concentrate during work and do not do anything unrelated to work

9. Remove or remove obstacles in a timely manner

2. What are the main problems in safe production in the workshop

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The main problems in workshop safety production are as follows:

1. Make good use of the time for meetings before and after the shift. During the meetings before and after the shift, safety production precautions should be put forward according to the production tasks of the day. , requiring workers to take safety precautions seriously. Analyze safety accidents that have occurred in the enterprise or workshop, and analyze the risk factors that exist in each process of the workshop, so that everyone has a clear understanding of their position.

2. After new employees receive factory-level education, they must carefully carry out "two-level education" (workshop level and team level) when they arrive at the workshop, so that new employees have a concept of safe production from the beginning and increase their vigilance.

3. Carry out safety publicity and education conscientiously in the workshop, and conduct safety publicity and education to employees by distributing safety education materials, organizing study of these materials, and issuing blackboard reports, using both pictures and texts, a two-pronged approach.

4. The workshop should carefully keep a safety diary, record the safety hazards in the workshop that day, matters that should be paid attention to, workers' mentality towards safe production and other safety-related matters, and make timely improvements and education to ensure Prevent the same mistake from happening.

5. Supervise workers to strictly follow the process and equipment usage procedures to fundamentally prevent the occurrence of safety accidents. Employees who violate certain regulations and refuse to listen to education should be severely punished or even dismissed. .

3. Workshop safety knowledge

Burns are common accidents in life.

In family life, the most common ones are burns caused by hot water, hot oil, etc. How to prevent burns? 1. When moving the kettle or hot oil pan from the fire, you should wear gloves and pad it with cloth to prevent direct burns; the kettle and hot oil pan should be placed in a place where people cannot easily touch them.

2. Parents should not play around or disturb others when cooking or frying food to prevent burns from splashing hot oil; older students should concentrate when learning to cook. , do not drop water into the hot oil, otherwise the hot oil will splash when it meets the water and burn people. 3. Oil is flammable and will burn at high temperatures. When cooking, be sure to prevent the oil from being too hot and causing a fire.

If the oil in the pot catches fire, do not panic. Cover the pot with a lid as soon as possible, and quickly remove the oil pot from the fire or extinguish the fire. 4. Heating appliances such as electric irons and electric heaters at home can cause burns. You should be particularly careful when using them, especially do not touch them casually.

How to use electricity safely? With the continuous improvement of living standards, more and more places use electricity in life. Therefore, it is necessary for us to master the following basic knowledge about safe use of electricity: l. Understand the main power switch and learn to turn off the main power supply in an emergency.

2. Do not touch or test the inside of the power socket with your hands or conductive objects (such as wire, nails, pins and other metal products). 3. Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hands or wipe them with wet cloth.

4. Unplug the power plug after using the electrical appliance; do not pull the wire hard when plugging or unplugging the power plug to prevent damage to the insulation layer of the wire and cause electric shock; if the insulation of the wire peels off, replace it in time New wires or wrap them with insulating tape.

5. If you find someone getting an electric shock, you should try to turn off the power in time; or use dry wooden sticks and other objects to separate the electric shock person from the live electrical appliances; do not use your hands to save the person directly; if younger students encounter this situation, they should call an adult Ask someone for help, do not handle it yourself to avoid electric shock.

6. Do not disassemble or install power lines, sockets, plugs, etc. at will. Even simple things such as installing light bulbs must be turned off first and done under the guidance of parents.

How to use electrical appliances safely? Nowadays, more and more household appliances such as televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, electric irons, hair dryers, and electric fans have entered homes. When using household appliances, in addition to paying attention to the safe use of electricity, you should also pay attention to the following points: 1. Various household appliances have different uses and different methods of use, and some are more complicated.

General household appliances should be learned to use under the guidance of parents. For more dangerous appliances, do not use them alone. 2. If you find that the appliance is emitting smoke, sparks, or a burnt smell during use, you should immediately turn off the power switch and stop using it.

