Where is Liping County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province?

Liping county

Li Ping:

Pinyin: Pinyin

County name synthesis: Kaitai House was once known as Liyang.

Liping is known as "the oil pan in the granary of mountains and seas" and "the Dong capital of China".

Telephone area code: 0855

Local time: Beijing time (China standard time) UTC+8.

Liping County belongs to Guizhou Province, and the people's government is located in Defeng Town. Min Qihua, secretary of the county party committee, and Wang Chongsong, county magistrate. Located at east longitude 108. 3 1'— 109。 3 1', latitude 25. 4 1'—26。 The total population is over 500,000. The local postal code is 557300, and the county's jurisdiction area is 444 1 square kilometer, which is the most populous and extensive area in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture. Liping has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant rainfall, beautiful local scenery and numerous human and natural landscapes.

Second, the basic situation

Liping county is located in the southeast of Guizhou province, east longitude 108. 3 1'— 109。 3 1', latitude 25. 4 1'—26。 3 1', located at the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi provinces, is a transitional zone from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to hilly areas in the south of the Yangtze River, and belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate. It borders Jingzhou, Tongdao County, Hunan Province and Sanjiang County, Guangxi Province in the southeast, Rongjiang and congjiang county in the southwest and Jianhe and Jinping County in the northeast. It is a county dominated by Dong people, where Dong people, Han people, Miao people, Yao people and Shui people live together. It is also one of the largest and most populous counties in Guizhou Province.

Liping county is one of the 28 key forestry counties in China and one of the demonstration counties of 1 1 returning farmland to forests, and it is also a national commodity grain base county. The county's forestry land area is 5.58 million mu, and the forest coverage rate is 58.44%. At present, the main minerals found in Liping County are gold, phosphorus, manganese, coal, piezoelectric crystals, siliceous raw materials, limestone for cement, decorative stone, building sandstone and so on. There are 106 mineral deposits and occurrences (mineralization points). Among them, 37 kinds of minerals have proven reserves in different degrees, and the main reserves are produced at 168. The proven reserves belong to 8 large mines and 16 medium-sized mines. The main minerals developed are gold, silica, decorative stone slabs, building sandstone, brick clay and so on. Timber production ranks first in Guizhou Province. The accumulation of Phyllostachys pubescens ranks second in Guizhou Province. Rich in tea, camellia oil, fruit, tung oil, turpentine, Chinese herbal medicine, gold and marble. There are camellia oleifera forests10.4 million mu in China, with an annual output of refined Dongxiang camellia oil10.5 million tons.

There are 996,000 mu of pine forests in the county, and the annual production and processing of rosin is 4,000 tons, ranking first in the province. Liping yellow cattle and Liping fragrant rice sell well in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan and the whole Guizhou province. The geological reserves of silicon ore are nearly 654.38 billion tons, and it has gradually become one of the industrial silicon production bases in Southwest China.

There are 2 distinctive tourist attractions in Liping, 25 first-class attractions and 37 second-class attractions. There is no severe cold in winter and no intense heat in summer, and the annual average temperature is 15-25℃.

Three. administrative division

Liping county governs 10 towns:

Defeng Town, Gaotun Town, Zhongchao Town, Mengyan Town, Aoshi Town, Jiuchao Town, Yandong Town, Shuikou Town, Hongzhou Town and Shangzhong Town.

Jurisdiction over 15 townships (including 2 ethnic townships)

Hue Yao, Donglei Yao, Yongcong, Luo Li, Maogong, Bazhai, Koujiang, Shuangjiang, Zhaoxing, Long 'e, Diping, Deshun, Dajia, Pingzhai and Dehua.

Fourth, historical evolution.

