Why Yongzheng’s tomb was not opened? Why Yongzheng did not dare to be buried in the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty

The Qing Xiling Mausoleum is located at the foot of Yongning Mountain, 15 kilometers west of Yixian County, 140 kilometers away from Beijing and about 100 kilometers away from Baoding, covering an area of ​​more than 100 square kilometers. The Western Tombs of the Qing Dynasty are the mausoleums of four emperors since the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. There are 14 mausoleums in total, including Tailing of Yongzheng, Changling of Jiaqing, Muling of Daoguang and Chongling of Guangxu. In addition, there are three empress mausoleums and several gardens for princesses and concubines. Because it is opposite to the East Tomb of Qing Dynasty, it is called Xiling.

In fact, since the Qing Dynasty entered the customs and the emperors and concubines of the Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties built mausoleums at the foot of Changrui Mountain east of the capital, they created the tradition of "sons being buried with their fathers, and their ancestors carrying on the inheritance". "Zhao Mu's system". "Zhao Mu" is the ancient patriarchal system, the order of ancestral temples, the ancestor lives in the temple, the following father and son are called Zhaomu, the one on the left is Zhao, the one on the right is Mu. If the father is Zhao, the son will be Mu; if the father is Mu, the son will be Zhao. This method is also used for the left and right order of burial places in cemeteries. As early as the ancient book "Zhou Li", there was a standard description of "the burial of the previous king is in the middle, with Zhaomu as the left and right". As for why Emperor Yongzheng violated the "Zhao-Mu Rules" and chose another mausoleum site, some people say that Emperor Yongzheng felt that Dongling had poor feng shui and chose Xiling as his "auspicious place for thousands of years." Others said that Emperor Yongzheng felt that Yicheng was far from Beijing. It is relatively close, especially to Quyang County, which produces stone. The white marble stones used to build imperial palaces and mausoleums in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were produced in the Taihang Mountains of Quyang. Therefore, I decided to build my mausoleum in Xiling, which can save a lot of money. Artificial. Others say that Yongzheng tampered with Kangxi's will and did not dare to see his father after his death, so he built another tomb in Xiling. So, which statement is the historical fact?

Opening the history books, we can see that after Yongzheng ascended the throne, his political power became increasingly stable, and the construction of a mausoleum was put on the agenda. In the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign (1726), he handed over this important task to his capable and loyal confidant Yunxiang, and ordered another confidant Zhang Tingyu to assist. The Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Internal Affairs were responsible for the specific handling of the construction of the mausoleum.

The tombs of Emperors Shunzhi and Kangxi were both built in Zunhua, so Yunxiang and others naturally looked for auspicious sites in Zunhua. Traveling across mountains and rivers, wearing stars and moonlight, searching carefully. In April of the following year, Yunxiang finally found a mausoleum site in Jiufeng Chaoyang Mountain, and Emperor Yongzheng also nodded in agreement. However, later, the ministers and sorcerers who were proficient in Kanyu made repeated assessments and believed that Jiufeng Chaoyang Mountain "is large in scale but incomplete in shape, and the soil in the cave is full of sand and gravel, so it is really unusable." Therefore, Yongzheng abandoned the mausoleum site and asked his officials to investigate again. Yunxiang and others turned to search elsewhere. After four rounds of exploration, they confirmed that there was no satisfactory place in the Zunhua area. So, we explored southwest of Beijing and finally found a good mausoleum site in Taiping Valley, Taining Mountain, Yixian County. According to Yunxiang and others, this place is surrounded by Yiyun Mountain in the west, Taining Mountain in the north, hilly land in the east, and Yishui River in the south. It can be called: "the area where the heaven and earth gather together, the place where the rising sun meets, the dragon's cave" There is no beauty in the sand and gravel. The situation is reasonable, and Zhu Ji is prepared. "

