College entrance examination geography questions about geographical graphics

Geographic graphics include climate type maps, topographic maps, administrative maps, mineral distribution maps, precipitation distribution maps, temperature and humidity difference maps, ethnic distribution maps, etc. The following are the geographical graphics that I recommend for everyone in the college entrance examination geography The test questions are for your reference only!

College entrance examination geography questions and reference answers about geographical graphics

The St. Lawrence River (a in the picture below) is a famous "frozen river". Figure b below shows the monthly temperature and precipitation in Montreal during the year. Complete the following questions accordingly.

9. The freezing period of the river near Montreal is roughly ( )

A. 2 months B. 3 months C. 4 months D. 5 months

10. According to the information in the diagram, it is speculated that the section of the river that may not freeze in winter is located in ( )

A. The section from Lake Ontario to Prescott B. The section from Prescott to Prescott The Cornwall River Section

C. The Montreal to Quebec River Section D. The River Mouth Section below Quebec

11. The feasible measures to reduce the hazards of the river are ( )

< p>　① Deepen the river channel ② Green the river bank ③ Block ice in sections ④ Widen the river channel

A, ①② B, ②③ C, ③④ D, ①④

Answer 9.C 10.B 11.C

Analysis

Test question analysis:

9. According to Montreal climate data, it can be seen that the monthly average temperature is below 0℃ from December By March of the following year, it can be concluded that the freezing period of the Montreal River section is 4 months, and the answer is C.

10. The river section from Prescott to Cornwall has a large drop, fast water flow, and is not prone to freezing in winter, so the answer is B.

11. Blocking ice in sections can avoid excessive accumulation of floating ice and raising the water level. By widening the river channel, the water level can be lowered to reduce the occurrence of freezing floods and reduce the harm to coastal areas, so the answer is C .

Test points: This question group mainly tests the comprehensive application of climate types, river hydrological characteristics and knowledge of cold floods.

This question group uses the St. Lawrence River in Canada as a sample to test climate knowledge and river hydrological characteristics, and test students' transfer and application abilities of knowledge. In the first question, the river begins to freeze when the monthly average temperature is below 0°C. Combining the temperature change curve given, it is not difficult to read that the average temperature in Montreal is below 0°C for four months a year; in the second question: Pay attention to the knowledge you have learned in transportation. In addition to temperature, factors that affect river freezing include water flow speed, river water salinity, etc. When the water flow speed is too fast, even below 0℃, it is difficult for the river water to freeze; if the salinity is high, who will The freezing temperature will decrease. Reading the picture, you can see that there are hydropower stations in the river section from Prescott to Cornwall, which shows that the river has a large drop, the current is fast, and the river water is not easy to freeze. In the third question, you need to know that the process of causing river flooding hazards is the continuous accumulation of floating ice. , blocking the river channel and raising the water level to form floods, so the response measures should be to find ways to lower the water level or raise the embankments to avoid flood overflow.

(2015? New National Curriculum Standard 1) The salinity content of sea ice is close to that of fresh water, and it can be used as fresh water resources after proper treatment. Figure 3 shows the distribution of the number of days with an annual average temperature of -4°C in the Bohai Sea and nearby areas. Complete the following questions accordingly.

7. Among the sea areas A, B, C, and D shown in the figure, the sea ice thickness is the largest ( )

A, A, B, B, C, C, D, and D< /p>

8. The sea area near the following cities has the richest sea ice resources per unit area ( )

A. Huludao B. Qinhuangdao C. Dalian D. Yantai

9. It is speculated that the reason why there is no large-scale exploitation of Bohai Sea ice is ( )

A. Insufficient resources B. Destruction of the environment C. Excessive cost D. Insufficient market demand

Answer 7, B 8, A 9, A

Analysis

Question analysis:

7. The lower the temperature, the longer the low temperature period lasts, and the sea ice The thicker. Among the four places in the figure, the ones with temperatures below 4°C that have lasted longer are places A and B. Site A is located inside the Bohai Sea, with a huge volume of deep water. Land B is located near the mainland, so the sea water in B is shallow, the volume of sea water is small, it is easy to freeze, and the freezing period is longer. B is correct.

8. The greater the thickness of the ice layer, the greater the amount of sea ice resources per unit area. In the picture, Huludao City has the highest latitude, the lowest temperature, and the largest local sea ice thickness. Therefore A is correct.

9. Affected by global warming, the Bohai Sea coastal zone currently has a short winter freezing period, thin ice layers, and limited sea ice resources. Therefore A is correct.

Test point: Marine environment.

Famous teachers emphasized that this test question has a novel situation and focuses on examining the geographical principles of material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment and the relationship between natural resources and human life.

