The living habits of African crucian carp

African crucian carp is tilapia. Farm tilapia in winter and spring and be careful to prevent freezing damage. Tilapia reproduces quickly, has strong disease resistance, grows rapidly, has low cost and high yield. It is a good way for farmers to become well-off and prosperous. However, tilapia is a tropical fish with weak cold resistance. In winter and spring, when the water temperature drops below 10°C, it will freeze to death. Therefore, when raising tilapia in winter and spring, attention should be paid to preventing freezing damage. Tilapia that naturally overwinters in outdoor ponds must take certain insulation measures during the winter low temperature period and cold snaps. For example, the pond can be covered with a greenhouse and covered with plastic film to prevent freezing damage. The specific method is: First, the greenhouse is built into a "herringbone" shaped scaffolding with bamboo and wood. The distance from the bottom of the pond to the roof of the shed is about 4 meters. Then, a steel wire rope is pulled from the top to the pond edge and fixed with short wooden stakes. The pulled wire ropes must be kept parallel. , the spacing is about 25 cm. Finally, cover it with a 0.8 mm white polyethylene insulation film, connect it to the edge of the pool to form a sealed insulation cover, and reinforce it with ropes to prevent it from being uncovered by strong winds. A drainage ditch should be left where the film connects to the pond base to prevent cold water from penetrating in winter. Inside the pond. In addition, several movable curtains are set up around the pool for daily access by staff. In addition to strengthening feeding before overwintering and before the onset of cold snaps, appropriate feeding should also be provided during overwintering according to the weather and tilapia production conditions to ensure that tilapia do not lose weight. Generally, 1 kilogram of peanut bran is added for every 1,000 fish per day. In the earthen pond, but when the water temperature is below 20℃, because the feeding ability of tilapia is low, feeding should be stopped; when the weather is sunny and warm, the curtains can be opened to adjust and exchange the air in the pond; when the temperature drops, cold current When an attack occurs, the following work should be done: (1) The film should be thickened, try to choose a good quality film and improve the specifications of the film. And stretch two layers of film on the north windward side to enhance thermal insulation capabilities. (2) The base columns of the greenhouse should be thickened, and the fixed wooden piles should be lengthened to 1.5 meters. (3) It is best to tighten the steel wire trunk line and make the film tight and flat. (4) When cold air comes, add groundwater and keep the water depth above 2 meters. Because the groundwater temperature is high and stable, the water temperature of the breeding pond can be increased to prevent fish from frostbite. (5) Add a stove to the overwintering pool. When the water temperature drops to 13°C, use an iron pot to boil the water so that the steam can flow directly into the room. The chimney of the stove surrounds the wall of the overwintering pool to increase the indoor temperature and thereby control the water temperature. Or use an electric heating rod to heat the pool water in the overwintering shed, or use a water heater to heat tap water and spray the water surface, etc., so that tilapia can survive the winter safely. Strictly doing the above work during the winter can create a good living environment for tilapia, prevent the occurrence of freezing damage, and increase breeding profits. Edit this paragraph "Tilapia Capital of China" - Maoming, Guangdong Province The Maoming area of ​​Guangdong Province has a warm and humid tropical monsoon climate, with sufficient sunlight and rainfall. The city's annual average temperature is about 23°C. Since the introduction of tilapia farming in the 1950s, after more than ten years of development, the city's tilapia farming area has reached 220,000 acres, accounting for about 58% of the city's freshwater farming area, with an annual output of 180,000 tons of tilapia. 1/3 of the province and 1/6 of the country. The annual output value exceeds 1.5 billion yuan, making it the largest tilapia producing area in the country. In January this year, Maoming City was awarded the title of "Tilapia Capital of China" by the China Aquatic Products Circulation and Processing Association. Maoming's tilapia industry has developed steadily and has roughly gone through four stages: Introduction and trial breeding stage In 1959, Gaozhou and Huazhou counties successfully introduced Mozambique tilapia for trial breeding, and then promoted "polyculture, intensive farming, and rotational stocking" in the two counties. The high-yield technology of "rotary fishing". In September 1961, Mozambique tilapia farming was introduced and promoted in the suburbs of Maoming. In 1979, the state-owned fish nursery in Huazhou County was rebuilt, and more than 7,000 Sudanese Nile tilapia imported from Hainan by the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were successfully spawned and raised in the following year, and the culture was gradually promoted. Popularization stage: In June 1981, the Gaozhou County Freshwater Breeding Experimental Field used female African crucian carp and male Nile tilapia to successfully breed Lucky Fish. The result won the third prize for scientific and technological achievements promotion from the Guangdong Provincial Department of Fisheries. Fushou fish shows hybrid vigor, with a male rate of 70% to 80%, which is 20% to 30% higher than the male rate of natural reproduction. It grows faster than its parents, has slightly stronger cold tolerance than its parents, and has good meat quality. It is popular among producers and Consumers welcome. In the second year, farming was promoted in Gaozhou County and became the main farmed fish species besides the "four major fish". In 1985, Maoming City’s three major commodity and production bases—Yangmei Town in Huazhou County, Shigu Town in Gaozhou County, and suburban bases in Maonan District—were built one after another. They generally implemented the combination of fish, poultry, livestock, and fruits, supporting planting and breeding, and comprehensive operation and significant economic benefits. The city's freshwater aquaculture output has grown rapidly, reaching 13,000 tons. As a supplementary species to the "four major fishes", tilapia mainly adopts polyculture and set culture methods, and its output accounts for 1/10 of the total freshwater aquaculture output. The development and growth stage began in 1986. Maoming Freshwater Breed Breeding Experimental Field has successively introduced Sudanese Nile, Mozambique Nile, Egyptian Nile, Olian Nile and other tilapia varieties, and used two different varieties for hybridization and breeding. "Oni fish". The biggest feature of this kind of fish is that the male rate is as high as over 90%, which can avoid the impact of excessive reproduction on growth. Its individual growth is 11% to 72% faster than its parents. The successful breeding of "Oni Fish" has better solved the problems of tilapia's strong self-reproduction ability and different growth specifications, improved the controllability of breeding, and has fast growth and high yield. Farmers who originally raised tilapia have gradually shifted to focusing on tilapia farming and raising other fish species as well.