However, if the mausoleum is chosen here, it obviously violates the system of burying the son with the father. It is not convenient for him to express his position immediately. It is said that this place is "mountain water law, well-organized, and the soil is auspicious", but it is "hundreds of miles away from my father's Jingling Mausoleum and grandfather's Xiaoling Mausoleum, and I can't bear to do it". It implies that the officials are looking for evidence for their violation of the "son is buried with his father" system. In order to realize Yongzheng's true intention, the ministers who understood the idea held a meeting to discuss and quoted scriptures from numerous historical records to prove that the tombs of fathers and sons of emperors in the past could not be in one place. After the meeting of the nine ministers, the ministers reported: "According to the emperor's century, general annals, and comprehensive examination of various books, the emperors of all dynasties built mausoleums, such as Xia Yu in Kuaiji, Zhejiang, and Xia County in Shanxi after the Qi Dynasty. Shaokang was in Taikang, Henan, more than a thousand miles away from each other... By the time the Han and Tang emperors were all in Shaanxi, the tombs of Emperor Gao, Emperor Wen, Emperor Jing, and Emperor Wu of the Han were located in Xianyang, Chang'an, Gaoling, and Xingping respectively; Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, Taizong, Gaozong, and Xuanzong were also divided into Sanyuan, Liquan, Qianzhou, and Pucheng. They were four to five hundred miles apart, and the nearest ones were two to three hundred miles away. It is hundreds of miles away from Xiaoling and Jingling, but Yizhou and Zunhua are close to the capital, and they live together in Jifu and are adjacent to Shenzhou. "Therefore, the construction of the mausoleum in Yizhou has nothing to do with the ancient system. Disagreement. What's more, the ministers also elevated the selection of the mausoleum site to the height of the future and destiny of the country's prosperity and admonished: "The auspiciousness of the earth's veins is related to the origin of destiny. The blessed area that has been knotted for thousands of miles will open up." After hearing this, Emperor Yongzheng said, "My heart is at peace."

In this way, Yongzheng easily broke the "Zhao-Mu system" that the Manchus followed after entering the customs. Since then, the tombs of emperors of the Qing Dynasty have been divided into the two major mausoleum areas of the east and west, taking the capital as the coordinate.

The most direct evidence against the fact that Yongzheng built the Qingxi Mausoleum in order to save labor is that when the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Kong Yushi reported the procurement situation, Emperor Yongzheng said: "It is better to spend money than save money." In other words, in order to build your own mausoleum, as long as it is done well, you don't have to worry about how much money and food it costs.

And Yongzheng tampered with Kangxi's will. He admired Buddhism and was afraid that his soul would be retaliated by Kangxi after death and did not dare to be buried in Dongling. This is just a wild speculation by future generations, and there is no direct evidence.

The construction of Tailing Mausoleum lasted for eight years from the beginning in 1730 to the completion in 1737. Boats and carts were requisitioned, tens of thousands of vehicles were transported, tens of millions of migrant workers were employed, and the number of deaths was countless. After the completion of Tailing Mausoleum, In order to take into account the prosperity and decline of the East and West Tombs areas, Emperor Qianlong decided to rebuild his mausoleum in the Dongling area. In the 61st year of Qianlong (1796), he stated in an edict: "Because Emperor Si Kao's mausoleum is in the West, I chose the auspicious place for thousands of years and it is close to the imperial examination. Tens of thousands of years later, my descendants will also want to be close to each other and rely on their grandfather. They all choose the auspicious place in the west of Jingjing. However, it will be far away from Xiaoling and Jingling on the east road, which is not enough to express filial piety. And Shen Aimu". In order to prevent descendants from choosing another mausoleum site besides the Eastern and Western Tombs of the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong also rigidly stipulated the "Zhao Burial System" in the edict. In other words, if the father is buried in Dongling, the son will be in Xiling; if the father is buried in Xiling, the son will be in Dongling. However, what Qianlong did not expect was that not even thirty years later, his grandson Emperor Daoguang violated Qianlong's regulations and was buried in Xiling District. Fortunately for Daoguang, this illegal act escaped the warlord Sun Dianying, saving him from the bad luck of robbing the tomb and exposing the body.