This group of questions uses a contour map to examine the influencing factors of sea ice formation? Material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment, and the significance of the quantity and quality of natural resources to human survival and development under different productivity conditions.

(7) (2015 Shanghai Volume Geography) Contour map can reflect the geomorphological characteristics of a region. The picture below shows the contour line (unit: m) of a certain area.

15. The terrain unit represented by the part between the two 400-meter contour lines in the picture is ( )

A. Ridge B. Cliff C. Fault block mountain range D. Canyon

16. The gray part adjacent to the 310-meter contour line in the picture is most likely ( )

①Collapse deposits ②Protruding small bedrock ③Sandbar in the river ④Low Hill

　A, ①② B, ②③ C, ③④ D, ①④

Answer 15, D 16, A

Analysis

Analysis of test questions:

15. The two 400-meter contour lines in the picture are marked with the legend of a steep cliff, and between the two contour lines are canyons with steep slopes on both sides. D is correct.

The 16 and 310-meter contours are located below the cliff in the picture, partially coinciding with the legend representing the cliff in the picture. The gray part in the picture is the reason why the 310-meter contour line and the cliff legend are intermittently separated. This gray part should be the accumulation of cliff collapse or the formation of protruding bedrock. A is correct.

Test point: Interpretation of contour topographic maps.

The famous teacher highlighted that this question uses contour maps as materials, tests the judgment of contour topographic maps, and determines basic terrain types and terrain units. It is a basic question and is not difficult. The key to answering this question is to master the basic rules of contour maps. All points on the same isobars have the same altitude; in general, the relative height of any two adjacent contour lines on a contour topographic map is a fixed value (contour distance); contour lines are all closed curves, but some It cannot be completely presented on one picture; contour lines generally do not intersect, but at cliffs, the contour lines can overlap; the density of the contour lines reflects the steepness and gentleness of the slope, and the greater the distance between the two contour lines. , the sparser the contours, the gentler the slope; on the contrary, the steeper the slope.

(2015? Zhejiang Volume) Temperature inversion is a phenomenon in which the temperature increases with altitude under certain conditions. A meteorological interest group of a school conducted temperature inversion measurements in mountainous valleys in southern my country on a clear night in late October. The figure below shows the spatio-temporal Beijing-China average results of temperature inversion obtained by the team's multiple observations. Complete the following questions.

9. Which of the following descriptions of the temperature inversion characteristics of this place is correct ( )

A. The intensity of the inversion is greater close to the ground and decreases upwards B. The intensity of the inversion is at midnight Reach the maximum and then weaken

C. The inversion phenomenon appears before sunset and disappears before sunrise D. The strong inversion increases slowly in the first half of the night and decreases quickly in the second half of the night

10. The main reason why the peak value of the upper boundary of the inversion layer lags behind the peak value of the upper boundary of the strong inversion layer in time is ( )

A. There is a diurnal difference in the absorption of ground radiation by the atmosphere. B. The existence of atmospheric scattering reflection in height. Difference

C. There is a time difference in the heat transfer up and down the air. D. There is a time difference in the reflectivity of the underlying surface. 9. A

10. C < /p>

Analysis

Question analysis:

9. Read the graph and judge the intensity of the inversion according to the curve in the graph, the upper bound of the inversion and the upper bound of the strong inversion. It is larger near the ground and decreases upward, A pair. The lowest temperature of the day is before sunrise, so the intensity of the temperature inversion reaches its maximum before sunrise and then weakens, B is wrong. The temperature inversion phenomenon appears after sunset and generally disappears after sunrise. C is wrong. Reading the graph, according to the curve, the growth rate is fast in the first half of the night and slows down in the second half of the night. D is wrong.

10. The main reason why the peak value of the upper boundary of the inversion layer lags in time from the peak value of the upper boundary of the strong inversion layer is that ground radiation is the main direct heat source of the atmosphere, and there is a time difference in the heat transfer up and down the air, C right. It has nothing to do with the difference between day and night in the absorption of ground radiation by the atmosphere, the difference in height of atmospheric scattering reflection, and the difference in time in the reflectivity of the underlying surface. A, B, and D are wrong.

Positioning of test points: Inversion phenomenon and characteristics, factors affecting the peak time of the upper boundary of the inversion layer.

According to the materials, temperature inversion occurs under certain conditions and the temperature rises with altitude. By reading the picture, you should notice that the lower curve in the picture represents a strong temperature inversion. Relatively speaking, the upper curve The curve inversion is weak. The tropospheric air decreases with increasing altitude. The main reason for temperature inversion is that the temperature near the ground cools too fast, resulting in a stable atmospheric structure with cold below and warm above. When there is solar radiation during the day, the ground heats up and the temperature inversion gradually disappears. So the temperature inversion is strongest around sunrise. Ground radiation is the main direct heat source of the atmosphere. There is a time difference in heat transfer, so the strong inversion layer close to the ground reaches the peak first.

