Appreciation of Poems on the Wall of Dayu Shanbei Inn

Song was inscribed on the wall of the North Inn of Dayu Mountain, and was selected as 300 Tang poems. Daguangling is one of the five mountains, which was regarded as the dividing line between north and south by the ancients. There is a legend that the northern geese flew south here but did not reach Lingnan. This poem was written by the author when he was exiled to Qinzhou and passed through Dagengling. The whole poem writes the sadness of relegating Lingnan and expresses the feelings in the journey. At first, I started from Bixing, writing that I miss home and geese, and then writing that Lingnan is evil and homesick. In the last two sentences, the scenery was changed to lyric, and I prayed to see Hongmei and send her relatives to express my heartfelt wishes. This poem aims at writing "worry", but it doesn't say "worry". It is sad and full of sadness, with emotion as the background and scenery as the support, sincere and touching. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry.

original text

Inscribed on the wall of an inn in the north of Dayu Mountain.

Author: Song

In the lunar month, geese began to fly south. It is said that they flew to Dayuling, and they all turned back.

Birds don't enter, but I don't travel far to Lingnan. I don't know when, when can I return home?

The tide receded, the river rippled quietly, the forest was dark and malaria was scattered.

Tomorrow I will climb to the top of the mountain and look north at my hometown, or I can see the red berries on the top of the mountain.

To annotate ...

Dayuling: It is one of the five ridges in the south of Dayu County, Jiangxi Province. Beiyou: A post station north of Dayuling.

Yangyue: October of the lunar calendar.

Come back so far: According to legend, the flight from north to south will stop at Dayuling and return to the north in spring. This: refers to Dayuling.

Never stops: it never stops. Special: still. The sentence "I can do it" means that the relegation site I want to go to is still far away, so I can't stop yet.

Return: Come back again.

Early tide: Just at low tide. Chu: Just now.

Toxic gases harmful to people in hot and humid weather in southern mountainous areas and forests.

Looking at hometown: a place looking at hometown from a distance, which means standing in Dayuling. At the junction of Jiangxi and Guangdong, it is one of the five mountains.

Beiyou: A post station north of Dayuling.

Longtoumei: Dayuling is located in the south, and plum blossoms will bloom in October. In the past, red, white and plum were arranged on both sides of the street, so it was called Meiling. Longtou: It means "Lingtou".

Rhyme translation

In October of the lunar calendar, geese begin to fly south. It is said that they all turned back when they flew to Dayuling.

Birds don't get in, but my trip is not over. I really don't know when and when I will be forgiven.

The tide receded, the river rippled quietly, the mountains were dark, and the miasma was thick and could not be dispersed.

Tomorrow I will climb to the top of the high mountain and look north at my hometown, or I can see: the first cranberry on that mountain.

explain

This is the work of the poet when he was exiled and passed through Dayuling. By describing the scenery seen along the way, the whole poem expresses the poet's lament over the ups and downs of officialdom and his yearning for his hometown. The poet wrote this poem first when he saw the geese flying south. It is said that the wild goose flies south to fish the ridge and returns north, but his trip is endless and I don't know when it will come back. People are not as good as geese, which profoundly shows the poet's sad and complicated heart. The last four sentences are about the bleak scenery of Dayuling at dusk. Where is hometown? When the river tide begins to ebb, the water surface is calm and miasma pervades? Set foot on Lingtou tomorrow morning and take a look at your hometown again! Although she can't be seen, the plum blossoms blooming on the ridge should be visible! Suffering and homesickness are exposed here. The whole poem is about "worry", and there is no word "worry". Nevertheless, people still feel full of sadness and sadness. Poets set the scene with emotion, set the scene with emotion, integrate the scene and convey feelings, so the feelings are sincere and touching. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry.

The first four sentences of this poem are what the poet saw and felt before climbing Dayuling:

"They say that the geese flying south will return here this month."1The geese that started flying south in October are said to have stopped flying south after flying to Dayuling and will start flying back next spring.

I wonder, will my own trip to the south be turned back? ? But I am still far from being demoted this time. I still need to go south, and I don't know when I will come back.

The last four sentences of this poem describe the scenery in front of the poet and the poet's imagination:

"When the tide ebbed, the river stopped and the Woods were filled with fog." Before the post station, the tide began to recede and the river was quiet; In the mountains and forests, miasma is pervasive and clouds are lingering.

"But tomorrow morning, on the other side of the mountain, the dawn will be white, with plum trees in my hometown." Tomorrow, when I climb the mountain and look back at my hometown, although it is October, I should also see the plum blossoms in the dragon head.