3. Hair dryers, rice cookers, electric irons, electric heaters and other electrical appliances will emit high heat during use. Care should be taken to keep them away from flammable items such as paper and cotton to prevent fire; at the same time, Be careful to avoid burns when using. 4. Avoid using electrical appliances in humid environments (such as bathrooms), and do not let electrical appliances get wet or damp. This will not only damage the electrical appliances, but also cause the risk of electric shock.

5. The blades of electric fans and the dehydration drum of washing machines rotate at high speed during operation. Do not touch them with hands or other objects to prevent injury. 6. In the event of a thunderstorm, stop using the TV and unplug the outdoor antenna to prevent lightning strikes.

7. If electrical appliances are left unused for a long time, they are easily damaged by moisture and corrosion. They need to be carefully inspected before reuse. 8. When purchasing household appliances, choose qualified products with reliable quality.

How should we pay attention to safety when doing activities in the home? There are many seemingly small things that students should pay attention to when doing activities at home. Otherwise, dangers may easily occur. This mainly includes the following aspects: l. Anti-collision.

At present, the living space of most families is relatively small, and there are many furniture and other daily necessities placed. Therefore, you should not chase, fight, or do strenuous sports and games in the room to prevent injuries from collisions. 2. Anti-slip and anti-fall.

The floor in the living room is relatively smooth, so be careful to prevent injuries from slipping. When you need to climb up to clean or pick up items, ask others to protect you to prevent injuries from falling. 3. Anti-fall.

When you live in a building, especially if you live on a high floor, do not lean out of the balcony or window to avoid the risk of falling. 4. Anti-extrusion.

It is easy to cover the doors and windows of the living room, cabinet doors, drawers of furniture, etc. when opening and closing, so you should be careful at all times. 5. Fire prevention.

There are many flammable items in the living room, such as wooden furniture, bedding, curtains, books, etc., so pay attention to fire prevention. Don't play with fire in the room, let alone set off firecrackers in the room.

6. Prevent accidents and harm. Sharp tools such as screwdrivers, knives, and scissors, and stationery such as thumbtacks and pins should be stored properly after use and should not be left on beds or chairs to prevent accidental injuries.

What should I do if I get burned? If burns occur in daily life, you can take the following measures: l. For mild burns with only slight redness and swelling, you can rinse repeatedly with cold water and then apply some cooling oil. 2. If small blisters have formed on the burned area, do not break them. You can rub alcohol around the blisters and wrap them with clean gauze.

3. If the burn is serious, it should be sent to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time. 4. If the burn area is large, you should take off your clothes, pants, shoes and socks as soon as possible, but do not tear them off by force. If necessary, you should cut the clothes; after the burn, pay special attention to the cleanliness of the burn area, and do not apply topical drugs or drugs at will. substitutes to prevent infection and make hospital treatment more difficult.

The correct method is to take off the patient's clothes and wrap them in a clean towel or sheet. What should I do if I suffer a trauma? If you suffer a serious injury, you need to be sent to the hospital for treatment.

For relatively minor injuries, you can handle them as follows: 1. If there is a wound and bleeding, you need to clean the wound and apply disinfectant and anti-inflammatory external medicine, such as anti-inflammatory powder, red lotion, band-aid, etc. In addition, you should also pay attention to: keep the wound area warm and dry; eat more eggs, lean meat, beans, dairy and other protein-rich foods; take vitamin C appropriately or eat more fresh vegetables and fruits; change dressings reasonably and maintain clean.

Doing so will help the wound heal. 2. For sprained muscles, joints, ligaments, etc., do not apply heat or apply heat immediately to avoid aggravating subcutaneous bleeding and swelling.

The activity should be stopped immediately, the injured area should be given sufficient rest, and a cold compress or soak in cold water should be applied. Wait 24 hours.

4. Main contents of workshop-level safety education

Three-level safety education refers to factory-level education, workshop-level education and team-level education for new employees entering the factory. New personnel entering the factory (including contract workers, temporary workers, substitute training workers, interns and students participating in labor, etc.) must undergo no less than three days of level 3 safety education, and can only be assigned jobs after passing the examination. The main contents of the third-level safety education include the following aspects.

1. Factory-level safety education

Factory-level safety education is generally carried out by the enterprise safety department.

