General situation of Baohe water conservancy
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, channels were built year after year, and water diversion projects increased year after year. 19 new weir canals19 in 1956, with irrigation area 124 mu. However, the next summer, heavy rains caused disasters, and most of the autumn was washed away by floods. 1033 weir canal (water-bearing restoration project) was built in the spring of 1958. In August, LinYu became a disaster, and 36/kloc-0 weir canal was destroyed by floods. Since then, every year (especially in 1970s), during the slack season, we have made great efforts to build farmland capital, build weirs and canals and improve irrigation conditions. Through gravity irrigation, a comprehensive irrigation system of diversion, lifting and prevention will be gradually established. By 1996, Liuba County had built 7 weirs and canals with an irrigation area of over 200 mu and 43 weirs and canals with an irrigation area of over 10,000 mu. And river management has been carried out one after another. 1996 statistical table of gravity weir canal irrigation over 50 mu in Liuba County Project address Time of water source opening and completion (year and month) Canal length (m) Canal irrigation area (mu) Li Jiayuan Haoba River1971.3 ~ 418557 Jiaba Baohe, Xuewo Road 65438. 3000 80 Tan Xuan Niancaogou 2000 60 Tan Xuan Niancaogou1976 ~1977 2000150 Baiguoshu Baohe 1958 1500 200 Jindongling Baohe1977. .6 500180 Baimiaozi Xihe River1968.11969.3 200 50 Shijiawan Xihe River1979.10 ~/. Kloc-0/20 Xujiayuan 38+0 500 50. Shaba Xigoukou Xigoukou Xigou1960.1~1963 22000 300133 Shaba Second Team Xigou1972. 1 ~ 1982.6 Taibai River 2000 138 Jiangxi Camp Yizuzanhe1958.12 ~1959.12 3960 540. Jiangkou Foeryan 183 Taibai River1958.1~1959.124850150 320 Xujia, Shiyazi Hongyan River, Hexi, Gansu, China. 20 Dongfanghong Group IV Haoba River 4000 163 Xiaojiayuan Haoba River 3700 2 10 Niangniangmiao Wufangzi River 2500 104
What are the main dams and Bao Hui Canal in Hantai District?
I. He Shan Dam
In ancient times, there was a large-scale water diversion project, which diverted the closure of Baohe River and irrigated farmland on both sides. The remake of Hanzhong Prefecture records that "He Shan Dam has extensive irrigation", which is said to be "built by Xiao He, the prime minister of Han Dynasty, and made by Cao Can". From the early Han Dynasty to 1942 (3 1 year in the Republic of China), most farmland in this city was irrigated by this weir. According to Shaanxi Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the He Shan Dam is dominated by "huge stones, supplemented by locked stones, and long trees and piles". This kind of river closure project, which is piled with stones and fixed with wooden stakes, has a simple structure and is difficult to resist flood erosion. Therefore, the people in the irrigation area have to repair and strengthen the big weir almost every year. General maintenance is undertaken by the beneficiary farmers, and major maintenance or reconstruction is supported by the local government. Because of the important position of He Shan Dam in agriculture and military affairs, people of insight in past dynasties, such as Zhuge Liang, Wu Lin, Wu Jun, Wu Gong, Mao Yan and Yan Ruyu, have renovated or renovated it, which has played an important role in developing agricultural economy and winning wars.
During the Han and Tang Dynasties, six weirs were built in the Baohe reach below Jitouguan to draw water from the east and west banks. After the Southern Song Dynasty, except for the second weir and the third weir, the other four weirs were abandoned one after another, and only the east bank of Baohe River had irrigation canals. By 1939 (28 years of the Republic of China), there were three weirs in Baohe River, namely, the second weir, the third weir and the fourth weir.
Second, the commendatory canal
1934 (in 23 years of the Republic of China), when Li Yizhi, director of Shaanxi water conservancy, inspected the water conservancy in southern Shaanxi, he put forward a plan to rebuild the water diversion project of Baohe River, but it took a long time to decide. 1937, the people of Nanzheng, Baocheng and Chenggu petitioned many times before deciding to build the Bao Hui Canal. Shaanxi Water Resources Survey and Design Team conducted preliminary survey and design in 1938, and re-measured in 1939. Baohui District Engineering Office was established in September. 1940 started construction in winter. The project is divided into two phases. In the first phase, the main canal will be opened and the mortar masonry roller dam will be built, with a length of135.3m and a width of 8.55m.. The first section of Shensha Trough is 443 meters long, and its head is protected by masonry, with a total length of 12 12 meters. The main canal starts from the head of the canal, passes through Hedong Dian, Zongying, Lizigou, Fujiamiao, Shizigou and Honggou River, and enters the ancient Wenchuan River, with a total length of 32.3 kilometers and a territory of 28.8 kilometers. There are 3 branch canals and 46 branch canals under the main canal, with a total length of 6 1.6 km. 1942 In March, the canal was completed and tested, and it was opened in June. In that year, 84,000 mu of farmland was irrigated. The second phase of the project has been rebuilt and strengthened, some buildings have been repaired, and 1946 has been completed. Two-phase construction * * * repaired more than 800 buildings, with workers1150,000 people, earthwork 1.26 million cubic meters and masonry of 20,000 cubic meters, with a total investment of 4.09 million yuan. With the improvement of the project year by year, the irrigation area has been expanded to 127400 mu by 1949.