In the ten years from 1987 to 1996, tilapia production increased at an average annual rate of 40%. By 1996, tilapia production reached 38,000 tons, surpassing grass carp for the first time and becoming the number one freshwater aquaculture species in Maoming. Golden Age In May 2004, the Maoming Municipal Government officially approved the implementation of the "Plan for Building the Maoming Tilapia "Golden Triangle" Industrial Base", which included Shigu, Zhenjiang, Baoguang, Jinshan, Shiziling, Shatian, Gaozhou, etc. Surabaya; Yangmei, Nansheng, Tongqing, Changqi, Ligang, Shiwan, Dongshan, Xiaguo, Hexi and Jianjiang development experimental zones in Huazhou; Jintang, Gongguan, Xinpo, Gaoshan and Zhensheng in Maonan 23 towns (subdistrict offices) including Aotou and Aotou are building tilapia "Golden Triangle" industrial bases. Driven by the development strategy of the tilapia "Golden Triangle" industrial base, the craze for tilapia farming has been rising again and again, and farmers from all over the country have promoted fish farming in ponds. The huge tilapia production has attracted merchants from all over the world to join the ranks of tilapia processing and sales. Among them, local processing plants led by Changxing, Jiahui and Luyuan have an annual processing and export capacity of tilapia reaching 60,000 tons. The freezing plants of Yuelong Group Company, Maoming Food Group Company and a group of aquatic product transportation companies are mainly responsible for domestic sales. The annual sales volume of fresh tilapia and frozen tilapia to domestic markets reached 4 Thousands of tons. In addition, Zhanjiang Hengxing Group, as well as foreign processing companies in Zhuhai, Yangjiang, Shantou, Guangxi Beihai and other places have also come to Maoming to purchase tilapia as raw materials for processing and export, purchasing about 70,000 tons of fresh tilapia annually. The entire tilapia sales have gradually formed a good situation in which local and overseas processing and circulation are booming, and domestic and foreign markets complement each other, which has better solved the sales outlet of tilapia. There are 28 tilapia seed breeding farms in Maoming City, including 2 national-level tilapia breeding farms under construction and 1 provincial-level tilapia breeding farm under construction, with an annual output of 900 million high-quality tilapia fry. A number of all-weather tilapia hatchery workshops and parent-incubation greenhouses have been built, enabling tilapia fry to be produced 10 months a year. As of December 2008, there were 23 tilapia farms (enterprises) in the city that had passed pollution-free certification, covering an area of ​​26,000 acres. The tilapia export raw material registration base covers an area of ​​120,000 acres. There are four large-scale tilapia processing and export enterprises: Jiahui Food, Changxing Food, Jiali Food, and Haimingwei Food. In addition, there are three other projects under construction in Maoming Green Life Garden, Gaozhou Longli, and Huazhou Qunkang. In 2008, it exported 14,700 tons of tilapia processed products and earned US$52.14 million in foreign exchange. There are 15,586 tilapia farmers in the city, creating 100,000 jobs. More than 10,000 people are engaged in tilapia processing, transportation and sales, with an average annual labor income of more than 20,000 yuan. The tilapia industry has become one of the pillar industries in Maoming City that increases the income of farmers and earns foreign exchange through export of agricultural products. In recent years, the tilapia industry in Maoming City has gradually established a four-level product quality and safety monitoring system consisting of enterprise self-discipline, inspection and quarantine department supervision, industry association guidance, and fishery administrative department service supervision. At the same time, we insist on the construction of the tilapia certification system and strive to promote healthy aquatic farming and standardized production. At present, 6 tilapia healthy breeding demonstration bases have been established, and 23 tilapia breeding bases have obtained provincial pollution-free production area certification; 13 tilapia products have passed the pollution-free agricultural product certification of the Ministry of Agriculture; 88 tilapia breeding companies The enterprise has become an export registration base, with an export registration area of ​​more than 120,000 acres; 6 products of 4 enterprises have won the title of provincial famous brand products, thus effectively ensuring the quality and safety of tilapia. Party committees and governments at all levels in Maoming City have always attached great importance to the development of the tilapia industry, and have introduced a series of support policies to promote the industrialized operation of "enterprise + base + farmers" to create a tilapia industry that integrates breeding, processing, and export. The industrial "Golden Triangle" base has promoted the development of the tilapia industry cluster. In addition, Maoming City also actively provides guidance and support in investment promotion, processing and circulation, technology promotion, and disease prevention and control, organizes enterprises to participate in fishery expos and foreign inspections and other activities, expands domestic and foreign markets, and treats tilapia processing and export as an industry. A breakthrough in development, creating the world's largest tilapia industrial base and promoting the Maoming tilapia brand to the world.