(1) Explain the party and the country’s guidelines, policies, decrees, and regulations on production safety, as well as the Ministry of Electric Power Industry’s regulations and regulations on electric power production and construction, and explain the meaning, tasks, content, and basics of labor protection. Requirements to enable new employees to establish the ideas of "safety first, prevention first" and "safety production, everyone is responsible".

(2) Introduce the company’s safety production situation, including the company’s development history (including the company’s safety production development history), company production characteristics, and company equipment distribution (focusing on the performance, role, and distribution of special equipment and precautions), main dangers and key parts, introduce general safety production protection knowledge and electrical, lifting and mechanical safety knowledge, introduce the company's safety production organization structure and the company's main safety production rules and regulations, etc.

(3) Introduce the experience and lessons of enterprise safety production, analyze and explain the common accident cases of enterprises and the same industry, and clarify the causes of casualty accidents and accident handling procedures.

(4) Put forward hopes and requirements. For example, educated personnel are required to work actively in accordance with the "National Employee Code" and enterprise employee rewards and punishment regulations; to establish the idea of ​​"safety first, prevention first"; to work hard to learn safety technology and operating procedures during the production and labor process, and to regularly participate in safety Production experience exchange, accident analysis activities and safety inspection activities; operating procedures and labor disciplines must be observed, no leaving work without authorization, no illegal operations, and no casual access to dangerous areas and vital parts; pay attention to the balance between work and rest, and correctly use labor protection supplies wait.

New employees who enter the factory must be educated 100%. After education, they must take an exam. Those who fail must be re-educated until they pass, and fill in the "Employee Three-Level Education Card". The factory-level safety education time is generally 8 hours .

2. Workshop-level safety education

Each workshop has different production characteristics and different key parts, dangerous areas and equipment. Therefore, when conducting safety education at this level, it should be based on Each situation will be explained in detail.

(1) Introduce the production characteristics and nature of this workshop. Such as the production method and process flow of the workshop; the personnel structure of the workshop, the organization and activities of safety production; the main types of work in the workshop and the professional safety requirements in the operation; dangerous areas, special working places, toxic and harmful positions in the workshop; safety production rules and regulations of the workshop and Requirements and precautions for wearing labor protection products; frequent locations and causes of workshop accidents, and corresponding special regulations and safety requirements; analysis of common accidents in workshops and typical accident cases; experiences and problems in safe and civilized production in workshops, etc.

(2) Introduce basic knowledge of safety technology according to the characteristics of the workshop.

(3) Introduce fire safety knowledge.

(4) Introduce the safe production and civilized production system in the workshop.

Workshop-level safety education is responsible for the workshop administrative leaders and safety supervisors, and the general teaching time is 4 to 8 hours.

3. Team-level safety education

The team is the "frontline" of enterprise production, and production activities are based on the team. Since operators are active in the team and machinery and equipment are in the team, accidents often occur in the team. Therefore, team safety education is very important.

(1) Introduce the production overview, characteristics, scope, operating environment, equipment status, fire protection facilities, etc. of this team. Focus on introducing various risk factors and dangerous parts that may cause injury accidents, and use some typical accident examples to analyze and explain.

(2) Explain the performance of the mechanical equipment and tools used in this position, the function and use of protective devices; explain the safe operating procedures and job responsibilities of this type of work and relevant safety precautions, so that students can truly learn from Ideologically attach importance to safe production, consciously abide by safe operating procedures, do not work in violation of regulations, care for and correctly use machinery, equipment, tools, etc.; introduce the content of team safety activities and the safety inspection and handover system of the workplace; educate students to discover hidden dangers of accidents If an accident occurs, you should report it to the leader or relevant personnel in time, and learn how to deal with the danger urgently.

(3) Explain the correct use of labor protection supplies, their storage methods and the requirements for civilized production.

(4) Practical safe operation demonstration, focusing on the essentials of safe operation, explaining the precautions while demonstrating, and describing which operations are dangerous and violate operating procedures, so that students can understand what violations will be will cause serious consequences.

The focus of team safety education is basic on-the-job safety education, and the team leaders and safety officers are mainly responsible for the education. Safe operation methods and production skills education can be taught by safety officers, trainers or teachers, and the teaching time is 4 to 8 hours.

