Introduction to the history of Anqing City, Anhui Province
1. Origin of the name
More than 2,000 years ago, Anqing was the seat of the ancient Anhui state, and the abbreviation of Anhui as "Wan" came from this. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Anqing's jurisdiction belonged to Yangzhou. The name "Anqing" began in the 17th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1147), which means "peaceful Anqing". Guo Pu, a poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, said "This place is Yicheng", so it is also called "Yicheng".
2. Historical evolution
The Anqing area belongs to the edge zone of Qingliangang Culture and Yangshao Culture. Since the 1970s, more than 20 ancient cultural sites have been discovered in the territory. Numerous unearthed cultural relics prove that our ancestors have lived on this land for 100,000 years and created a brilliant human civilization. From ancient times to the time when Emperor Qin Shihuang unified the country, numerous clan states and feudal vassal states in the Western Zhou Dynasty had been established in the Anqing area today. No unified administrative region has been formed. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Western Zhou Dynasty was the Pingpan royal family, which successively entrusted Wanbo Kingdom, Zongzi Kingdom and Tongzi Kingdom.
After Qin Shihuang unified the world, Anhui in the Qin Dynasty roughly involved 7 counties. At that time, several ancient countries in the current Anqing city were eliminated, and small towns were also disintegrated. No county was formed, but the vast area The area belongs to Jiujiang County. When the Chu and Han Dynasties were fighting, the territory belonged to the Hengshan Kingdom. The Western Han Dynasty belonged to the Huainan Kingdom, the Hengshan Kingdom, the Songzi Kingdom, and the Lujiang County of Yangzhou. In the last year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (313), Wan County was abolished, and in the Yixi period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (405-418), Jinxi County and Huaining County were established on the old site of Wan County, forming a system in which counties and counties co-governed the former Wancheng City and today's Qianshan County.
In the fourth year of Wude (621) of Tang Dynasty, Tong'an County was renamed Shuzhou. In the ninth year of Wude (621), Tong'an County was renamed Dong'an Prefecture, and soon it was changed to Shuzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Tong'an County was renamed, and in the second year of De De (757) ) was changed to Shengtang County, and in the second year of Qianyuan (759) it was renamed Shuzhou. Although the name has been changed, its administrative structure and the administrative structures of Huaining, Tongcheng, Taihu, Susong, and Wangjiang counties have remained unchanged.
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, it belonged to Shuzhou Tong'an County. In the fifth year of Zhenghe (1115), the Shuzhou Deqing Army was established. In the 17th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1147), the Shuzhou Anqing Army was established. In the first year of Qingyuan (1195), Anqing Prefecture was built. Huaining, Tongcheng, Taihu, Susong, and Wangjiang under the original jurisdiction of Shuzhou became five counties under the jurisdiction of the prefecture. In the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty (1277), Anqing Prefecture was changed to Anqing Road, which also included the above five counties. In the third year of Zhizhi (1323), Anqing Road led the counties to six counties, which was the initial establishment of "Anqing Liuyi". Both the Ming and Qing dynasties established a government system, and Anqing Prefecture controlled 6 counties until the fall of the Qing Dynasty and the end of it.
During the Republic of China, Anqing was governed as a city at the provincial, provincial, and county levels. Anqing City was established on November 25, the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), with jurisdiction over the North City and South City on both sides of the Yangtze River (today's Dadukou County in the east). In November of the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947), the Western Anhui Administrative Office of the Communist Party of China was established in the liberated area. It has three special offices under its jurisdiction, of which the first and second special offices are both located in Anqing. The First Patriotic and Democratic Administrative Commissioner's Office in western Anhui has jurisdiction over Yuexi, Taihu, Qianshan, Susong, Qianhuai and other areas, and is based in Taihu County; the Second Patriotic and Democratic Administrative Commissioner's Office in western Anhui has jurisdiction over Tongcheng, Shucheng, Qianbei and Huaihai. The eastern part of Ningxia is located in Tongcheng County.
In March 1949, the Western Anhui Division Committee and the Western Anhui Administrative Office of the Communist Party of China presided over the establishment of the Anqing Provisional People's Government. On April 24, the Anqing Municipal People's Government was officially established. In September, the agency merged with the municipal government and retained the name of Anqing City. On October 10, the city establishment was canceled and placed under Huaining County. On October 25, 1950, the establishment of Anqing City was restored and it was a municipality directly under the Central Government of Anqing. In August 1951, with the approval of the Government Affairs Council of the Central People's Government, Anqing City was changed to a municipality directly under the Central Government of Wannabe Administrative Office, which was temporarily managed by the Administrative Office. In September of the following year, Anqing City was changed to a municipality directly under the Central Government of Anhui Province. It was a city under exclusive jurisdiction in 1958, a city under provincial jurisdiction in 1961, a city under exclusive jurisdiction in 1965, and a city under provincial jurisdiction in 1979. In September 1988, Anqing Prefecture and the original Anqing City were abolished, and a new Anqing City was established, implementing municipal leadership. county.