Comment and analysis

This is a five-law written in Lingbeitie when Song exiled Qinzhou (now northeast of Qinzhou, Guangxi) through Dayuling. Dayuling is now in Dayuling, Jiangxi, where there are many plum blossoms, also called Meiling. The ancients thought that this ridge was the dividing line between the north and the south, because it was said that the northern wild goose south returned here in October and never crossed the ridge again.

Originally, in the period of Wuhou and Zhongzong, Song was very lucky. After Zong Rui came to power, he became a sinner and was sent to Lingnan. His heart was full of pain and sadness. So, when I arrived at the North whistle of Dayuling, I looked at the vast mountains and wild geese, thinking that I would cross the ridge tomorrow, and I would soon reach the Central Plains across a ridge. Suddenly, he felt the pain of disappointment and the sadness of homesickness. A sad voice blurted out: "They said that the geese flying south turned back this month. I wonder, will my own trip to the south be turned back? ? "It means: in the sunny month (October of the lunar calendar), the geese fly here in the south and return to the north, but I, like" The Lonely Goose Flying South Alone "(Cao Pi's Miscellaneous Poems), can't stay, and I have to climb mountains and mountains to that remote place; The geese go back to the north regularly, and as for me, when can I go back to Dayuling and my hometown to reunite with my relatives! From geese to people, the poet used the method of contrast. In contrast, people are depressed and resentful, and people are not as emotional as geese. This sharp contrast shows the poet's painful and complicated inner feelings, such as sadness, sadness and yearning, implicitly, tactfully and deeply.

The poet compared man to a wild goose, and embellished the scenery in front of him with five or six sentences: "When the tide ebbs, the river stops and the forest is foggy." In the evening, the river tide began to ebb, the water surface was calm and lonely, and the forest was filled with miasma. This scene adds another sadness to the poet. Because the river ebbs, the river is still calm, but the poet's heart fluctuates, but there is no moment of peace. The jungle is foggy, miasma is like smoke, and the hometown is hard to find; How the road ahead is unpredictable. Frustration and homesickness made him unbearable in the face of this scene. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry.

Annoying sight, sorrow killed the exiled courtier who returned to the south, and the hazy realm was just like his inner wandering. So these two sentences are connected with the lyric of the other two sentences, which is really good. Taking the scenery as the background, it renders the desolate and lonely atmosphere, sets off the sad mood, and makes the lyric further, more profound and delicate, and more intense and concrete.

In the last two sentences, the poet turned from scenery writing to lyricism. He secretly prayed in his heart: "But tomorrow morning, when I cross that mountain, the dawn will be white with the plum trees in my hometown." Set foot on Lingtou tomorrow morning and take a look at your hometown again! Although she can't be seen, the plum blossoms blooming on the ridge should be visible! "Jingzhou Ji" contains a poem by Lu Kai, a poet of the Southern Liang Dynasty: "Fold plum blossoms and send them to the people in the dragon head. What's in Jiangnan? Talk about giving it to a spring. " The poet secretly used this allusion. Although he can't go home, he very much hopes to send a plum to comfort his relatives in his hometown.

Feelings are sad and lasting, and the poet's homesickness has risen to the highest point, but it has not been revealed. Shen Yifu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said that "scenery is the best way to connect feelings" and "contains infinite meaning". This couplet is like this. Instead of continuing to write the real scene, the poet found another way, wrote an imagination and made a virtual scene to close the whole poem. This not only deepens the theme, but also has a mellow feeling, which has endless implications and makes people daydream.

The whole poem is about "worry", and there is no word "worry". Nevertheless, people still feel full of sadness and sadness. Why is there such artistic charm? Because "those who are good at seeing the scenery will never describe it and embellish it a little", while "those who are good at expressing their feelings will show it and hide it" (Lu Shiyong's General Theory of Poetry and Mirror). This poem is unique in Taoist scenery and love. The poet set up a situation with emotion, set up a situation with emotion, and blended scenes to write the true feelings, making them sincere and touching.

Appreciation question and answer

(1) This poem expresses the sorrow of travel and travel, but there is not a word "sorrow" in the whole poem. Where does the poet hide his sorrow?

A poet hid "sorrow" in geese flying south, in rivers and tides, in forests and in plum blossoms.

Solving problems means that "worry" is invisible and intangible, and it is called "emptiness" in poetry creation, so we can't take emptiness as emptiness, we must turn scenery into emotion, which is also a key to poetry appreciation. Therefore, when answering this question, we must look for it in the scenery written by the poet.

(2) The poet concludes with "Dawn will be white with the plum tree at home", which contains a lot of subtext. Please expand the association and give play to it:

A: The poet imagines that what he will see on the ridge tomorrow is red plum in full bloom. He wants to break a branch and send it to his family to report his safety, but can he meet a "courier"? Even if I meet a courier, I'm afraid I'm not willing to take a message for moving guests and officials. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry.

