The background of the formation of British responsible cabinet

1. brief background: let's talk about 1688 "glorious revolution" of bloodless palace coup: through the revolution, Britain established a new political system (representing the interests of British new noble and the bourgeoisie), constitutional monarchy (that is, limiting kingship by the constitution) 1689, which was adopted by the British Parliament, marking the formalization of this political system. The establishment of the responsible cabinet system in Britain originated from the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Privy Council during the Tudor Dynasty. (The Privy Council is the expansion product of absolute monarchy and the highest administrative organ to strengthen absolute monarchy). At that time, King George I of England (unified but dead) no longer attended cabinet meetings. Under the auspices of the majority leader of the House of Commons (walpole, a famous political activist at that time), Whigs and Tories competed for power. (Whig Party wins) 172 1, Whig Party leader walpole became the first prime minister. Finally perfect:1From the late 8th century to the first half of the 9th century, the responsible cabinet system was further improved.

References:

/question/49023145.html2. Representative system is the British political system, which is direct democracy and indirect democracy.

First of all, the concept of democracy refers to the political form in which citizens directly exercise power. It can be said that the so-called democracy originally refers to direct.

Democracy. The ancient Greek and Roman city-states where democracy originated practiced direct democracy. In Greece, the polis is a citizen.

Autonomous groups. The city-state is small in scale, and citizens are a narrow privileged group among the residents of the city-state. Individual citizen

Attend the citizens' assembly (ecclesia) and the jury court, and master the supreme power of the state (city-state). Aristotle to the public.

The definition of people is "people who must participate in judicial affairs and power institutions" [ZW (] Aristotle: "Politics"

Research, Commercial Press, 198 1 year, p.11. ZW means the right to participate in the citizens' assembly and jury law.

People in court. In the heyday of democracy in Athens, not only the legislative power and judicial power were directly exercised by citizens, but even the executive power was not in charge.

In the hands of professional officials, it is ruled by citizens according to Aristotle's principle of "rule by turns". In Berwick.

In Athens, with a few exceptions (generals and financial officials), public officials are all elected by lot, and some are rotated by day.

Although Rome is not a typical direct democracy, the Senate and senior officials hold enormous power, and the people's congress is far from it.

The overwhelming power of the Greek city-state citizens' assembly. But the Rome Committee is not a representative body.

It is an institution where citizens directly exercise their power. The People's Congress adopts a two-level voting system, that is, curia citizens come first and 100 people.

Team or tribe (tribe) to vote, and then vote according to the above groups. But unlike representative democracy, citizens

The children did not entrust the power to the representative, but went to a specific meeting place in Rome in person to exercise their power directly. When Roman countries

The Romans still adopted this form of democracy when the scale had expanded to a very large scale. The imagination of the ancients seems to be beyond.

The more this "in person" way to exercise power.