New employees in the factory can only take up their posts after passing the three-level safety education and passing the level-by-level assessment. Level 3 safety education results should be filled in the employee safety education card and archived for future reference.

Safety production runs through the entire production and labor process, and the third-level education is only the beginning of safety education. New employees who enter the factory only receive level three education and cannot work alone. They must also be trained in production skills and safety technology according to the characteristics of their positions. Special operations personnel must receive special training and must pass the assessment before they can work with a certificate. In addition, according to the production and development situation of the enterprise, employees must be provided with regular safety education, etc.

5. Safety knowledge at the workplace

In order to fully implement the "Safety Production Law" and other laws and regulations, strengthen safety production management, prevent production accidents, and maintain employee safety and health This system is specially formulated to protect the rights and interests of enterprises and promote the healthy development of enterprises.

2. Adhere to the policy of “safety first, prevention first”, put safety production first in the production and construction process, create a safe and hygienic working environment and conditions, and achieve civilized production, safety Production. 3. Strictly implement the safety production responsibility system. The administrative officer of each branch factory is the first person responsible for safety production in the unit and is fully responsible for safety production within the scope of responsibility.

Company employees must strictly abide by safety management rules and regulations and safe operating procedures, so that "everyone pays attention to safety and ensures safety in everything" to promote the safe, healthy and rapid development of the company. Management Organization and Responsibilities 1. The company's production safety leading group is the highest leadership organization for production safety in the enterprise.

Comprehensively lead the company's production safety work, research and formulate the company's production safety system, and solve major problems in production safety. 2. The company's safety department is a full-time organization for enterprise safety production. Under the direct leadership of the company's production safety manager (factory director), it is responsible for the daily work of the enterprise's safety production management and is accountable to the general manager (factory director).

The person in charge of the safety and environmental department is appointed by the company and registered with the superior authority.

3. The chief administrative officer of each branch factory and workshop is the first person responsible for safety production in the unit and is fully responsible for the safety production of the factory and workshop.

Branch factories and workshops are equipped with full-time (or ***) safety officers to assist leaders of the unit in carrying out safety management work. 4. The leader of each team is the first person responsible for the safety production of the team, and the deputy team (team) leader is the safety officer (***) of the team and is responsible for the specific safety management work of the team.

5. Each department of the company is responsible for safety work within the scope of their duties. Division of responsibilities: Office safety responsibilities: Assist company leaders to implement relevant safety instructions from superiors, and undertake the organization and minutes of company safety committee meetings , supervise the feedback of matters, assist company leaders to solve problems in safety production, and provide coordination services for the treatment of work-related injuries and accidents. Responsibilities of the Production Department 1. The Environmental Protection Department is responsible to the general manager and carries out its work under the specific leadership of the deputy production manager.

Responsible for supervising, inspecting, summarizing and reporting the company's various safety production work, and responsible for casualties caused by work errors within the scope of responsibility. 2. Conscientiously implement national production safety laws and regulations, organize the formulation and revision of the company's production safety management system, safety operating procedures, safety production responsibility system assessment methods and other systems, and regularly inspect the implementation.

3. Adhere to the daily inspection system. Safety supervisors conduct daily patrol inspections of the company's safety work. They have the authority to issue administrative instructions for discovered accident hazards and violations, set a time limit for rectification, and supervise their implementation.

When encountering major dangers during production, we have the right to order the operation to stop and report it immediately. 4. Responsible for organizing the publicity and education work on production safety, supervising and guiding employees' "three-level safety education" and assessment work.

5. Participate in various production scheduling meetings, put forward suggestions and requirements on occupational safety and health, and participate in the review and completion acceptance of preliminary designs and construction plans for new construction, reconstruction, expansion, and large and medium-term repair projects. . 6. Responsible for organizing the preparation of the company's production safety plan, annual safety technical measures plan and annual, quarterly and monthly occupational safety and health work plans, and supervising their implementation.

Implement a monthly summary report system. Before the end of each month, the safety work of the month (quarter, year) must be reported to the company's safety leadership group, the competent department and the Municipal Work Safety Bureau. 7. Organize and participate in emergency rescue and investigation and handling of accidents.