After liberation, the Bao Hui Canal was completely restored. After years of maintenance and improvement, the benefit of Bao Hui Canal has been continuously improved, and the diversion flow of the canal has increased from 1949 to 2 1.5 second cubic meter. In order to regulate the irrigation water quantity, six reservoirs such as Baliqiao, Shizigou and Huangbayan 16 and 42 pumping stations such as Yuan Shang, Wuxiangsi and Dongfanghong have been built one after another, basically forming an irrigation network combining "diversion, storage and lifting". The irrigation area of Bao Hui Canal in China increased from 65,438+65,438 in 0949 to197. Because the main canal first lived in the south of Shimen reservoir hub, it was renamed as the south main canal of Shimen reservoir and managed by Shimen bureau.
Three. Shimen irrigation area
Shimen irrigation area is divided into south main canal and east main canal.
South main canal South main canal was originally a reward canal. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), construction started in June of 5438+00, and the earth canal was built by Baocheng, Nanzheng and Chenggu counties. Chenggu section was started in the 30th year of the Republic of China (194 1) 1, and was completed in the 30th year of the Republic of China (1)1,with 278,000 working days for migrant workers, accounting for 465,438. Main canal drainage in June 1 (1942) year1day. The head of the canal enters the 5-hole sluice, and the diversion flow is15m3/s. The main canal crosses the Honggou and enters Cuijiashan Town of this county, with a total length of 32.2km, including 3.5km in this county, with a flow of 2.0m3/s.. The whole canal irrigated 6,543,804 mu of farmland, including 25,000 mu of farmland in this county.
195 1, expansion and reconstruction, renovation of weir body, expansion of main canal and extension of channel. The design flow at the head of the canal is increased to 2 1.38 cubic meters per second. Adjust irrigation canal system, open 17 bucket, length10.62km.. 1958 to 1965, Duanjiagou and Sanchagou reservoirs were built by culvert filling, the main canal was extended by 4.34 kilometers, and Qiushanwan reservoir was built at the end of the canal. The total irrigation area of the whole canal was expanded from127,000 mu to 2160,000 mu, of which 565,438 were irrigated in this county. After the east main canal of Shimen Reservoir 1976 was flooded, the irrigation area was adjusted. 20,000 mu of cultivated land north of Bao Hui Canal was designated as the water for the east main canal, and Bao Hui Canal was renamed as the south main canal of Shimen Reservoir, with an irrigation area of195,000 mu, including 31kloc-0/10,000 mu in this county.
Driven by the policy of "focusing on water storage, focusing on small-scale water storage and focusing on self-management by the masses", the South Main Canal has built or rebuilt three bucket canals, three main wells and 10 pumping stations with an installed capacity of 142 kW. There are five bucket canals in the south main canal, with a length of 26. 154 km. There are 205 aqueducts with the length of 124.98km, of which the lining is1.7km; There are 804 buildings of various types, such as buckets, branches and aqueducts. There are 4 reservoirs in the irrigation area, with a normal storage capacity of 6.5438+887 million cubic meters; There are 23 reservoirs with a storage capacity of 20 1.3 million cubic meters.
1962, Liulin commune treated low-lying and waterlogged land, expanded and repaired drainage ditches 1 1 km, added two drainage branches 12, and repaired 2 1 building, making it 6026 mu. At present, the irrigation system combining storage, pumping and lifting has been formed in the irrigation area of Nanganqu County, with an effective irrigation area of 3 1 10000 mu.