Solving problems means that when writing poetry, you must ride a horse of association and gallop in the vast space and time, so should appreciation. When answering this question, we should also combine the poet's mood at that time, so as to "think" reasonably.

Brief introduction of the author

Song Wenzhi, whose name is Yanqing, was born in Fenzhou (now Fenyang City, Shanxi Province). I talked about Hongnong of Zhou State (now Lingbao County, Henan Province). A famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty.

Song was born in the reign of Emperor Qingyuan (656 ~ 7 12) and had no prominent family background. His father Song Ling Wen set out from his hometown, determined to study and make friends. Li Shuo's exploration of etymology is multifaceted. He is not only "rich in words, skillful in writing, magnificent and unique, and is known as the three best in the world". When he was in Tang Gaozong, he was the master of Zuo Xiaolangwei and the master of Dongtai in charge of old books, and his reputation was not bad. Under the influence of his father, Song and his younger brothers, Song Zhixun and Song Zhixun, were diligent and studious since childhood, and each had a unique father. Song Zhiyong was brilliant, Song Xun was good at Cao Li, and Song was a professional writer, which became a much-told story at that time. In the second year of Shang Yuan (675), the tall and handsome Song Jinshi boarded the "Longmen" and embarked on the right track of his official career.

The day of the Song Dynasty was the time to actually master the affairs of state. Wuhou accepted "Zhenguan" and made great efforts to select talents, not sticking to one pattern. Song and Yang Jiong were called into the Museum of Internal Literature in the name of talents, and were soon enfeoffed to join the army in Luozhou (now the northeast of Luoyang, Henan). In the second year of Yonglong (68 1), he joined Yang Jiong as a bachelor of Chongwenmen. In the autumn of the first year of God-given (690), Wuhou proclaimed himself emperor, changed the title of Zhou, and called Song and Yang Jiong to Luoyang Xige. During the period of 15, Song soon became a bachelor of five products from the internal education of Jiupin Zhengtang, which was highly praised by people at that time. The post of bachelor in Tang Dynasty was favored by the advisers and attendants of the Emperor of Heaven in literary language. Song, who came from a humble background, was grateful and proud of it, and regarded it as a shortcut and guarantee to get ahead. He said in the preface to "Visiting Princess Taiping from Jiulongtan to Seek the Banquet of King Anping": "I am less pregnant with Shang Wei, and I have been working in Lingqiu for a long time. I have practiced the paradise of the past and can't stay long; What can I do to climb the king's laurel tree? " This is a typical expression of his mentality. Wu Hou's elegant movement, Song cleverly thought of culture for luck. On a trip to Longmen, Luoyang, the marquis of Wu ordered the minister to write poems. Zuo's poems were written first, and the marquis of Wu gave him a robe. He also presented the poem "Longmen Yingzhi" in the Song Dynasty, saying that "both arts and sciences are beautiful, and the left and right are called good". Wuhou took the Oriental Qiujin robe and handed it to him. This capture not only embodies Wuhou's advocacy of Song De's poetic style, but also shows the creative direction of Song at this time, which has a great impact on his reputation and status. During the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, Song not only traveled to Henan from the post-Wu Dynasty, but also flattered Wu Hou's near-fortunate concubines, consorts and friends, feeling that "the ambition is only to reach, but to forget." This pursuit and life made him gradually indulge and degenerate, and consciously or unconsciously fell into the political whirlpool of power struggle and interest struggle within the ruling group.

In the later years of Wuhou, Song was transferred to Shangshu and Zuoren Festival. After Wu Meichen, he and his brother "love their talents with elegance" and called him and his friends Du, Yan, Shen Quanqi, Wang Wujing, Yin Yuankai, Fu Jiamo and Liu to prepare for the study. Song, Yan and many other branded Zhang Fuwen entered the collection and fell in love at first sight. Shucheng, who lived in Chang 'an for two years (703), moved to Li Si. In the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705), the Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi and the King of Dianshan forced Wu to retreat, killing them, and friends such as Ying, Song and Du were all relegated. Song Wenzhi relegated Longzhou (now Luoding County, Guangdong Province) to join the army. Everything is difficult, and he longs for the glory of the past. The following spring, he secretly fled back to Luoyang. He found that his friend Zhang Hewang and other prime ministers, Wu Sansi (at the time of Zhang Jian) made people snitch, and he was appointed as the main book of Hung Hom. "This was deeply laughed at by just people." In July of the first year of Jinglong (707), the prince killed Wu Sansi and his son and died. Song praised the achievements of Wu and his son in the above table. Please build a monument in SHEN WOO, Tang Zhongzong, and find out the admirers. The following year, he was transferred to the post of Foreign Minister and worked with a group of scholars such as Du, Wu Pingyi, Shen Quanqi and Yan in the Xiuwen Pavilion. "He cited many examples and many famous people." At that time, the cronies of the imperial court fought for power and position. Because he was attached to Princess Anle, Princess Taiping was jealous of him and suggested Zhongzong. In the third year (7O9), Yu Jinglong moved him to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang).

