How to cultivate potted Chinese rose flowers

1). Preparation before receiving roses.

Compile 1. Site selection: Plant in a sunny, leeward and ventilated place, get continuous direct sunlight during the day, and quickly dry the leaves soaked by dew to reduce the occurrence of diseases. 2. Soil: Choose light cohesive soil with good air permeability, smooth drainage, fertility, rich humus and no pests and diseases. The PH value of the soil is 6-6.8. 3. Disinfection: (1) steam disinfection. Most pathogenic organisms, soil pests and weed seeds will die after being treated at 72℃ for half an hour. The effect is good, but the cost is high and it is not suitable for large-scale disinfection. (2) chemical disinfection. Generally, volatile fumigants such as formaldehyde, trichloronitromethane, bromomethane and cyanobenzene copper are used for chemical fumigation and disinfection, and the effect is good. Pay attention to the following points when using: a, the soil temperature should be at least above 15.5C to facilitate the volatilization of fumigant; B, the size of soil particles is uniform, and the particle size is less than 3cm; C, the soil thickness should not exceed 30 cm, which is conducive to uniform disinfection; D, the treated soil must be exposed to the air for more than 3 weeks, so that the disinfection gas is completely emitted. 4. Border-making: It is required to put the disinfected soil in a V-shaped trough separated by asbestos tiles, with a thickness of 20-25 cm, which can prevent the invasion of germs and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and water.

(2) Treatment after receiving roses, key points of planting technology, matters needing attention, and how to improve the survival rate of roses.

After buying the rose, bury the root in the shade with sand, spray some water every day, and plant it after the new root (white) grows. 100% survives. Newly bought roses, in order to recover the water lost from branches and improve the survival rate, soak their roots in water. This method can be used in spring, summer and autumn, but not necessarily in winter. Rose is a strong positive plant, and strengthening sunshine and ventilation is the key to solve the problem.

Planting method: when planting, fix the plant with one hand and put it in the right direction and posture, and put the soil into the hole with the other hand. After the roots are covered with soil, gently lift the plants to make the soil sink, the roots expand, compact the soil, water it, and fill it again, but it is not necessary to compact it, which is beneficial to ventilation. 2. Planting requirements: Newly planted plants should be pruned, generally leaving the height of 4~5 buds, and pruning old, thin and injured roots and branches. The planting depth depends on whether there is mulch or not. If there is a cover, plant it shallowly. Generally, the interface is required to be 5 cm from the ground, and the plastic film is just below the interface. If it is not covered, plant it deeper, but the interface must be on the soil to prevent the interface from rotting after encountering water; The planting density is generally 30×30 cm, and too dense will affect the growth quality of a single plant.

It is difficult to raise potted flowers. Mixing soil is very important, and watering is also learned. It should not be done, but should be poured thoroughly, without leakage and treated differently. The selection of water, soil, fertilizer, light, temperature and air duct should be considered. With these eight words, everyone can become a master of flower cultivation.

(3) Because some members have limited space, they are generally planted on balconies. Most of them are potted plants What are the technical points of potted plants? .

Potting technique of roses

Roses are best planted underground, but due to the limitation of living conditions, urban residents have to use potted plants to meet the needs of appreciating roses. Chinese rose flowers are confined in flowerpots, so they need some special care and management. The main points of potted rose are briefly described as follows:

1, variety selection

Hybrid perfume rose should choose varieties with many flowers, short shape and close growth, and the flower type and color can be selected according to personal preference; Potted roses with rich flowers should choose varieties with less vigorous growth and shorter growth; Miss Sister and miniature roses are ideal varieties for potted plants, and varieties with beautiful flowers and elegant colors should be chosen.

2. Types of flowerpots

It is advisable to choose a beautiful porcelain basin or plastic basin with a diameter of 30cm and a height of 30cm, and a miniature rose basin with a diameter of 20 ~ 26cm.

3. Potted soil

Mix three parts of humus or fertile loam with one part of high-quality decomposed manure and an appropriate amount of ordinary calcium superphosphate to disinfect those that may carry pests and diseases.

4. Potting and planting

Cover the drainage holes with tiles and stones to facilitate drainage. Fill in the mixed soil of 1/3 ~ 1/4 first, hold the plant by hand, and gradually fill in the mixed soil. Grasp the grafting position higher than the pot edge, and fill the soil while pressing. The soil layer is about 2 ~ 3 cm away from the basin edge.

Move the shade, gently water with a water ladle or water pipe to avoid turning over the soil, and water continuously for 3 ~ 4 days until the soil in the basin is completely soaked and the drainage holes are unblocked, and then reduce the watering times according to the situation. If a large number of potted plants are sunny after planting, use a sunshade net or other means to shade them.

