The Original Text and Translation of Tao Yuanming's Book II of the Republic of China
Teacher Guo's book notes 1 2: autumn cool festival: gradually cool autumn solar terms 2:: as a reminiscence landscape. Morning Scene 3 Mausoleum Cen: Gaoling 4 Open: Open like Ronglin. Dialogue with Yan Guan's column. Jiang Yan's Miscellaneous Poems: "When living, the clouds are crowned with autumn mountains. It is the same as this grammar. 5 Zhuo: Independent appearance 6 You Ren: Gao 7: Fu, Holding and Grasping. Uh, it refers to Songju. Tricks, secrets, avenues. In other words, hermits in the past have mastered Ao Shuang's eulogy for thousands of years. Tao Songyi's chrysanthemum self-excitation exercises. 8 elements: letters. Exhibition, open letter. If the inspector is not exhibited, it means that he has not been able to read each other's letters. Fang Shudong's Zhan Yan of Zhao Wei: "Interrogation is also unreasonable. "Tao's annotation is self-checking and easy to understand.
The second part mainly appreciates the book "The Republic of China", and the second part mainly talks about autumn colors. Writing autumn colors, creating a unique stream path, is a groundbreaking feature of this poem. Contrary to the previous tradition of mourning for autumn, we appreciate its beauty, elegance and splendor. In the ancient poetry, autumn scenery is chilling and sad, and Song Yu's Nine Arguments bears the brunt: "Alas, autumn is the spirit! A bleak, withered vegetation, decline. Later, autumn scenery had an indissoluble bond with sadness, such as Autumn Wind Poem by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Ancient Songs of the Han Dynasty (autumn wind rustling, worrying about killing people), Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi, Parrot Fu by Mi Fei, Ding Yi by Cao Zhi, Wang Biao by Baima, Poems of Thinking by Wang Shen and Poems of Climbing the Building. However, autumn scenery in Tao Yuanming's poems is different. The first sentence does not write about autumn scenery, but about the amount of spring rain, which means that the mixed rain (harmony) continues this spring, and March covers the whole spring. On the one hand, it inherits the technique of "Xing" in the Book of Songs, on the other hand, it compares rainy spring with cool autumn, which makes people feel that the beauty and beauty of autumn described below are much better than spring. Write down the coolness and elegance of autumn scenery: the dew condenses into frost, and there is no haze in the sky (the breath of swimming), so it is refreshing, especially fresh and clear. Looking from a distance, the mountains are undulating, the peaks are towering and towering, all of which are beautiful and wonderful; Close look at the chrysanthemums in full bloom in the forest, dazzling and fragrant; The verdant pine trees on the rocks stand upright in rows. The autumn wind is chilly, which makes the flowers wither, but the chrysanthemums are in full bloom against the frost and are unique; The chilly autumn wind makes all the trees wither, but the pine trees are cold and lush, and the green is about to drip. No wonder the poet can't help but think of the firmness and beauty of this pine chrysanthemum and admire its outstanding style, calling it the outstanding one under the frost.
Being good at using metaphor and symbolism in real scenes and expressing strong subjective feelings is another remarkable feature of this poem. The poet raised his glass and drank chrysanthemum wine (title) From the strangeness of Yifeng and the beauty of Songju, he naturally associates and reminds those ancient hermits (hermits) who are quite similar to Yifeng and Songju. They are aloof, arrogant and introverted. They have been insisting on (caressing) Songju (2) for thousands of years, and their lofty morality and bright festivals are really admirable. Here, the moral integrity of praising and admiring "lovers" also includes the self-metaphor and self-improvement of the poet's inner character. However, this is only one aspect of the poet's inner world; On the other hand, it is "strong and strong when young, swimming alone with a sword" (the eighth antique); "I am eager to escape from the four seas, and I am in Philip Burkart" (the fifth of Miscellaneous Poems); "Or it will be of great benefit to life" ("touching but not meeting Fu"). The second part of Miscellaneous Poems was written around the age of 50, but he still lamented: "The sun and the moon abandon people and cannot win." . In his later years, when he wrote Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas, he shouted indignantly: "It is evil to learn from God clearly." Praise "Xingtian dance is United and fierce." Ode to Jing Ke also praises: "Although it is gone, it is deeply affectionate for thousands of years. All this shows that the poet has never forgotten the reality all his life; While longing for "seclusion", there is always a torrent of grief and indignation in my heart. This ambivalence about the source of treasure is reflected in this poem, which leads to two sentences at the end: poets are always bored under the clear autumn moon.
It can be seen that writing autumn scenery is cool and clear, symbolizing the clean and pure quality of lovers and poets; Writing the strange tomb of Cen Yifeng symbolizes the indomitable spirit of poets and hermits. Writing about the chastity of Fang Ju and Song Qing symbolizes the moral integrity of lovers and poets. From the perspective of external relations, it is completely logical to think of you from autumn scenery and reflect on yourself from you. From the perspective of internal relations, images such as condensation, serenity, Lingcen, harmony and so on all symbolize the quality and integrity of a hermit, and all reflect the poet's aesthetic subject consciousness, which is really the unity of things and me. And in the spiritual quality of the hermit, it embodies the spiritual quality of the poet; But the sigh of "nothing to show" is different from that of "quiet people".
It has been a long time since the predecessors used the metaphor of pine chrysanthemum to describe people or used pine chrysanthemum as a symbolic scene. Zi Han, the Analects of Confucius: "When the cold comes and the summer goes, you will know that the pine and cypress are withered." . But this is just a simple metaphor. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" contains "Evening Banquet and Autumn Chrysanthemum", which is symbolic, but lyrically it is only an imaginary metaphor, not a realistic scenery. In Cao Zhi's Ode to Luoshen, "Glory to Qiuju, Spring to Hua Mao." Chrysanthemum pine is used to describe Luo Shen's radiant face, which is only appearance rather than internal quality, and still does not write real scenes. Zuo Si's "Zhao Yin" has "autumn chrysanthemum eats, blue is heavy." Li Sao, Evening Banquet and Autumn Chrysanthemum and Qiu Lan thought it was a compliment are two sentences with the same nature. In Ode to History, Yu Yu Jane Song Di, it is unrealistic to say that a poor-born scholar is restrained. As for Zhong Hui and Sun Chu's Ju Hua Fu, although it is a description of scenery, it has no profound symbolic significance. The real combination of realism and symbolism of Bixing should be from the beginning of Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Su Shi commented on Tao Yun: "A high rate means wonderful meaning, and words and sentences are perfect. "It's like a big craftsman carrying a catty, and he can't see the trace of an axe. After reading this poem, I know that Sue's comments are not flattering.
Poetry: what country's main book. Second, the poems of Tao Yuanming in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Poetry classification: autumn, scenery, chanting and chrysanthemum.