Establish an accident ledger and be responsible for organizing the investigation and handling of accidents with minor injuries. Accidents with serious injuries or above shall be reported to the superior department in a timely manner and assist in the investigation and handling.

6. Safety knowledge questions

1. (1) Do not touch (explore the inside of the power socket) with your hands or (conductors).

(2) If you find someone getting an electric shock, try to turn off the (power supply) in time; or use dry wooden sticks and other objects to separate the electrocuted person from the (live electrical appliance). Do not rescue the person directly with your hands; age When young students encounter this situation, they should (call for help from adults) and not (handle it by themselves to prevent electric shock).

2. If a fire breaks out or you see a fire at your neighbor’s house, you should call the fire alarm number 119 immediately.

3. When you are at home, do not open the door to strangers. If someone knocks on the door, you should (look through the door mirror or the crack in the door. If you do not recognize the person, you must not open the door)

1. Swimming must be under the guidance of (parents) and is not allowed to swim (alone).

2. Be sure to do enough (preparatory activities) before swimming. The weather in summer is hot. If you don't do any preparatory activities, you can enter the water immediately. The water temperature, body temperature, and air temperature are very different. If you enter the water immediately, your pores will shrink rapidly and damage the sensory nerves, which may cause limb (cramps) in mild cases or reflex cardiac arrest in severe cases. Shock can easily lead to death by drowning.

3. Swimming for too long can cause muscle fatigue. Sudden exposure to cold or sudden exertion can cause water cramps. In this case, stay calm, relax, do (***) to the muscles in the cramped area, or change swimming postures, and go ashore to rest as soon as possible.

7. Questions and answers about safety knowledge

1. What is the party’s safety policy? Answer: Safety first, prevention first.

2. When was the "Safety Production Law" passed at the 28th Session of the Ninth National People's Congress officially implemented? Answer: It will be officially implemented on November 1, 2002. 3. When was the Mine Safety Law promulgated and implemented? Answer: It was announced on November 7, 1992 and came into effect on May 1, 1993.

4. What does the accountability for production safety refer to? Answer: It means that the production and operation units, the main persons in charge of the production and operation units and other relevant responsible personnel shall bear administrative liability, civil liability and criminal liability for production safety accidents or other production safety violations that occur. 5. What is the necessity and urgency of enacting the Production Safety Law? Answer: First, the formulation of the "Work Safety Law" is in accordance with the need to strengthen supervision and management and is the need for safety supervision and management departments at all levels to administer in accordance with the law.

Second, the formulation of the "Safety Production Law" is a need to prevent and reduce accidents and protect the safety of people's lives and property. Third, the formulation of the "Work Safety Law" is the need to punish production safety violations and crimes in accordance with the law.

Fourth, the formulation of the "Safety Production Law" is the need to establish and improve our country's production safety legal system. 6. What are the three major procedures for coal mine production? Answer: Coal mine safety regulations, operating procedures and coal mine safety technical operating procedures.

7. What is the legislative purpose of the "Mining Safety Law"? Answer: Ensure the safety of mine production, prevent mining accidents, protect the personal safety of mine workers, and promote the development of the mining industry. 8. What are the four levels of the coal mine legal system? Answer: Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, and departmental administrative regulations.

9. Which organization issued the new version of "Coal Mine Safety Regulations" and when was it implemented? Answer: The new version of the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations" was released by the State Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau on September 28, 2001, and came into effect on November 1, 2001. 10. What is the content of the safety inspection? Answer: Check leadership, ideas, systems, management, and hidden dangers.

11. What does the “three simultaneous” refer to in mining construction projects? Answer: The safety facilities of the mine construction project must be designed, constructed, and put into production and use at the same time as the main project. 12. What are the common phenomena of ground pressure impact? Answer: The coal (rock) body is destroyed, accompanied by vibration and sound, cracks may appear at the edge of the coal (rock) body, dust may also fly during the vibration, and the coal (rock) may be ejected or scattered in the roadway. Phenomenon.

13. What do the “three no harms” often mentioned in coal mine production refer to? Answer: Don’t hurt yourself, don’t hurt others, and don’t be hurt by others. 14. What responsibilities do district, team and team leaders have for safety work within their jurisdiction? Answer: Bear direct responsibility.