"Liping is a delicious food with a reputation of thousands of miles" is the ancient literati's admiration for the culture of Liping ancient city. Now there is a road in the international metropolis Shanghai called Liping Road. Liping ancient city, located at the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi provinces, has a history of 1300 years. In Tang Dynasty, Liping was ruled by Longbiao County, called Wunaozhai, which was the beginning of Tusi. In the 20th year of Zhiyuan, Yuan Shizu was renamed Liping. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Shi Shilong and Prime Minister Sima Guang wrote to the emperor: "The ancient land of Mandi (now Liping) is rich in mountains and rivers, and there are many treasures. Barbarians gather people to make trouble. " Ordered an attack on local chief Yang. Guan Yu, Song Tongjun shot and killed thousands of people in Dong Village, not far from Liping City, and renamed the village Pingyao Village. This is an early record of Liping's specialties and soldiers, and it is also one of the important written materials since Qiandongnan to Song Dynasty. Liping, called Liyang in ancient times, is known as "the throat of eastern Guizhou and a military fortress". Since the Song Dynasty, it has always been a military strategic place, and wars have continued. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Mian led 200,000 peasant rebels to capture Guzhou (now Liping, Luo Li) and Jingzhou, and the court ordered Zhu Zhen and Tanghe, kings of Chu, to lead the encirclement and suppression, which lasted 10 years. In the 11th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 13), he set up Liping House, in charge of 14 dragon lawsuit. In the mid-1930s, when the Red Army's Long March arrived in Liping, the first county in Guizhou, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and Wang Jiaxiang held a "Liping Conference" here, which established the military strategic line of the Red Army's northward advance. Although there have been many wars, there are many cultural relics here. The ancient city walls such as Dongcheng Gate and Cheng Nan Gate are still alive; There are still many Ming and Qing residential buildings such as Erlangpo, Majiaxiang and Shuangjing Street. Huguang Guild Hall, Hu Rongshun Commercial Building, Jiurutang and other ancient commercial buildings in the early Qing Dynasty are still towering; Religious and military monuments such as Hegong Temple, Nanquanshan Ancient Temple, Xifo Cliff and Shiwanping Ancient Battlefield are still elegant. It can be said that Liping was a rare cultural treasure house from the Song Dynasty to the Republic of China. Such a heavy cultural accumulation in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties fully shows the cultural quality and original ecological culture of Liping ancient city.

Rivers and wells are the aura of a city, and culture is the soul of a city. The ancient city of Liping is surrounded by Nanquan Mountain in the south and Beimen Mountain in the north, forming a boat-shaped basin with a width of 10 km and a length of 3 km from top to bottom. There is a crystal clear Longxi River (now called Fulu River) downstream of Qingshui River at the foot of the North Gate. There are also five continuous five-brain mountains in the city, forming a five-dragon. Surprisingly, according to the five-brain topography, the ancestors dug 72 wells in the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" by using the layout of the Book of Changes, the stars, heavenly stems and earthly branches and geography, and the layout of the wells became a huge arhat map. This layout of digging wells is really rare in China. This well and Longxi with its own characteristics have nourished one side of life and nurtured generations of Liping descendants, making them brilliant. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Liping received 30 scholars and won 236 prizes. There were many talented people in Ming Dynasty, such as He Tengjiao, Mei Youyue, Zhu Wannian, a former official minister of the Ministry of War, and Dr. Yazhong.

Liping, as the seat of Longbiao County in Tang Dynasty, can also read some epics praising Liping's landscape culture from ancient books and documents. After Wang Changling was demoted as the magistrate of Longbiao County, when he bid farewell to his friends in Longxi in Tianbao period (742), he wrote "Send Cui Longxi": "Longxi is only on Longbiao, and Qiushan is alone in the moon." In the autumn of the twenty-seventh year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, Long Qilei, then the judge of Dali in Nanjing, returned to Liping from Nanjing and moved to Longxi, where he wrote a poem "Sacrificing Wang Changling": "The dragon shows that the sky is far away from Longxi, and the mountains and the moon are low; The thousand-year-old soul should not complain, and poetry will bloom all over Yelangxi. " These few words, however, show Li Ping's beautiful geographical features, and also express his great sympathy for Wang Changling's relegation to the dragon to show his defense, his praise for spreading the spirit of Chinese culture, and his feeling that poetry has blossomed everywhere.

