Where is the tomb of Jin State? Was it stolen?

The Jin State established by the Jurchen nationality is an important dynasty in the history of China. This dynasty originated in today's Heilongjiang Province, once destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, with Yanjing as its capital, calling itself the orthodox dynasty of China, and was later destroyed by Mengyuan. The rulers of the state of Jin, like the emperors of past dynasties, attached great importance to the construction of tombs after death. So, where are the tombs of the Jin Dynasty distributed? Like the fate of most tombs, were they discovered by grave robbers?

Many people don't know that in addition to the large-scale Ming Tombs, there is also a tomb of the Jin Dynasty more than 200 years earlier than the Ming Tombs, in which 17 Jin emperors, their empresses and ministers are buried.

According to historical records, there are two obvious stages in the construction of tombs in the state of Jin. When Akuta unified Jurchen and established the State of Jin, the capital was in Beijing (now Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province). At that time, the Nuzhen rulers did not have an imperial tomb. They are all buried in the east of the national forest according to traditional customs, and the ritual system is also very sloppy.

In the Ming Dynasty, Hong Yan, Wang Hailing, moved its capital to Yanjing (now Beijing) and renamed Zhongdu, drawing on the experience of Chinese culture, and formulated a more detailed mausoleum system. In the third year of Zhenyuan (1 152), after careful investigation, Yan Yanliang ordered Yunfeng Temple of Dafang Mountain to be the mountain mausoleum. Later, the emperors of the Jin Dynasty moved all the ten emperors worshipped before the founding of the People's Republic of China from Beijing to Dafang Mountain, and then seven emperors (including Hailing Wang and Wei) and the emperors who have been worshipping since the founding of the People's Republic of China were also buried.

The tombs of the Jin emperors are as follows: the ancestor Han Pu buried the tomb of light; Dedi Ulu, buried Xiling; Andi buried the tomb at sea; Worship ancestors and bury Hui Ling; Zhaozu Shilu, buried Anling; The Jing family's grains are buried in Dingling; Sai-jo disintegrated in the bowl and buried the yongling; Su Zong stabbed Shu and buried the Tailing Mausoleum. Mu Zongyang cut and buried the tomb; Wu Yaliang, Kang Zong, buried Qiao Ling. Except Xuanzong was buried in Bianjing (Kaifeng, Henan) and Aizong was buried in Cai Zhou (runan county, Henan), seven emperors from Taizu to Wei Shaowang were buried at the foot of Dafang Mountain, Taizong was buried in Ling Rui, Taizong was buried in Gong Ling, Xizong was buried in Siling, Sejong was buried in Ling Xing and Zhang Zong was buried in Daoling. After the death of Emperor Hailing and Emperor Wei Shaowang, their names were all cut off, so there was no mausoleum. ?

According to the field investigation and historical records of Beijing Cultural Relics Department, the tombs of Jin emperors are mainly distributed in Jiulong Mountain at the foot of Dafang Mountain, Fenghuang Mountain, Liansanding Dongyu and Changgouyu in the south of Dafang Mountain, among which Jiulong Mountain is the main mausoleum area of Jin emperors' tombs. Xu Jinguo ancestor's ten emperors, five emperors and two deposed emperors were all buried in a * * * in Fangshan Xu Jinguo's tomb area, plus many empresses and etiquette buried with him, as well as the palace built, which was of considerable scale.

After the death of the Jin State, the rulers of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, like all previous dynasties, sacrificed and maintained the imperial tombs of the former dynasties, so the imperial tombs of the Jin State were always taken care of by the official grave keepers. However, during the apocalypse of the Ming Dynasty, Manchu, a descendant of Nuzhen, rose in the northeast and established the post-Jin regime. From the Wanli period, the Jurchen nationality posed a serious military threat to the Ming Dynasty, which suffered a serious military defeat.

At this time, Mr. Feng Shui gave the Apocalypse Emperor a bad idea, saying that the rise of Manchu was due to the excellent Feng Shui of their ancestor Jin Guo Mausoleum, and the place "Long Mai" in Dafangshan was too prosperous. So the apocalypse emperor was angry at Jinling. He not only stopped offering sacrifices in Jinling, but also sent officers and men to carry out official destructive damage to the mausoleum of the State of Jin in the second year of the Apocalypse, which was severely damaged. In addition to demolishing the ground buildings in the cemetery, the Ming Dynasty also built many Guandi temples in the cemetery in an attempt to suppress the geomantic omen in the late Jin Dynasty.

After 1664 entered the customs, the Qing army also protected the tombs of emperors in previous dynasties as usual. However, because Jinling was destroyed by the anger of the Ming Dynasty at the end of the Jin Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty restored the tombs of the Jin Dynasty, and especially improved the sacrificial specifications of Jinling. During the Qianlong period, the imperial tomb of the State of Jin was expanded again, and the Emperor Qianlong personally offered sacrifices, kneeling and worshiping six times.

Generally speaking, the tombs of the Jin Dynasty were mainly destroyed by the Ming Dynasty officials, not excavated by grave robbers on a large scale. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the cultural relics department carried out a rescue excavation of Taizu Mausoleum, which provided the most direct first-hand information for the study of the history of the scholarship.