The east main canal of Shimen Reservoir started in June 1969 1 1. The channel engineering headquarters was set up in the district and the command post was set up in the county, and 4,000 migrant workers were transferred from Longtou, Wen Chuan, Orange Garden, Nanle District and Chengguan Town. It took five years, and the county road section from 65438 to 0974 was basically completed. The main canal winds along the left bank of Baohe River, from Hedong branch to the east, bypassing the eastern hillside, and from Li Jiaying to Chenggu section. Crossing the ravine and ridge, crossing the Shaanxi-Flying Factory, crossing the Wenchuan River from Qianshan Reservoir Dam in the south, crossing Chen Jiawan in the east, and crossing Funiu Mountain to meet the military and civilian reservoir, with a total length of 39.6 kilometers, including county section 18.6438+0 kilometers. A total of 2 tunnels were drilled in the whole canal/kloc-0, with a total length of1573m; Two large aqueducts with a span of 767 meters; 35 Ming Han, 2292 meters long; Complete 1 16 bridges, dams and gates. * * * excavated 6,543,800 cubic meters of earthwork, 64,000 cubic meters of masonry and 660 cubic meters of concrete, * * * employed 2,760,000 workers and invested 5,384,400 yuan in materials. The designed discharge at the head of the canal is 30 m3/s, which gradually decreases. The flow into the county is 8 m3/s, and the flow at the tail of the canal is reduced to 3.4m3/s. There are three branch canals (6, 7 and 8) and Hongqi Canal in China. There are 83 1 main and branch canals, including 0/65 in this county, which can irrigate 90,000 mu of farmland in this county. 1972 started irrigation. 1974 The county benefited from an area of 50,000 mu, including 20,000 mu of extended irrigation.
1972, the construction of irrigation area and the east main canal started at the same time. The irrigation of four branch canals (except eight branch canals) was all expanded from the old canal, and the state subsidized 207,000 yuan, and all the materials were turned over to the society. The original Hongqi Canal and the main canal of Qianshan Mountain were merged into the east main canal system. Qianshan, Shuangling, Hanjiatang, Lijiagou, Yaoshuling, Mukoukou, Junmin, Xinqiao, Shangjinggou, Xiajinggou, Yimutan, Li Jiawan, Orange Forest and other 17 reservoirs, with a total storage capacity of18.6 million cubic meters; There are 342 reservoirs with a storage capacity of 2.7 million cubic meters, which are brought into the East Main Canal system for regulation. 1982, there were four pumping stations 14 in the county, with an installed capacity of182kw; Trench 16, 54.35km long; Branch and approach canals 150, 255.69 kilometers long; There are 349 buildings of various types, such as dikes, branches and aqueducts, initially forming an irrigation network combining storage, diversion and lifting. 1987 The effective irrigation area is 53,600 mu. From 1988 to 1990, the state invested 744,000 yuan to tap the potential to improve the canal system and transform buildings. Farmland capital construction was carried out in the irrigation area, with an effective irrigation area of 72,400 mu. The main flood control projects in Baohe reach of Liuba County are:
From 1950 to 1996, the project of the chengguan section of the North Station River has been managed for many years, with a total investment of150,000. Water storage dam 1 set, 4 diversion canals, 3000m long, 7.54km dike, 65438 earth and stone works.
In the Hexi section of Baohe River Estuary Project, the flood control dike built in 1975 is 3 126 m long, including dry masonry dike 1226 m and protective farmland 45 1 mu. After 198 1 year, the flood dike will be continuously strengthened. 1994 replace the original dry masonry dike with cement slurry.
Baohe military attache reach project, 1976 dredging river course 1000 m, excavating 370,000 cubic meters of silt in the center of main river course; Masonry embankment197860m3, with 330,000 workers and an investment of 654,380+0.8 million yuan.
In the Wozi section of Baohe River 1984, the river bank 1000m was built, all of which were reinforced with mortar masonry, with an investment of 15000 yuan, which not only ensured the smooth flow of Sichuan-Shaanxi highway, but also protected the safety of Jiangwozi market town.
In the Tiefodian section of Baohe River,1981August, the flood destroyed Tiefodian village section of Bao Han Highway and flooded two villagers' groups in Shang Jie street. 1982, Tiefodian Township cooperated with county highway management section to build highway embankment, and villagers prepared stone. 1983, a 2 km long, 7 m high and 1 m thick stone dike was built from Wuguanhe to Tiefodian village, with a total investment of 600,000 yuan. It not only reinforced roads, but also repaired villages, ensuring the safety of more than 500 residents in township units and township locations, and repaired 65,438+005 mu of farmland.
The Baoqiao Post Project of Baohe River, 1970 ~ 1996, 15 times, renovated the flood control embankment of Qingqiao Post for 2 kilometers, with a height of 1 1 m, a thickness of 1.5 m and a masonry embankment of 390,000 square meters. Ensure that the bridges on the 3 1 6 national highway are unblocked, and ensure the safety of local organs, units and residents in Qingqiaoyi Township.
1978 Zheliyuan Township Project along the Hongyanhe River, with 820m flood dike built, 30,000 workers invested, investment of137,000 yuan, 4,200 mu of cultivated land protected and 100 mu of reclaimed land.