Liping ancient city is a traffic fortress with Huguang in the east and Yungui in the west, and it is also the watershed between Qingshui River and Liujiang River. It is rich in Chinese fir, fungus, yam and cowhide. It is a place where merchants of all dynasties gathered, and the market is quite prosperous, and it has the nickname of Little Nanjing. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, businessmen from Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other provinces established chambers of commerce in Liping. The existing Jiaqing Huguang Guild Hall in Qing Dynasty has a building area of more than 3,480 square meters, and there are more than 80 inscriptions on various flat cards such as "Exploring Flowers" and "Champion" hanging in the Palace alone. In terms of wood, there is still more than 5,000 years ago. "There are thousands of people fighting each other every day and thousands of lights at night." It was the grand occasion of the prosperity of Liping ancient city. In order to prosper the economy, local residents have transported precious medicinal materials such as tea oil, walnuts, mushrooms, gastrodia elata and Eucommia ulmoides from the mountains to Qingshui River, Xiadongting and Shanghai all the year round, making the ancient city of Liping always famous in Shanghai and other metropolises. Since the Song Dynasty, the story of "Liping is a delicacy, and its fame is thousands of miles away" has spread farther and farther and lasted for a long time.

The historical position and function of Liping conference;

Liping Meeting is the first important meeting in a series of meetings marked by Zunyi Meeting. Specific performance in:

First, the Liping Meeting was a Politburo meeting held after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China broke through the Central Soviet Area in Jiangxi. After the closing of the Central Plenary Session, it was the highest-level meeting within the Party, which decided the major policies of the Red Army at that time in its strategic turning point in the Long March. Therefore, the resolutions and decisions of the meeting are very important and determine the fate and future of the Central Committee and the Red Army.

Second, for the first time, it denied the wrong strategic policy that Bo Gu Kailai and Li De caused great losses to the Red Army. At the beginning of the Long March, there were two "obsessions" about the wrong line of the Central Committee: First, they refused to throw away the "jars" until they broke through the fourth blockade of the Kuomintang army; The second is to refuse to change the unrealistic strategic policy of going north to Xiangxi to meet the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps. The quarrel didn't stop all the way, and the passage meeting was not resolved. It was not until the Liping meeting that it was clearly resolved for the first time. In the name of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, in the form of decision, he denied the outdated and wrong military line stubbornly adhered to by Bo Gu Kailai and Li De.

Third, for the first time, it ended the situation that Mao Zedong was excluded from the central leadership for more than three years since the Gannan meeting in June193/kloc-0, and began to form a situation in which most central leaders (including those who opposed him in the past) agreed, supported and supported his correct ideas, thus re-establishing Comrade Mao Zedong's core leadership position in the CPC Central Committee for the Zunyi meeting. This is of great significance for China's revolution to return to the right path, for China's revolution to develop rapidly under the correct leadership of Mao Zedong, for China's revolution to avoid detours and reduce the time for China people to grope in the dark.

Justice.

Fourth, the meeting made a decision to establish a new base area on the Sichuan-Guizhou border. Although it was not realized because of the later changes in the situation, its direction, tasks and objectives played an important role in uniting the strength of the whole party and army, boosting morale, eliminating the dangerous tendency of defeatism and guerrilla, strengthening the revolutionary belief of the Red Army and building up confidence in victory.

Fifth, this meeting became an attempt by the China * * * Production Party to solve major problems independently, which set a precedent for denying the erroneous guidance of the * * * Production International and its representatives to the China Revolution in the history of our Party, and it was a turning point for our Party to follow blindly to think independently, and from resignation to self-assertion.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) forest resources

Forestry is a traditional industry in Liping. As early as the fourth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1739), Liping began artificial afforestation, which lasted for 42 years (1777). In Liping, "Chinese fir trees on both sides of the strait are photocopied backwards, and a giant raft flows in one river." Wood sells well in Jianghuai and Guangdong. After more than 260 years of ups and downs in forest management, Liping people have accumulated rich experience in forest management and created great spiritual and material wealth. In 2006, there were 3.7 million mu of forest land in the county, the forest coverage rate was 65%, and the standing stock was141500,000 cubic meters, ranking first among all the forestry counties in the province 10, with 24 rare species under state protection and 220 wild Chinese medicinal materials 1220. There are 52 genera and 675 species of wild animals.