3. History and Culture
Anqing has many natural and cultural landscapes. There are Yingjiang Temple, Zhenfeng Tower, Chen Duxiu Tomb, Dahu and Dalong Mountain Scenic Areas in the urban area; the counties under its jurisdiction include Tianzhu Mountain, Xiaogu Mountain, Sikong Mountain, Huating Lake, Gulei Pond, Peacock Terrace, Confucian Temple, etc. There are 28 sites listed as key cultural relics under provincial protection, including the Zhangsidun Neolithic Site, the Zhenfeng Tower of Yingjiang Temple, and the former site of the Xiong Chengji Uprising Meeting.
The Zhenfeng Tower, built in the fourth year of Longqing's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1570), is known as the "No. 1 Tower on the Yangtze River". Tianzhu Mountain, located in Qianshan County, was called Nanyue in ancient times and is a national-level key scenic spot. Anqing has prosperous education and culture. In the 24th year of Guangxu's reign (1898), Deng Huaxi, governor of Anhui, founded Qiushi School in Anqing. In 1912, Anhui Provincial University was officially established and became the first library in Anhui Province. More than 100 kinds of newspapers have appeared in Anqing's history. During the Revolution of 1911, there were more than a dozen democratic newspapers and periodicals such as "Anhui Common Words" edited by Chen Duxiu, as well as various revolutionary and progressive newspapers and periodicals such as "Lingming Weekly" and "New Construction". Anqing has produced numerous talents throughout the ages. Chen Duxiu, the early leader of the Communist Party of China, was born in the "Back Camp" at the north gate of Anqing City and is now buried in a forest farm in the northern suburbs of the city. The famous painter Li Gonglin, who is regarded as the "number one in Song Dynasty painting", the Ming Dynasty scientist Zuo Guangdou, the Ming Dynasty champion Liu Ruozai, the Ming Dynasty scholar Fang Yizhi, the Qing Dynasty calligrapher and seal engraver Deng Shiru, and the famous "Tongcheng School" literary representative writer Fang in the Chinese literary world. Bao, Liu Dakui, Yao Nai, Dai Mingshi, the originator of Peking Opera Cheng Changgeng, the famous modern novelist Zhang Henshui, the famous esthetician Shi Guangqian, the famous Huangmei Opera performing artist Yan Fengying, the outstanding scientist "two bombs hero" Deng Jiaxian, the outstanding diplomat Huang Town, they were all born and grew up in Anqing. Mao Zedong inspected Anqing twice, and Chen Yi, Hu Yaobang and others also visited Anqing.
Anqing is one of the earliest cities where modern civilization entered Anhui. In 1902, the "Sino-British Renewal of Trade and Shipping Treaty" opened Anqing as a treaty port. In the 1930s, Anqing, together with Wuhu, Bengbu and Tunxi, was known as one of Anhui's "four major markets". At that time, there were dozens of foreign firms and companies and more than 1,000 shops. It was a large-scale commercial city. Anqing's industry started in 1861. The Anqing Ordnance Institute founded that year was the earliest modern machinery industry in the country. The following year, it built my country's first steam engine and first motor ship. Anqing was the first to establish a post office (1875), a telegraph office (1875), a power plant (1907) and a water plant (1910) in Anhui. In the more than ten years after the Anti-Japanese War, Anqing's national industry tended to wither and its economy declined day by day. In 1949, the total industrial output value was 2.219 million yuan.
IV. Current administrative divisions
Anqing City is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, at 115°46′-117°44′ east longitude and 29°47′-31°17 north latitude. '. The Yangtze River coastline is 243 kilometers. Anqing is the thoroughfare and important commercial and trade center for the three provinces of Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi. It is a famous historical and cultural city in Anhui Province and one of the key cities for the development of the Wanjiang River in Anhui Province. The city's land area is 15,400 square kilometers, including 574 square kilometers in the urban area. It currently governs 8 counties including Huaining, Tongcheng, Songyang, Qianshan, Taihu, Susong, Wangjiang and Yuexi and 3 districts of Yingjiang, Daguan and Suburban.