5. Post-planting management

As soon as the new one appears, put the basin in a sunny place and receive at least 6 hours of light every day. Remove the fallen leaves, weeds and all kinds of rubbish around, and keep the environment clean.

Watering: water regularly according to climatic conditions, and insert your fingers into the topsoil for 2 ~ 3 cm. If the soil touches your hands, you don't need to water it, otherwise you need to water it. Generally, water should be watered once every 2-3 days, once a day in the dry season of summer or autumn, or twice a day, usually in the afternoon or dusk.

Fertilization: When the new branches grow to about 65,438+00 cm and there are many leaves, sprinkle a thin layer of manure or activated sludge. After watering, if it doesn't grow vigorously, after two weeks, sprinkle 65,438 0 grams of urea on each pot, water it, or topdress it with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

After the first flowering, sprinkle 25g oil cake powder in each pot, loosen the soil, and water every two weeks. Top dressing outside the roots should use two thousandths of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and soap tablets (diffusion agent), and do not spray fertilizer when flowering.

Rotating basin: rotate the basin position once every two weeks, half a turn at a time.

Always remove roots and tillers, and use branchlets to remove dirt and silt from drainage holes. For example, if the stem is thin, it should be supported to avoid being broken by the wind. Cut off the flowers at any time.

Check pests and diseases frequently, and prevent them in time, keep the environment clean at any time, keep the sun full and have good ventilation.

We should strengthen the management of single plants with poor growth. If there are symptoms of trace element deficiency (see greenhouse cultivation), timely and targeted treatment should be taken, such as the main veins of leaves are dark green and yellow and white, which may lead to poor drainage and hypoxia. Drainage holes should be cleaned, watering should be stopped, or deep tillage should be adopted, and mature leaves suddenly turn yellow and fall off, which may be due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer or insufficient watering in summer, and the pot is too hot. So use a lot of water to wash fertilizer or cool down.

6. Summer management

In order to avoid sun exposure, it is best to move potted flowers to a cool place and water them regularly to avoid withering, sometimes watering them twice in the morning and evening, especially the potted roses on the roof and balcony, when the new leaves are drooping, that is, watering them in time, spraying branches and leaves and the surrounding environment, reducing the temperature and increasing the air humidity; Be thin and fat; It can cover basin soil, reduce soil temperature and reduce evaporation.

In late summer and early autumn, apply 20 ~ 60g of oil cake powder or cake crumbs to each pot, commonly use peanut or rapeseed cake, apply fertilizer along the pot edge, combine with deep ploughing, mix the fertilizer into the middle layer as much as possible, and water it in time after fertilization, which can improve the permeability of the middle and lower layers of soil, increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, and be beneficial to vigorous growth and flowering in autumn; Deep intertillage should not be close to the main stem, which will hurt the main root.

7. Winter management

Near winter, trim roses with sharp branch scissors. First cut off the old, weak, sick, withered and dense branches, and then prune them according to the rose category. For young ladies, miniature and vine roses, cut off the upper branches of 2-3 cm, vine roses cut off the weak branches at the base, and rich roses cut off the branches with long flower clusters. Hybrid tea-scented roses need a little pruning. Choose healthy branches and cut off half of them, and cut off 0.5cm above the sprouting.

Spray after pruning to prevent pests and diseases. After pruning, apply organic fertilizer, manure and oil cake powder. The manure fills the basin edge for 2-3 cm and cultivates it near the topsoil.

In northern China, in winter, according to the situation, it is advisable to move the rose indoors, put it in a shelter from the wind and cold, or enter the cellar, or bury it in the soil for the winter to ensure that the pot soil is not frozen in winter.

8. Change the pot

Change the pot every 1 ~ 3 years. Before changing pots, keep the soil dry so as to get out of pots, cut off old, weak, sick and withered roots, and cut off some old soil around the root ball with pointed bamboo pieces to facilitate new roots; According to the plant size, consider whether to change to a bigger pot, and at the same time apply decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and add a certain amount of fertile nutrient soil when putting it into the pot. Compacting the soil layer by layer by hand, watering after changing pots to keep the soil moist. You can also apply dilute liquid fertilizer. Because the sunshine is not strong in winter and spring, there is no need for shading, so it should be placed in the leeward and sunny place. It is advisable to change pots in early spring before new roots and buds sprout.

In addition: there is no problem with planting vines in flowerpots, and the pots should be bigger. Someone raised more than 300 pots on the top of the bungalow, and the flowers bloomed well. Sunlight is very important, so is ventilation.

(4) Management after the survival of Chinese rose planting.