(2015? Anhui Volume) The figure below shows the daily solar radiation received on the horizontal plane of the upper boundary unit area of ​​the atmosphere in a year changes with latitude, the unit is MJ/m2, the shaded area in the figure indicates no Solar radiation. Complete the following questions.

32. The M day in the picture is closest to ( )

A. Vernal equinox B. Summer solstice C. Autumnal equinox D. Winter solstice

33. a The influencing factors of the difference in solar radiation between points b and b are mainly ( )

A. Sun height B, day length C, sea and land location D, weather conditions

32.B

33.A

Analysis

Question analysis:

32. It can be seen from the picture that it is the northern hemisphere, and the question mentions the picture The shaded area indicates no solar radiation. It can be seen that the area without solar radiation is the Arctic Circle and the areas north of it. According to the latitude and range changes of the area without solar radiation, it can be seen that the date at the origin and the far right of the figure should be the winter solstice. day, and so on, the date corresponding to a is the vernal equinox, the date corresponding to M is the summer solstice, and the date corresponding to b is the autumnal equinox, so B is correct.

33. Factors that affect solar radiation include ① Latitude: When the latitude is low, the altitude angle of the sun at noon is large, the distance of solar radiation through the atmosphere is short, and it is less weakened by the atmosphere, so the solar radiation reaching the ground is stronger. ; Otherwise, it is weak. ② Weather conditions: In sunny weather, due to the few and thin clouds, the atmosphere's weakening effect on solar radiation is weak, and the solar radiation reaching the ground is strong; in rainy weather, due to thick and many clouds, the atmosphere's weakening effect on the sun If the weakening effect of radiation is strong, the solar radiation reaching the ground will be weak. ③ Altitude: high altitude, thin air, and the weakening effect of the atmosphere on solar radiation is weak, and the solar radiation reaching the ground will be strong; conversely, it will be weak ④ Sunshine length: sunshine If the time is long, the solar radiation obtained is strong, and the sunshine time is short, the solar radiation obtained is weak. In the summer half of the year, the day time in high latitudes is long, which makes up for the energy lost by the low solar altitude angle. Therefore, C is eliminated first; according to the analysis of the above question, ab is all When the sun shines directly on the equator, the global day and night are of equal length, and there is no problem of sunshine duration. B. Excluded. The weather conditions cannot be judged by the graph. D. Excluded. From the graph, it can be clearly seen that ab is located at different latitudes, resulting in different sun heights. A is lower in latitude than b. Therefore, when the sun shines directly on the equator, it is closer to the direct latitude, the sun is higher, and is less weakened by the atmosphere. The solar radiation is strong, so A is correct.

Test points: Examine the factors that affect solar radiation, aiming to test students' ability to obtain information and interpret information.

The famous teacher’s highlight: This question uses the daily changes in solar radiation received with latitude on the horizontal plane of the upper boundary of the atmosphere in a year as a material to test students’ ability to read pictures, obtain information and interpret information, and test students’ ability to read pictures, obtain information and interpret information. It is difficult to comprehensively analyze factors affecting solar radiation. Question 1, the key is to find a breakthrough. According to "The shaded part in the picture indicates no solar radiation", it means that during this period, the polar night phenomenon occurred in the Arctic Circle and the areas north of it. This period includes the winter solstice, so it can be inferred that the picture The closest M day is the summer solstice; for the second question, you can use the elimination method and combine the options to analyze. The solar radiation at point a is greater than point b. There are only two latitude differences in the picture. Other sea and land positions and weather conditions cannot be determined, so It can be quickly deduced that answer A is correct.

(2015? Fujian Volume) Figure 4 shows the contour distribution of a certain place. The strata from valley a to valleys b and c are from old to new. Read the picture and complete the following questions.

9. The geological structure and landform of place X in the picture is most likely ( )

A. Anticlinal valley B. Anticlinal mountain C. Syncline valley D. Syncline mountain /p>

10. If the tributaries of two rivers a and c are connected, the place where the flow increases significantly is ( )

A.① B.② C. ③ D.④

Answer 9.A 10.B

Analysis

Question analysis:

9. From the analysis of the relationship between the old and new rock formations, X place belongs to the middle It is old and the two wings are new. It is judged to be an anticline. From the geomorphological analysis, it belongs to the valley, so the X area is an anticline valley. Therefore choose A.

10. From the contour analysis, where the tributaries of the two rivers are connected, the terrain of River C is high, and the river water should flow from River C to River A, and it is located in the downstream section, so the water volume will increase significantly; While ① and ④ are located upstream, the water volume will remain unchanged, while the ③ river section is located downstream of the C river, and the water volume will decrease. So choose B.

