Qinling Mountain is a wetland ecosystem.
1. Qinling Mountain is the most typical alpine wetland ecosystem. Wetland ecosystem not only includes the mountainous area in the south of Shaanxi Province, located between Weihe River and Hanjiang River, but also borders Bahe River and Danjiang River Basin in the east and Jialing River in the west. It is an east-west mountain range across central China, including the Qinling Mountains. It starts from Baishi Mountain in the north of Lintan County, Gansu Province in the west, and Maiji Mountain in the south of Tianshui in the east longitude enters Shaanxi. At the junction of Shaanxi and Henan, it is divided into three branches, the northern branch is Xiaoshan, and the remaining veins extend eastward along the south bank of the Yellow River, commonly known as Mangshan; The middle branch is Xiong 'er Mountain; The south branch is Funiu Mountain. The most representative mountain wetland scenic spot in China Qinling is located in Bamu Village, Chengguan Town, ningshan county, with an area of 1.35 square kilometers. It is an original ecological mountain wetland scenic spot such as wild begonia and wetland willow in Shaanxi. There are 1 1 national wetland parks in Shaanxi province, ranking first in the country.
2. The Qinling wetland ecosystem is about 65,438+0,600 kilometers long, which is the watershed between Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, and Jialing River and Hanshui River, a tributary of the Yangtze River. Because the temperature, climate and topography in the north and south of Qinling Mountain show different changes, the Qinling-Huaihe River line has become the most important geographical dividing line between the north and the south of China and the largest wetland ecosystem that affects the ecological environment in the northwest.
1, Weihe River: the largest first-class tributary of the Yellow River, which originates from Niaoshushan, Weiyuan County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, mainly flows through Tianshui, Gansu Province, Baoji, xianyang, Xi and Weinan in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, and joins the Yellow River in Tongguan County, Weinan City.
2. Hanjiang River: the largest first-class tributary of the Yangtze River. At the source, Shui Yang's name flows through Mianxian (now Mianxian), which is called Mianshui. Flowing eastward to Hanzhong, it is called Hanshui River. From Ankang to Danjiangkou, it was called Canglang Water in ancient times. Xiangyang is nicknamed Xiangjiang River and Xiangshui below.
3. Jialing River: Daiwang Mountain in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province, originated in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. The main stream flows through Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan and Chongqing, and joins the Yangtze River at Chaotianmen in Chongqing.
4. Luohe: the longest river in Shaanxi Province. It originated in Cao Liang at the southern foot of Bai Yushan, flowed into Weihe River from northwest to southeast, and flowed through the Loess Plateau and Guanzhong Plain.
3. In the Qinling wetland ecosystem, there are rare wild animals such as giant panda, golden monkey and pronghorn, and birds such as crested ibis and black stork, which are protected at the national level. In the Qinling Mountains, there are countless mammals, such as gazelle, impala, wild boar, black bear, forest musk deer, muntjac, hedgehog, bamboo rat, squirrel, squirrel, and the most abundant pheasant flock in the world. There are great differences in animals between the north and the south of Qinling Mountains. There are 23 species with Qinling as the northern boundary, accounting for 42% of the total number of mammals. Among the mammals south of Qinling Mountains, there are many elements in the south, such as Fahrenheit chrysanthemum bat, golden monkey, giant panda, pig badger, civet cat, civet cat, clouded leopard, antelope, Sumen antelope and porcupine. However, there are only 8 species of mammals distributed in the north of Qinling Mountains, accounting for 65,438+00% of the total number of mammals, mainly including white-legged bats and squirrels.
Fourthly, the Qinling wetland ecosystem is rich in plant resources. Known as the "North-South Plant and North-South Biological Species Bank". There are many specialties, including walnuts, persimmons, chestnuts, fungus, walnuts, chestnuts and persimmons, ranking first in the province, and the output of walnuts accounts for one-sixth of the country; It is also a famous "natural medicine storehouse" in China. There are about 70 families, 2 10 genera 1000 species of angiosperms in Qinling Mountains, among which evergreen broad-leaved woody plants account for 38 families, 70 genera 177 species. Except for a few species, all of them grow on the south slope, while there are only 46 species of 2 1 genus on the north slope. There are119 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, and 286 kinds are listed in the national Chinese herbal medicine resources questionnaire. Subtropical symbolic plants such as citrus, tea, tung tree, loquat and bamboo can grow well in the south of Qinling Mountains, while citrus is extinct in the north of Qinling Mountains, but it is rich in temperate fruits such as apples and pears.
The biodiversity of Qinling wetland ecosystem is outstanding, forming a complete and excellent ecological chain, which plays an important role in regulating the ecological balance of nature.