Cultivation management 1, topdressing: balanced fertilizer should be used during the growth of rose, that is, it should not grow too slowly or grow in vain. According to the growth law of roses, topdressing is mainly carried out before flowering in May, after flowering at the end of June, and before flowering again in June at 5438+ 10. Organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer can be used, mainly quick-acting fertilizer. You can also often apply thin fertilizer, usually once every half month, to truly achieve uniform fertility. From mid-July to mid-August and from 5438+00 to winter in June, topdressing is not suitable to avoid cold and heat damage to new shoots. 2. Irrigation: The root soil of Chinese rose should be kept moist, but it should not be too humid, otherwise it will affect the root development due to poor ventilation. The number and time of watering should be flexibly controlled according to the weather conditions. The best time to water is early morning, because at this time, the leaves can be dried in time to prevent the occurrence of black spot disease. In hot summer, water should be watered at dusk in the afternoon to reduce the evaporation of water on the soil surface. After watering, the soil will harden, so loosen the soil in time and weed at the same time.

Pruned and pitted roses are a vibrant flower variety. In order to grow better, pruning and coring must be done well. 1, pruning range: removing dead branches and old branches; Remove redundant stems and branches; Remove diseased branches, injured branches and stems and branches with no hope of normal growth; Control growth; Control the number of flowers and the opening time. 2. Pruning degree: Pruning degree can be divided into high pruning (leave 15-20 buds), medium pruning (leave 6-8 buds) and low pruning (leave 2-3 buds). Generally speaking, high shear growth potential is good, and low shear growth potential is poor. 3. Trimming technology: the cutter should be clean and sharp, which can speed up trimming and promote incision healing; The trimming incision should be 0.5 cm above the axillary bud, with an inclination angle of 30 degrees to the opposite direction of bud growth, not too far or too close, otherwise the stump will die and shrink, the bud will be damaged and die, and the new branch will be broken by the wind. 4. Pruning time: according to the time required for cutting flowers, it is generally pruned 6-8 weeks in advance and forced to sleep for one week. If you want National Day flowers, you should prune them at the end of July and resume growth in early August. 60 days after the new buds are pulled out, it just happens to catch the National Day holiday. 5. Pruning method: First, the replacement pruning method, that is, after the first harvest in spring, the whole plant is pruned to 60 cm high and part of it is cut low. When the low pruning branches bloom, the original flowering branches are cut low again, and so on; The second is a one-time unified cutting method, that is, after picking flowers in May, all the flowers are cut into shrubs with the same height, the annual flowers are cut into 45 cm high and the biennial flowers are cut into 60 cm high. This method basically stopped production for 5-6 weeks. 6. Picking: When the new shoot grows to 15-20cm, remove the top about 3cm to promote the lateral buds to sprout into branches, and then pick the ear core 1-2 times until the main lateral branches can blossom enough. The purpose of coring is to adjust the plant type in the early stage of planting and control the flowering period after flowering.

Pest control diseases mainly include powdery mildew and black spot. Control method: 70% 600-fold solution of Tobezin,1:1:zineb and Bordeaux solution are sprayed alternately once a week. At the same time, the diseased branches and leaves are removed to achieve ventilation and light transmission and reduce humidity. The main pests are aphids, moths and longicorn beetles. Control method: spray 40% omethoate EC, marathon and dichlorvos.

Vine roses generally don't need pruning again. "Flourishing leaves" is not an empty talk. There are many branches and leaves, which is definitely a sign of vigorous vitality. Only when there are more branches and leaves can there be more flowers-this is a phenomenon that we can all see. Underground, you can't see the roots, but "deep roots and lush foliage" is more than just an expression. The overground part confirmed the growth of the underground part. Don't you see? ! This is the dialectics of botany. Similarly, the size of rose leaves should be analyzed and compared. The leaves are long and stretched, and the color is dark green or dark green. Reflect that the soil is suitable, the water and fertilizer are suitable, and there is no illness. Can it bloom? When I say this, I don't mean that vine roses don't need pruning. Usually, low branches, weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches, injured branches and old branches that have been growing for many years should be cut off (renew branches to prolong life). Also control the flowering period-pruning should be based on the local climate characteristics, growth potential and the required flowering period. Generally, after flowering, the residual flowers should be cut off as soon as possible to avoid hanging fruit and wasting nutrition (this is just like pregnancy, can you consume less! )。 * * * Rose: There are new branches and flowers. Keep more strong branches and straight branches (straight branches can transport nutrients smoothly), and cut off horizontal branches, horizontal branches, parallel branches, internal branches and over-dense branches (which is beneficial to ventilation and disease prevention), and you will find that the longer the roses are, the more they bloom.

Roses in the south and the north will hibernate in summer. At this time, we should pay attention to the prevention of pests and diseases, don't water too much, don't fertilize, the weather turns cold, cut it in the middle or lightly, and wait for more than 40 days to see the flowers!