Liping's tourism resources are composed of natural landscape tourism, ethnic customs tourism and historical and humanistic tourism. Tourist attractions, including the largest span natural stone arch bridge listed in Guinness World Records-Gaotun Tiansheng Bridge and the beautiful Bazhou River Scenic Area; Taiping Mountain has agricultural Xiangshan forest and Phyllostachys pubescens forest, which is known as virgin forest and bamboo sea, and the accumulation of Phyllostachys pubescens ranks second in the province. Cultural landscapes, including Zhaoxing Drum Tower Group, Liping Conference Site, Tang 'an Ecological Museum, Dongmenqiao Street Ancient Architecture Group, Dong folk songs, Pipa music, etc., are regarded as the wonderful works of oriental art, integrating natural landscape, human landscape, ethnic customs and cultural relics, and are the key areas of Guizhou East Line Tourism Boutique Line. Liping's national culture is rich and colorful, mainly including national song and dance culture, national customs and habits culture, national architecture culture and national production and life culture. Liping county is rich in forest resources, with a large volume, mainly producing Chinese fir. Therefore, it is known as the "hometown of Chinese fir" and belongs to one of the top ten forest counties in Guizhou Province, with a forest coverage rate of 58%. The main tree species are: Chinese fir, Pinus massoniana, Camellia oleifera and Carya cathayensis.

Rare tree species in China's forest resources are:

Belongs to the national first-class protection: Taiwania flousiana.

It belongs to the national second-class protection: Pecking Walnut, Bole Tree, Cephalotaxus Cephalotaxus, Hedysarum japonicum, Fragrant Fruit Tree, Umbrella Flower, Ginkgo biloba, Gooseberry Tree, Equisetum Tree and Sightseeing Tree.

It belongs to the national third-class protection: Taxodium distichum, Taxodium distichum, Taxodium distichum, Magnolia Officinalis, Manglietia ledong, Phoebe bournei, Pinus quinquefasciatus, Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Bai Shu, Ginkgo biloba and Mahogany.

It belongs to the key protected tree species in Guizhou Province: Cephalotaxus fortunei, Taxus mairei, Cinnamomum cassia, Michelia alpina, Michelia glabra, Phoebe bournei, Red Bean, Japanese Bean, Birch and Schima superba.

Chinese herbal medicine resources

Liping is rich in Chinese herbal medicine resources. There are hundreds of medicinal plants including Platycodon grandiflorum, Lonicera japonica Thunb., Uncaria rhynchophylla, Pinellia ternata, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Radix Dipsaci, Eucommiae Cortex, Fructus Gardeniae, Cortex Phellodendri, Crataegus pinnatifida, Mume Fructus, medulla tetrapanacis, Phyllostachys pubescens, Panax japonicus, Begonia, Hemerocallis, etc. In recent years, gastrodia elata, Eucommia ulmoides, Fritillaria cirrhosa, Poria cocos, Polygonatum odoratum, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Adenophora adenophora, Achyranthes bidentata and so on have been artificially introduced and cultivated. ,

In April, 20021year, Liping county was selected as the second top 100 cultural counties in China.

202 1, 1, in 2020, the ranking of influential counties in rural revitalization communication was released, and Liping County ranked 320th.

In June 2020, 165438+ 10, the list of top 100 tea counties in China was released, and Liping County ranked 55th.

In June 2020, Liping County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Army)).

In March of 20 19, Liping county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 18.

On February 20 18, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission named Liping County as the sixth batch of national demonstration zones for national unity and progress.