During the period, Song was deeply touched by political turmoil and personal humiliation. When he came to a fresh and beautiful water town from a decadent court, he began to purify his mind and sublimate his realm. After sincerely praising Dayu's eternal virtues of water control, disaster relief and saving people, he wrote in Yuezhou: "The king is the heart first, and pleasure is the virtue." After entering politics, just avoid it. Enlighten by watching the mirror water and help bamboo arrows to be straight; Pay tribute to God's rest and look forward to man's rest. "Reflects the ideological and emotional changes. As a result, he climbed mountains in Yuezhou and visited people's livelihood. His poetry creation was "quite independent" and began to turn into a healthy and fresh track. "Everyone is spreading satire in the capital. However, just as Song began to embark on the road of "rebirth", another palace coup drove him to the wall. In June of the first year of Jing Yun (7 10), Li Longji, king of Linhai County, and Princess Taiping killed Wei Ruyun and Princess Anle, established Tang Ruizong, and sent Song and Wu Sansi to Qinzhou (now the northeast of Qinzhou, Guangxi), then pardoned and changed to Guangxi. In August of the first year of congenital (7 12), after Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, Song was granted death in the immigration office, ending his last life journey.

Song is a famous contemporary poet, but he is not praised politically and his behavior is quite absurd. Due to the limitations of court poets, he was subject to ghostwriting and his ambition was low. Many of his poems praise merit, whitewash peace, be flashy and vague. But with the turmoil of life, contact with society and experience of life, he also created some good works, which are refreshing. Yang Jiong wrote "Sacrifice to Yang Yingchuan" after his death, which adopted four or four standards, using phonetic characters and fancy sentences. The content is concise, sad and sincere, which makes people cry. Compared with his ghostwriting "Sacrificing Liang for Zongshangshu" and "Sacrificing Lu for Zongshangshu Brothers", the feelings of the literati at that time were completely different. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to the 300 columns of Tang poetry.

As a poet, Song Wenzhi was famous when he was young. "He was especially good at five-character poems, but he was second to none at that time." Judging from the works included in Song Wenzhi Collection and Complete Tang Poetry, he had a good grasp of the genre at that time and was familiar with the use of famous articles and sentences. For example, the short song "Winter Clouds Lead Sima Cheng Town" V. Friendship sentence: "In the cold pool of the bright moon, youth is fading. This feeling is not for the laity, but for endless love. " The five-character ancient poem "Title Zhang Lao Pine Tree" is a metaphor for Gao Jie's sentence: "A hundred feet without an inch of branches, you will be lonely and straight all your life." Sifu sentence in He Ming Pian, a seven-character ancient poem; "MingHe unfriendly, if I would like to take it has been tianjin. Even the weaver girl will set up a machine stone and go to the city to sell hexagrams. " The five-word quatrain "Send Du Shenyan" expresses farewell: "I am sick and have to travel thousands of miles. The river bridge does not send each other, and Jiang Shuyuan is affectionate. " Lingyin Temple, a five-character poem, draws a beautiful sentence: "The building looks at the sea, and the door faces the Zhejiang tide." They are all fresh and frank, lyrical and sincere, picturesque. Song dynasty made great contributions to the melody of poetry by emphasizing comparison and preciseness. On the basis of the creative development of Qi, Liang Shenfang and Yu Xin from the early Tang Dynasty, he and Shen Quanqi tried hard to practice and summarize, so that all the systems of metrical poetry reached the stage of maturity and stereotypes, and the boundaries between classical poetry and modern poetry were drawn. In this form, they wrote masterpieces such as Watching the Jiangting Pavilion at Night, Sleeping in Xiangjiang River at Night, Inscribed on the Wall of an Inn in the North of Dayu Mountain and Du the Tomb of Dayu.

Contrast between English and Chinese

On the wall of an inn in the north of Dayu Mountain

Song Wenzhi

In the lunar month, geese began to fly south. It is said that they flew to Dayuling, and they all turned back.

Birds don't enter, but I don't travel far to Lingnan. I don't know when, when can I return home?

The tide receded, the river rippled quietly, the forest was dark and malaria was scattered.

Tomorrow I will climb to the top of the mountain and look north at my hometown, or I can see the red berries on the top of the mountain.

On the wall of an inn in the north of Dayu Mountain

Song Wenzhi

They say wild geese flying south,

Come back, just this month ....

My trip to the south

I wonder if it has been traced back.

... the river stopped flowing at low tide,

The Woods are thick with fog-

But tomorrow morning, over this mountain,

Dawn will be white, with plum trees in my hometown.