Test points: geological structures, contour lines.

Famous teachers judge anticlines and synclines based on the relationship between old and new rock formations. Anticlines indicate old rock formations in the middle and new rock formations on both wings; synclines indicate new rock formations in the middle and new rock formations on both wings. Interpret terrain based on contours. Name: ①The top of the mountain: It can also be called a mountain peak or a mountain ridge. In a contour topographic map, if the contour value is higher in the middle and lower on the surrounding sides, then the middle part is a mountain range. ② Ridge: In a contour topographic map, the contour lines curve from high to low. ③Valley: In a contour topographic map, the contour lines curve from low to high.

④Basin: In a contour topographic map, if the contour value is lower in the middle and higher on the four sides, then the middle part is a basin. ⑤Saddle: In the contour topographic map, the relatively low point between two adjacent mountains. ⑥Steep cliff: In the contour topographic map, the place where the contour lines intersect. ⑦Steep slope and gentle slope: In the same contour topographic map, the place with dense contour lines is a steep slope; the place with sparse contour lines is a gentle slope. In different contour topographic maps, they should be determined according to the scale.

(2015? Guangdong Volume) 1. Digital elevation model is a virtual representation of landforms that can describe ground elevation information. Figure 1 is a digital elevation model diagram of a tourist area. In the picture, the viewing platforms A, B, C, and D have the widest view possible ( )

A, A, B, B, C, and C D , D

Answer C

Analysis

Question analysis: According to the legend information, it can be seen that the brighter the color, the higher the altitude, that is, C has the highest altitude, which is The highest point of the area shown in the picture is where the viewing platform is set up to have the widest view. A, B and D are at low altitudes and are located in valleys or hillsides. They are blocked by the mountaintops on both sides and have poorer views.

Test point: Topographic map.

The famous teacher pointed out that this question is not very difficult. It is a direct-view problem. The topographic characteristics and terrain relief of the area are judged based on the digital elevation model. The problem of direct vision can be judged by making a terrain profile. On the topographic profile, a straight line is drawn from the projection point of the observation point to the projection point of the target point. If the straight line is not cut off by any ground object, it means that the direct vision is good, otherwise it cannot be directed directly. See. As shown in the figure below, draw a straight line from point s? to point c?. The straight line is not cut off by any ground objects, indicating good direct vision. In the figure, b? is located in the shaded area, indicating that point s cannot directly see point b, so village b does not directly see point s.

From the top of the mountain to the surrounding areas, the contour lines are first dense and then sparse, which is a "concave slope"; the contour lines are first sparse and then dense, which is a "convex slope", and a "convex slope" can easily block people. sight.

(2015? Tianjin Volume) A certain mineral is formed in the slow asthenosphere above ground and then reaches the surface due to magma activity. This mineral has been found in the magmatic rocks of the ancient volcano shown in Figure 2 and in the mud and sand of the river beach. Read the graphic materials and answer questions 3-4.

3. The geological processes that cause the mineral to reach the river beach sediment from the upper mantle asthenosphere should be ( )

A. Magma eruption, rock layer fracture, weathering, erosion and transport, Deposition

B. Magma eruption, rock layer fracture, transportation, sedimentation, weathering, and erosion

C. Rock layer fracture, magma eruption, weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition

D. Rock layer fracture Magma eruption and transportation, sedimentation, weathering, and erosion

4. The slope of the volcano drawn in the profile is compared with the actual slope of the volcano ( )

A. Steepened B. Slowed down C. No change D. Unable to judge

Answer 3.C 4.A

Analysis

Question analysis:

3. First, the rock layer fractures, and then the minerals from the asthenosphere of the upper mantle rise to the surface along the fault, which is called magma eruption, forming magmatic rock. Then, under the action of external forces, weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition are sequentially performed to form river beach sediment. So choose C.

4. The unit of the ordinate in the figure is meters, and the unit of the abscissa is kilometers. The scale difference between the two is large, so the slope of the volcano profile is larger than the actual slope. Therefore choose A.

This question mainly examines the impact of magma activity, external forces on the surface morphology, and the interpretation of terrain profiles.

The famous teacher points out that magma comes from the asthenosphere of the upper mantle. Under high temperature and high pressure, it intrudes upward along the fissures. After ejecting the surface, it cools and solidifies to form magmatic rocks. Various rocks exposed on the surface are affected by external forces. First, weathering causes the rocks to break, and then external erosion causes the broken rocks to leave their original place and be transported to other areas. Finally, they are deposited to form loose sediments. After consolidation and diagenesis, sedimentary rocks are formed.

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