15. What rights do workers have at the workplace? Answer: Workers have the right to stop working immediately and evacuate to a safe place in work places that threaten life safety or are toxic and harmful. If the danger cannot be dealt with and personal safety cannot be guaranteed, workers have the right to refuse to work in such places. 16. What kind of system must be established in each mine for personnel entering and exiting the mine? Answer: It is necessary to establish a self-checking system for personnel entering the well and a counting system for personnel leaving the well.

17. What are the five natural disasters caused by coal mine production? Answer: It refers to water, fire, gas, coal dust, and roof accidents. 18. What is peripheral eye? Answer: It is used to collapse rocks and form the design section of the tunnel, which determines the blasthole formed in the tunnel.

19. What is the function of the cutout eye in the excavation working face? Answer: Add auxiliary free surface. 20. What should the personnel who drill and drill holes in the excavation working face pay attention to? Answer: Stay away from the eye opening, stand on the side of the drilling rig, and do not ride on the drilling rig to avoid breaking the drill and injuring people.

21. What is the content of "cleaning and cleaning" after drilling the excavation working face? Answer: "One clean" means that the drilling tools and Feng Shui pipelines have been removed from the working surface; "Three Qi" means that the withdrawn cables are hung neatly, the withdrawn Feng Shui pipelines are placed neatly on a pile of trays, and the withdrawn Drilling tools are stored neatly. 22. What are the signs of tunnel blockage and roof collapse? Answer: The main signs are: there are new cracks or fractures in the rocks, and when hit with a long tool, a dull thumping sound is made; the rocks make a crisp cracking sound; small pieces of rock fall, and broken coal appears in the coal lane. The top plate above the bracket falls down.

23. Can the local ventilator group replace the main ventilator for ventilation? Why? Answer: No. Local ventilation fan groups cannot guarantee the stability of mine air supply.

24. Under what circumstances can diffusion ventilation be used in underground chambers? Answer: If the depth of the cave does not exceed 6 meters, the width of the entrance is not less than 1.5 meters and there is no gas gushing out, the diffusion ventilation method can be used. 25. What are the "five-character" principles that miners should abide by when rescuing themselves? Answer: destroy, protect, withdraw, hide, retaliate.

26. What are the sources of fire that ignite (explode) gas in coal mines? Answer: There are natural ignition points in underground coal seams, open flames, electrical sparks, arcs or objects with hot surfaces, blasting flames, friction sparks, impact sparks, etc. 27. What are the places where gas accumulation is more likely to occur underground in coal mines? Answer: There are places where the wind flow cannot reach everywhere in the excavation working face, the upper corners of the mining working face, near the cutting part of the shearer and tunnel boring machine, the cavity where the roof has fallen, the blind alley where the wind has stopped, and the roof of the tunnel with small wind flow. at.

28. What five words can be used to express comprehensive dust prevention measures? What does each mean? Answer: Comprehensive dust prevention measures can be expressed as “wind, water, density, purity, and protection”. These five words represent: wind, ventilation and dust removal; water, wet action dust removal; net, purified air and wind flow dust removal; dense, airtight dust extraction; protection, personal protection and dust prevention.

29. What should an electric locomotive driver do when he must leave the locomotive? Answer: The power supply to the motor must be cut off, the controller handle must be set to the zero position, removed and kept in a safe place, and the vehicle brake must be tightened, but the vehicle lights must not be turned off. 30. What kind of tape must be used to prevent fire underground? Answer: Flame retardant tape must be used.

31. What are the qualification requirements for belt conveyor drivers? Answer: You must undergo safety technical training for this type of work, which lasts for no less than 1 month, and pass the examination to obtain a "safety qualification certificate." 32. What do the “three completes” of underground power supply refer to? Answer: That is, the protective equipment is complete, the insulation equipment is complete, and the drawings and materials are complete.

33. What must workers in workplaces where dust and poisons exceed national standards wear? Answer: You must wear dustproof or anti-virus personal protective equipment. 34. What are the signs of water leakage in an mining working face? Answer: Redness, sweating, cold air, fogging, and water dripping from the roof.